• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권3호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 당시 당면한 산림문제를 해결하기 위하여 1972년 7월부터 1973년 6월까지 진행되었던 산림정책의 변화과정과 그 원인을 구명하는 데 있다. 1972년에 우리나라가 당면한 산림문제는 1ha 당 평균 입목축적 $11m^3$, 총 산림면적의 약 12%에 해당하는 82만ha의 무립목지로 대표되는 산림황폐화였다. 당시 이 문제를 해결하기 위한 다양한 접근방법이 있을 수 있었다. 1972년 12월 산림개발법이 제정될 때까지는 산림경영 측면에서 조림을 유도하는 경영중심 임정이 유력하였다. 그러나 1973년 3월까지 큰 변화가 있었다. 우선 산림녹화의 효율적인 수행을 위하여 산림청을 농림부에서 내무부로 이관하였다. 뒤 이어 국가가 산림녹화의 주체가 되어 국가 재정과 경찰력을 포함한 행정력을 동원하여 신속히 100만ha를 조림한다는 제1차 치산녹화10년계획이 수립되었다. 영림공사가 수행할 특수개발지역의 산림조차 국가와 지방 정부가 중심이 되어 조림을 한다는 정책이 선택됨으로써 영림공사의 필요성은 퇴색되었다. 더군다나 정부는 법으로 정한 영림공사 설립에 필요한 출자금 200억원을 조달하는 데 '재정적 제약'이 있었다. 결국 공적 기관인 영림공사가 특수개발지역의 산림을 경영한다는 계획은 1973년 3월 5일 산림개발법이 개정되어 영림공사 설립 조항이 삭제되면서 그 막을 내렸다. 이러한 변화의 중심엔 당시 산림문제를 단기간 내에 해결하려는 박정희 대통령의 '시간적 제약' 인식이 크게 자리 잡고 있었다. 이런 대통령의 인식은 영림공사 주도의 조림정책보다 행정력 주도의 제1차 치산녹화10년계획을 선택하게 만든 보이지 않는 변수였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to develop a management strategy for the recovery of carbon storage capacity of abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation area. For the purpose, the biomass and stand carbon storage over time after the forest rehabilitation by tree type for Betula platyphylla, Pinus densiflora, and Alnus hirsuta trees which are major tree species widely planted for the forest rehabilitation in the abandoned coal mine were calculated, and compared them with general forest. The carbon storage in abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation areas was lower than that in general forests, and based on tree species, Pinus densiflora stored 48.9%, Alnus hirsuta 41.1%, and Betula platyphylla 27.0%. This low carbon storage is thought to be caused by poor growth because soil chemical properties, such as low TOC and total nitrogen content, in the soil of abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation areas, were adverse to vegetation growth compared to those in general forests. DBH, stand biomass, and stand carbon storage tended to increase after forest rehabilitation over time, whereas stand density decreased. Stand' biomass and carbon storage increased as DBH and stand density increased, but there was a negative correlation between stand density and DBH. Therefore, after forest rehabilitation, growth status should be monitored, an appropriate growth space for trees should be maintained by thinning and pruning, and the soil chemical properties such as fertilization must be managed. It is expected that the carbon storage capacity the forest rehabilitation area could be restored to a level similar to that of general forests.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.733-737
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate soil chemical properties for forest rehabilitation and suggest design and management in abandoned coal mine areas in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Total study sites were 10 sites, and soil analysis particular were soil pH, TOC, total-N, C/N ratio, A.v. $P_2O_5$, and CEC. Because most of study sites showed soil pH from 5.0 to 7.0, it seems that soil pH does not affect growth of vegetation. But soil pH in Danbong1 was acidic (pH 4.6), so it is needed to improve with ameliorant such as limestone. Most of study sites is necessary to manage for organic matter and Nitrogen, because there sites showed lower value of TOC and total-N than general forest. The values of A.v. $P_2O_5$ and CEC were good in most of study sites, so it seems that they do not have effect on vegetation growth. All of soil factors has no regression according to elapsed time after rehabilitation. TOC, total-N and A.v. $P_2O_5$ among soil properties have positive relationship between each other. It is necessary to fertilizer for organic matter and Nitroge because of value in TOC, total-N and C/N ratio. The results of this study were analyzed only one time. So, long-term monitoring for soil properties is important for the correct forest rehabilitation and management.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2021

본 연구는 강원지역 폐탄광 산림복구지에서 산림복구사업 후 시간경과에 따른 토양 화학적특성을 분석하여 관리방안 도출을 위해 수행하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 정선군 5개 폐탄광과 영월군 3개 폐탄광 총 8개 폐탄광 산림복구지였으며, 경과시간별로 총 11회에 걸쳐 토양 화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 분석항목은 토양 pH, TOC, 총질소, 탄질률, 유효인산 등 5개 특성이었다. 분석결과 토양 pH와 유효인산 함량은 시간경과에 따라 감소하는 경향을, TOC와 총질소 함량, 탄질률은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. TOC와 총질소는 10년 경과시 폐탄광 산림복구를 위한 복토재의 품질기준을 만족하였으며, 토양 pH는 품질기준보다 낮아졌다. 따라서 산림복구사업후 토양 화학적 특성에 대한 장기모니터링 및 이를 통한 사후관리방안 수립이 필요하다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1010-1015
