• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.615-621
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• 2015

This study was conducted to analyze accessibility and reduction effect of forest operations cost before and after forest road construction based on actual silvicultural operations in 5 regional forest service(8 management planning district) where forest operations was enacted consistently. The result show the accessibility and the reduction effect of the operation cost, the accessibility of forest operation area within 500 m from forest road or public road increased about 3.2 times after the forest road construction. The reduction effect of the operation cost was averagely 576,000 won/km/year. According to the results, forest road had an effect on improvement of accessibility and reduction effect of forest operation cost. This result could be offered basic information to support policy of forest road expansion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.230-238
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• 2015

This study was analyzed the operational cost of logging and chipping operations in order to develop the efficient logging operation system for the utilization of forest-biomass. Analysis of the operational cost of logging operation systems, the operation system D which include chain saw, tower-yarder, mini-forwarder and truck was calculated the lowest cost to be $68,498Won/m^3$. In the utilization of forest-biomass, the operation system E which include chipping by mini-chipper at the site, forwarding of chips by mini-forwarder, transportation of chips by truck was estimated to be 90,770 Won/Ton. Thus, These results are determined as an effective operating system for logging operation and the utilization of forest-biomass.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate pulping properties of the forest biomass arising from the national forest management operation. The forest biomass was collected and classified into many groups according to their species and age. After the chips were made from the forest biomass, the measurement of chip size and chemical analysis were performed. To make the pulps from the forest biomass, the kraft pulping was applied and thereafter the physical and optical properties of kraft pulps were measured. The pulp fibers from the forest biomass had the similar mean fiber length, but their properties became different according to wood species and ages. Differently from the other species, kraft pulps from chestnut wood had the highest kappa number. Acacia, paulownia and chestnut woods made kraft pulps with lower tensile strength and brightness than the others. It could be concluded that acacia, paulownia and chestnut woods must be screened out in order to make a good quality of kraft pulps while being collected during Forest Management Operation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.131-138
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• 2011

Currently, many forest residues have been generated by the National Forest Management Operation. Unfortunately, most of the forest residues are supposed to be used as raw materials for burning fuels like wood pellets. Even though the forest biomass must be effectively used for making high value-added products, they may be subject to disposable raw materials for wood pellets. Wood pellets are regarded as burning fuels with less contribution to the decrease in carbon gas emission, compared to raw materials for kraft pulps. In this study, we studied whether or not forest biomass mixed with various ages and, species could be used as raw materials for kraft pulps.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.232-243
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• 2024

Purpose: Recently, large-scale forest fires caused by climate change, natural disasters, and human factors have been increasing every year in the East Coast and Taebaek Mountains region. Although forest fire extinguishing using helicopters is currently increasing, the need to introduce air force transport aircraft has continued to be raised due to the importance of early fire extinguishment to respond to large forest fires and the difficulty of extinguishing forest fires between sheep. This study seeks to present a plan for developing a post-fire management system for several aspects - achieving operational objectives, overcoming the operating environment, selecting a staging area, and efficient operation measures - to efficiently perform forest fire extinguishing missions using Air Force transport aircraft. Method: Based on literature research on forest fire extinguishing, forest fire extinguishing experiments using fixed-wing aircraft, and the operation status and operation method of forest fire extinguishing helicopters, the pros and cons of helicopter operation and the effects of large forest fire extinguishing using a large transport aircraft (C-130) Analyze the effectiveness of operation through analysis. Results: When extinguishing a large forest fire, an effective CM (Consequence Management) application plan was derived, including effective operation, control, command system, dispatch request, and forest fire extinguishment when integrating helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft (C-130). Conclusion: The application of the concept of CM (Consequence Management) is partially applied to some areas of chemical, biological, and radiological (CBRNE) protection in Korea, but efficient operation, control, and command systems are established when integrated operation of helicopters and large aircraft (C-130) in forest fire extinguishment. the concept of CM (Consequence Management), which is operated in advanced countries, was applied for safety management, dispatch requests, and forest fire extinguishing, thereby contributing to the establishment of a more advanced disaster and post-disaster management system.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current situation of the logging operation system and to suggest an effective policy plan to secure important raw materials for the use of forest biomass. The dissemination of forestry mechanization and the establishment of the logging operation are important tasks to establish a system and reduce costs of timber production by increasing the use of forest biomass; this includes increasing the supply of timber for domestic products and increasing the production of wood chips and wood pellets. In particular, the efficiency of steep-slopes catenary system machinery for yarding such as tower-yarder and swing-yarder should be urgently supplied to cope with forest production and supply of forest biomass energy resources. In addition, it is necessary to continuously promote the dissemination of high-performance forestry machinery as is being done in Japan. At the same time, instead of distributing or retaining the spread of forestry machinery to the state and local governments, it is necessary to distribute timber production work centered on forest cooperatives or private timber producers to be carried out by wood producers, forest cooperatives and individuals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of forest road network on accessibility and cost reduction for forest operations before and after forest road construction by investigating harvesting operations in 5 regional Forest Services (8 management planning districts). The results showed that the accessible operation area within 500 m from forest roads or public roads increased about 3.5 times after the forest road construction. The average cost reduction was 308,000 won/km/year. According to the results, forest road had a great effect on improvement of accessibility and reduction effect of forest operation cost. Therefore, the policy for expansion of forest road should be continued for preparing of effective harvesting system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.583-593
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• 2022

