• 환경위생공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.25-48
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• 1993

International concern over the environmental pollution is ever increasing, and diversified countermeasures must be devised in Korea also. Global trend, damages, problems and countermeasures with respect to issues mentioned in the Rio Declaration, such as prevention of ozone layer destruction, reduction of migratory atmospheric pollution between neighboring countries, and prevention of global greenhouse effect, were discussed in this report. Conclusion of the report is summarized as follows : A. Measurement, Planning and Monitoring (1) Development and implementation of a global network for measurement and monitoring from the global aspects such factors as related to acid rain(Pioneer substances, pH, sulfate, nitrate), effect of global temperature(Air temperature, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, CFC, $N_2O$) and destruction of ozone layer($CFC_S$). (2) Establishment of network system via satellite monitoring movement of regional air mass, damage on the ozone layer and ground temperature distribution. B. Elucidation of Present State (1) Improvement and development of devices for carbon circulation capable of accurately forecasting input and output of carbon. (2) Developmental research on chemical reactions of greenhouse gas in the air. (3) Improvement and development of global circulation model(GCM) C. Impact Assessment Impact assessment on ecosystem, human body, agriculture, floodgate, land use, coastal ecology, industries, etc. D. Preventive Measures and Technology Development (1) Development and consumption of new energy (2) Development of new technology for removal of pioneer substances (3) Development of substitute matter for $CFC_S$ (4) Improvement of agriculture and forestry means to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (5) Improvement of housing to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (6) Development of new technology for probing underground water (7) Preservation of forest (8) Biomass 5. Policy Development (1) Development of strategy model (2) Development of long term forecast model (3) Development of penalty charge effect and expense evaluation methods (4) Feasibility study on regulations By establishing the above mentioned measures for environmentally sound and sustainable development to establish the right to live for humankind and to preserve the one and only earth.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1995

본 연구의 목적은 북한산 국립공원 경계선 일대의 추이대를 탐지하는 기법을 개발하여 추이대의 폭을 조사하고, 추이대의 폭과 환경요인과의 관계를 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 1985, 1987, 1993년 5월 중순에 수신된 TM영상을 이용하여 계산한 정규식생지수(NDVI)를 도출하고, 버퍼링작업에 의하여 경계선으로 부터으 거리별 NDVI를 산출하여 추이대를 조사하는 방법을 제시하였다. 연구 결과 본 연구대상지의 추이대의 식생은 생물계절(phenology), 인접지역의 토지이용의 영향을 받는 것이 확인되었으며, 1993년에는 1985년에 비해서 추이대의 폭이 약 2배로 증대되어 탐방객의 과도한 이용 등으로 인하여 식생 피해지역의 범위가 확대되고 있는 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

This research explores about the construction process and provision of Japanese Wooden Houses. Even though Prefabricated Houses appeared during the 1960's and the Platform Construction System during the 1970's, there was still a high demand for Conventional Wooden House, with a high demand by households on their 30's. These features were found in the areas of Hokkaido, Kyushu, Tokyo, and Osaka. Tokyo and capital region accommodate large number of the head offices of companies that produce Platform Construction System houses, and thus supply the largest amount of Platform Construction System houses. In capital region, land prices are so high, that they build houses as 3-Floors or above, and also driven by high cost of house construction, house performances are excellent. The houses of Osaka and Kinki region demonstrate similar characteristics to those of capital region. Osaka is headquartered by a group of head offices of companies that produce prefabricated houses, and thus holds more amount of prefabricated house supply than other regions. This city also shows high cost of house construction no less than capital region, and thus offers outstanding performance of house. In Kyushu, whereas Japanese wooden house building systems are supplied the most, Platform Construction System houses are provided the least in the nation. As this region offers rich amount of forest resources owing to mild humid climate which is ideal for vegetations, the Japanese wooden building systems use the timbers from this region. Hokkaido, a cold region, requires houses that offer outstanding performance of heat insulation. Therefore, Hokkaido shows more supplies of Platform Construction System houses that offers outstanding heat insulation performance. They import the timbers that form the structure framework of Platform Construction System houses from North America.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2009