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to investigate soil chemical characteristics for forest rehabilitation and suggest management in abandoned coal mine areas in Hwasun-gun, South Jeolla Province. Total study sites were 8 sites, and soil analysis particular were soil pH, TOC, total-N, C/N ratio, Avail. $P_2O_5$, and CEC. Average soil pH was 5.8 (4.7~6.4). Average contents of TOC, total-N and C/N ratio were 1.1% (0.2~2.0%), 0.08% (0.02~0.13%) and 15.0 (7.9~31.4), respectively. Average Avail. $P_2O_5$ was $8.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ (2.7~15.0) and Average CEC was $13.7cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ ($9.9{\sim}18.5cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$). Soil pH was decreased according to elapsed time from forest rehabilitation, while TOC, total N and CEC were increased. Av. $P_2O_5$ did not show any relationship with elapsed time. Soil pH was stable comparing with general forest soil in South Jeolla Province (5.1), while contents of TOC and total N were lower than general forest soil in South Jeolla Province (4.9% and 0.18%, respectively). Therefore, sustainable managements such as fertilization for TOC and total N are necessary for good rooting and growth of vegetation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.42-55
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• 1984

The direction of scientific researches on tree improvement and forest management in several universities and research institutes in Japan can be summarized as follows: They put a great emphasis on sugi, Cryptomeria japonica and cypress, Chamaecyparus oblusa which are two major conifer species largerly planted in the Japanese forestry. In the research of sugi, a great concern has been made in evaluating inheritance of forest tree, quantitative characters and genetic parameter of growth, and in breeding for resistance to diseases and insects and to all the natural calamities. Interaction between environmental conditions and genetic nature of tree can be concerned factors in relation with forest damage, together with silvicultural conditions and pest infestation. Selfing hybrids of $F_1$ made from crossing twisted-leaf sugi, defomity leaf type and midori sugi, normal leaf type segregated the normal needle, twisted needle, green leaf and albino leaf type. It seemed that separation of many defomity individuals can be governed by two dominant complementary genes and from the near loci of which it was detected lethal genes. 52% of Japanese forestry is occupied by the small forest landowners like Korean forestry. This made difficulty for forest improvement such as progressive afforestation and for capital accumulation form forestry. The Forest Corporation was established at first in 1959 to aming at productive forestry structure and forest management, and afforestation. For these purpose, 35 Forest Corporations are at moment operating throughout Japan. However, investment in forestry business becomes less attractive since the wage in forest production duction increased in higher trend. than timber price. Therefore, an artifical afforestation becomes yearly decreased. At present. the self-sufficient rate of timber production in Japan is about 35%, and so a great effort is being made to increase self-sufficient rate of timber production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.744-750
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate soil chemical characteristics for forest rehabilitation and suggest management in abandoned coal mine areas in Boryeong City, Chungcheongnam-do. Total study sites were seven sites, and soil properties analyzed were soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total-N, C/N ratio, and available $P_2O_5$ (A.v. P). Average soil pH (range) was 5.9 (4.5~7.0). Three study sites (Samgwang, Shinsung1, and Shimwon1) showed lower soil pH than standard (pH 5.6~7.3) of Korea Industrial Standards (KS) for abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation. Average contents of TOC, and total-N were 1.5% (0.1~4.7%), and 0.10% (0.03~0.23%), respectively. Five study sites where the collapsed time was less than 10 years (Wangjashingang, Wonpoong, Samgwang, Shinsung1, and Shinsung2) showed lower TOC level than standard of KS (more than 1.2%). Wangjashingang, Wonpoong, Samgwang, and Shinsung1 showed lower level of total-N than standard of KS (more than 0.09%). C/N ratio of six study sites except Shimwon1 was out of proper range (15:1~30:1). Average A.v. P (range) was $20.7mgkg^{-1}$ (4.8~63.1), less than other abandoned coal mine fores rehabilitation areas in Mungyong City, and Hwasun-gun. TOC, total N and A.v. P increased with elapsed time from forest rehabilitation, while other soil properties did not show distinct pattern. Betula platyphylla was planted in Samkwang and Sinsung where soil pH was less than KS standard. Because the growth of Betula platyphylla can be limited in acid soil, it is necessary to neutralize soil pH to proper level with some soil amendment such as lime or shell of oyster. Furthermore, TOC, total-N and A.v. P in early stage of forest rehabilitation showed lower level than proper to vegetation growth. Therefore it needs continuous monitoring of soil characteristics and fertilization for vegetation growth and influx from surrounding forest in early stage of rehabilitation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.695-705