The harvesting system in South Korea faces the problems of aging workers and high wages, so it is necessary to improve the operation system and train workers to use high-performance forestry machines. This study compared the effectiveness and costs of yarding and processing operations between a multi-operation system using a tower yarder (HAM300) and a processor (KESLA 20SH) with those of a single-system using a forestry combi-machine. A whole-tree (cable) yarding operation was conducted in the clear-cutting area located at Compartment 15, Gwangneung Experimental Forest, National Institute of Forest Science, and the productivity and cost of multi- and single-system were analyzed. The productivity of the single-system was 1.5 m³/PMH and 1.6 m³/PMH higher than that of the multi- system because the single-system produced 1 log/cycle more than the multi-system in the yarding operation. The cost was approximately 12.1% lower for the single-system (￦36,113/m³) than for the multi-system (￦41,065/m³). The costs of the single-system and multi-system were decreased by maximums of 22.6% and 15.9%, respectively, by decreasing the idle time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.143-155
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• 2013

In order to establish efficient timber harvesting system and provide the necessary data for the system establishment, the techniques to identify areas possible of the yarding-operation and design forest-road networks were newly developed and the applicability of the techniques are tested in this study. The new techniques were developed based on ArcGIS, particularly with utilizing the Viewshed Analysis Tool. From the results of the identification of the possible yarding-operation areas, it is found that the percentage of possible yardingoperation area decreases with the increment of maximum yarding distance due to terrestrial effects. When forest road networks are extended in impossible yarding-operation sites, the area of possible yarding-operation sites increases. If a forest road network is newly designed, its overall extension is altered, resulting in changes in the possible yarding-operation areas. Through the comparative analysis among the different possible yardingoperation areas from different forest road networks, the maximization of the yarding-operation possible area can be achieved. The results from this study can be utilized for establishing more efficient timber-harvesting system and developing GIS-based programs to manage the system.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2016

Logging equipment and method have a major influence on harvesting productivity and cost. This study investigated the productivity and operational costs of tree-length cable yarding system using HAM300, a domestically developed tower yarder. We tested HAM300 for thinning operation in Pinus densiflora stands at Gangreung, Gangwon-do on April, 2014. To assess the productivity we conducted time study for each stage of the operation. When the average time/cycle was examined for each stage of the operation, the longest was for yarding (241 sec), followed by delimbing (237 sec), felling (153 sec), and processing (103 sec). Furthermore, productivity for felling was $8.6m^3/hr$, followed by delimbing ($5.1m^3/hr$), yarding ($3.5m^3/hr$), and processing ($8.1m^3/hr$). The total cost for the tree-length logging system was $58,446won/m^3$, of which the majority was incurred by the yarding cost at $46,217won/m^3$ (79.3%), whereas the lowest cost was for felling at $2,359won/m^3$ (4.1%). We suggest that it is necessary to foster specialized operators and provide training in operating the tower yarder thereby implementing efficient harvesting system resulting from low-cost yarding.