In this study, research for physical and chemical characteristics were conducted through analysis of sediments, grading and heavy metals (e.g., Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb ) in sewers which are classified by drainage types. After that, cement solidification and yellow soil calcinations made heavy metals stabilized and then, ways of recycling it were examined. The grain size distribution of all sediments was relative graded. When evaluating heavy metal pollution through index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), Cu showed moderately pollution or strong pollution in forest and street site and Zn was assessed by moderately pollution in military, residential, and street site. Analysis of Pearson Correlation coefficient of heavy metal indicated that all items in street site have tight relationship respectively. Especially, Cd-Zn, Cu-Pb, Cu-Mn, and Pb-Mn have relationship at 99% confidence intervals in statistical analysis. Recycling it with cement solidification was satisfied with compressive strength standard under 55% deposit contents and Zn, Pb, Mn were stabilized effectively. If time and temperature plasticity and compressive strength would be standard, it is revealed that yellow soil calcinations is valuable aggregate when it has 50-60 Wt% contents. When considering economic feasibility and stabilization of heavy metals, cement solidification would be more appropriate than yellow soil calcinations as solution to recycling.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.217-229
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• 2001

댐에 의한 환경의 변화는 생태계의 변화나 댐 주변의 안개일수 증가와 같은 국지기상의 변화도 있으나 본 연구에서는 수문환경의 변화에 초점을 맞추어 댐 건설이후 어떤 수문환경의 변화가 발생하며, 이러한 수문환경의 변화가 유역의 유출특성에 어떤 식으로 영향을 주는지에 대해 정량적으로 살펴보았다. 수분환경의 변화를 살펴보기 위해서 대청댐 건설 전후의 댐 상류에서의 토지이용과 식생의 변화를 비교하였으며, 물수지 방정식을 이용하여 증발산량, 유출량 및 토양 함수비 등을 산정하고 댐 건설에 따른 변화 양상을 분석하였다. 댐의 건설로 인해 댐 상류에서는 삼림의 증사와 초지의 감소로 알베도가 감소하였고 잠재증발산량과 토양수분량이 증가하였으며, 이로인해 실제증발산량이 증가하였다. 또한 댐 건설 후의 유출율이 약간 증가하였다. 이상의 분석을 통해 댐 건설에 따른 수문환경의 변화를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to calibrate the hydrologic parameters of SWAT model and analyze the daily runoff for the study watershed using SWAT-CUP. The Hardware watershed is located in Virginia, USA. The watershed area is $356.15km^2$, and the land use accounts for 73.4 % of forest and 23.2 % of pasture. Input data for the SWAT model were obtained from the digital elevation map, landuse map, soil map and others. Water flow data from 1990 to 1994 was used for calibration and from 1997 to 2005 was for validation. The SUFI-2 module of the SWAT-CUP program was used to calibrate the hydrologic parameters. The parameters were calibrated for the highly sensitive parameters presented in previous studies. The P-factor, R-factor, $R^2$, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS), and average flow were used for the goodness-of-fit measures. The applicability of the model was evaluated by sequentially increasing the number of applied parameters from 4 to 11. In this study, 10-parameter set was accepted for calibration in consideration of goodness-of-fit measures. For the calibration period, P-factor was 0.85, R-factor was 1.76, $R^2$ was 0.51 and NS was 0.49. The model was validated using the adjusted ranges of selected parameters. For the validation period, P-factor was 0.78, R-factor was 1.60, $R^2$ was 0.60 and NS was 0.57.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2020