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• 2006

This study was carried out to make a basic information for establishment of countermeasures against water pollution of Hoengseong watershed, accordingly we investigated the characteristics of pollutants discharge and estimated the unit loads from Hoengseong watershed. Seven sites (S1~S7) were selected for sampling and samples were taken 4 times during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. During rainfall events, measured site mean concentration (SMC) ranges of $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TOC, SS, Turbidity, T-N and T-P were 0.8~1.3 mg/L, 2.3~6.3 mg/L, 1.284~2.110 mg/L, 3.4~69.3 mg/L, 2.36~52.68 NTU, 1.243~1.669 mg/L and 0.025~0.070 mg/L, respectively. And the calculated annual unit loads of $BOD_{5}$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N and T-P in Hoengseong watershed were 1.327 kg/ha/yr, 7.349 kg/ha/yr, 87.075 kg/ha/yr, 1.848 kg/ha/yr and 0.103 kg/ha/yr, respectively. It was difficult to directly compare the unit loads proposed in this study with the estimated existing those. Because the unit loads in this paper were estimated not by land use types, but by complex land use of non-urban area. From the survey results, they showed that the unit loads in Hoengseong watershed were similar to those exisiting in the forest area, and showed lower than those existing in the paddy/dry field.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The study aims to examine population indices of mature trees in Jebel Elgarrie forest, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We used remote sensing techniques to stratify the forest into vegetation classes depending on tree density. We distributed 97 circular sample plots (0.1 ha) proportionally to the area of the vegetation classes. In each sample plot we identified, counted and recorded all mature trees (DBH ≥10 cm). We calculated frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness and diversity for each species and we drew abundance rank curve of mature trees. We used One-Way ANOVA to test for differences (α=0.05) in mean density (No./ha) of mature trees between vegetation classes. Results revealed that the forest was conveniently sub-divided into high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and bare farm land (C4) classes. We identified fifteen tree species that belong to 10 families and 14 genera. Combretaceae and Fabaceae were the common families while Anogeissus leiocarpa was the most frequently occurring species. While species diversity varied between vegetation classes, diversity of the forest as a whole is low. While mean density of mature trees in C1, C2, C3 and C4 it was 100, 74, 10, and 0, respectively, it was 54 for the whole forest indicating low stocking, Following One-Way ANOVA, multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in mean density of mature trees between C1 & C3 and C2 & C3. The study provided empirical results on population indices of mature tree species, which would be of importance for successful management and conservation of the forest.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.785-798
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• 2023

Considering irrigation facilities are currently insufficient and drought vulnerability due to climate change is high, efficient measures are required to secure water supply for field crops. This study, therefore, calculated the water shortage to secure water for representative field crops. An economic analysis was further conducted by comparing the production income to the input cost for each method. Here, five distinct regions were selected to represent each crop-Cheongyang-gun for chili peppers, Yesan-gun for apples, Dangjin-si for cabbages, Seosan-si for garlic, and Goesan for beans. The regions with insufficient water supply were estimated by calculating the water requirements and the supplied water from public groundwater wells for each area. A comprehensive set of four scenarios was presented as a strategy to ensure water security and manage irrigation facilities. These scenarios comprised the maintenance of existing groundwater wells, the construction of new water storage tanks, the installation of additional groundwater wells, and the utilization of surface water. B/C (benefit/cost) analysis was conducted for each scenario. As a result, the construction of water storage tanks was selected as a facility and water management plan in Cheongyang-gun, Dangjin-si, and Seosan-si. The analysis additionally indicated the economic viability of installing surface water utilization facilities in Yesan-gun and developing water storage tanks and groundwater (aquifer) wells in Goesan-gun. The results of this study are considered to serve as foundation data that may be utilized in the selection of water management plans for drought-prone areas in the future.