Although educational facilities are important considerations from a social equity standpoint, the educational environment generally found in rural areas has been continuously deteriorated due to numerous social problems following birth rate declines and school abolition numbers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the commuting accessibility changed by the abolition of elementary schools. The village-level accessibility is assessed following physical accessibility criteria based on legally defined commuting distances. Moreover, this study shows the implications of commuting accessibility by school district zones through comparing the minimum commuting distances with real commuting distance. The target area is the Gangwon state, the coverage area in which for schools is the widest in South Korea (44.1 ㎢/school). We evaluated the commuting distances to the nearest elementary school for 992 rural villages and 74 urban villages. Of the 1,066 villages in urban and rural areas evaluated, most of the villages (about 77%) are exposed to commutes to elementary schools were the marginal distance is over 1,000 meters. The annual rate of increase of commuting distance for 1,066 villages in Gangwon state has steadily increased by 2.8%p since 2000, average commuting distance from 2.8 km to 3.6 km. By the designation of the school districts, elementary school students have to go to a faraway school located within administrative district, even though there is a school nearby. It is expected that the results of this study will be made use of as basic data for the establishment of policies such as a reasonable basis for closing schools measurements considering the locally unique environment.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

본 연구는 전라북도 전주지역을 대상으로 비오톱 유형별 귀화식물의 분포특성을 파악하여 비오톱 보전 및 복원을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 2008년 5월부터 6월까지 비오톱 유형별로 식물상과 귀화식물을 조사하여 입지별 귀화율을 산정하였다. 조사결과 총 113과 525종의 식물이 조사되었고, 이 중 귀화식물은 총 19과 54종이 나타났다. 비오톱 유형중 입지별 귀화율이 가장 높게 나타난 곳은 농촌형 건천 유형에 속하는 하천으로 36.4%였고, 가장 낮게 나타난 곳은 산립지역 침엽수 자연립 유형으로서 귀화식물이 한 종도 조사되지 않았다. 전주지역의 전체 도사화지수는 18.9%로서 우리나라에서 중소규모 크기 도시의 도시화지수와 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.829-841
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• 2010

The estimation of a biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC, especially isoprene) and the influence of isoprene emissions on ozone concentrations in the Greater Busan Area (GBA) were carried out based on a numerical modeling approach during a high ozone episode. The BVOC emissions were estimated using a biogenic emission information system (BEIS v3.14) with vegetation data provided by the forest geographical information system (FGIS), land use data provided by the environmental geographical information system (EGIS), and meteorological data simulated by the MM5. Ozone simulation was performed by two sets of simulation scenarios: (1) without (CASE1) and (2) with isoprene emissions (CASE2). The isoprene emission (82 ton $day^{-1}$) in the GBA was estimated to be the most dominant BVOC followed by methanol (56) and carbon monoxide (28). Largest impacts of isoprene emissions on the ozone concentrations (CASE2-CASE1) were predicted to be about 4 ppb in inland locations where a high isoprene was emitted and to be about 2 ppb in the downwind and/or convergence regions of wind due to both the photochemical reaction of ozone precursors (e.g., high isoprene emissions) and meteorological conditions (e.g., local transport).

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2015

본 연구는 Landsat 영상을 활용하여 북한 주요도시의 토지이용변화에 따른 NDVI와 NDBI를 구하고 이를 차분화한 UI지수를 통한 공간성(LISA)을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 개성과 평양 모두 도시화의 정도는 커졌으나, 공간적 성향은 서로 상반된 것으로 나타났다. 북한의 핵심지역인 평양의 도시화 지수는 1994년부터 개성보다 더 빠른 추세로 진행되고 있었고 기존 도심에서 주변으로 점차 확장되어 도시 전반적으로 시가화 개발이 이뤄지고 있었다. 반면 개성의 경우 NDVI 수치의 변화폭이 많은 점 등으로 미뤄볼 때 기존의 산림과 같은 식생지역을 개발하여 시가지로 확장되는 패턴으로 하나의 지역에서 집중적으로 도시화가 이루어지고 있었다. 본 연구결과 UI와 LISA 분석만으로도 북한의 도시화 정도와 공간적 특성을 파악하는데 필요한 자료의 추출이 가능함과 동시에 향후 북한의 도시변화와 정치적 영향력이 어떠한 형태로 변화되는지 등의 공간성을 파악하는데 유용한 방법론을 제시 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.