• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 1984

Jisimdo is an island where evergreen broadleaved forests are well preserved. Soil environments and forest structures of Jisimdo were investigated, and an actual vegetation map and profile diagrams were drawn out. The natural vegetation of Jisimdo was divided into two stand units, one was evergreen broadleaved forest and the other was Pinus thunbergii forest. 26 species were identified as evergreen broadoeaved trees, and among them, Camellia japonica was the dominont of the tree layer of evergreen broadleaved forest. Profile diagram shows that Camellia japonica, with average height of 7∼8m, formed lower tree layer, and laurels like Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus thunbergii, and Neolitsea sericea formed upper tree layer. In Pinus thunbergii forest, plants of shrub and herb layers were abundant because of much light penetrated into the forest floor, and these layers were largely composed of evergreen broadleaved trees. This fact shows the possibility of succession from Pinus thunbergii forest into evergreen broadleaved forest. Jisimdo is geographically adjacent to Jangseungpo and Okpo, and this increases the economic value of Jisimdo as a place of public resort. It will be necessary from being destroyed by land development and human interferences.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.32-34
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the total amount of carbon stored in the aboveground, belowground tree biomass, dead trees, and organic matter in the forest floor and soil of the 36-year-old Pinus rigida stands in Muju. A total of three plots were selected to measure the carbon stored in live trees, dead trees, forest floor, and soil. Results showed that the carbon stocks of P. rigida stands amounted to 51.0 ton C/ha in aboveground biomass and 29.6 ton C/ha in belowground biomass. The distribution ratios of carbon stocks were as follows: 41.0% in stem wood, 36.8% in roots, 12.8% in branches, 6.0% in stem bark and 3.4% in foliage. The carbon stocks in dead tree amounted to 0.65 ton C/ha while it was 6.40 ton C/ha in organic matter in forest floor. The total amount of carbon stocks found in soil was 51.62 ton C/ha: 20.27 ton C/ha at 0~10 cm depth, 12.83 ton C/ha at 10~20 cm depth, 12.27 ton C/ha at 20~30 cm depth, and 6.24 ton C/ha at 30~50 cm depth. It was also observed that, as the soil depth increased, the soil carbon stocks tended to decrease. Results showed that the total amount of carbon stocks of P. rigida stands in Muju was 139.27 ton C/ha; the highest portion of the cumulative carbon stocks was found to be in soil at 37.1%, followed by the aboveground biomass with 36.6%, belowground biomass with 21.3%, forest floor with 4.6 % and dead trees with 0.5 %. This study is expected to provide forest managers accurate estimates of carbon stored in the habitat of P. rigida stands in Muju.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

The organic carbon (OC) distribution of Pinus densiflora forest in Songgye valley at Mt. Worak National Park were studied as a part of the National Long-Term Ecological Research in Korea. In order to investigate the OC distribution, OC in plant biomass, litterfall, litter layer on forest floor, and soil were estimated. The density of P. densiflora forest was 1,300 trees/ha, average DBH was $15.2{\pm}6.17\;cm$ and average tree height was $10.7{\pm}2.56\;m$. The shrub layer was dominated by shrubby Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus sieboldiana and lndigofera kirilowii with low frequency, and herb layer was dominated by Pteridium aquilinum and Miscanthus sinensis. Total amount of OC stored in this pine forest was 142.78 ton C/ha. Organic carbon stored in soil and plant biomass accounted for 59.2% and 37.8%, respectively. Amount of OC distributed in trees, shrubs, herbs and litter layer in this pine forest was 51.79, 2.03, 0.12 and 4.29 ton C/ha, respectively. Amount of OC returned to forest floor via litterfall was $1.50\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased along the soil depth. Total amount of SOC within 50cm soil depth was $84.55\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}\;50\;cm-depth^{-1}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.609-617
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate ecological indicators of forest degradation after forest fire and clear-cutting in the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) stand of Mongolia. The species abundance and biodiversity indices were higher in burned and clear-cut stands than those of reference stand, but boreal understory species, such as Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pyrola incarnata, Linnea borealis and Maianthemum bifolium, completely disappeared and was replaced by sedge species, such as Carex duriuscula, C. lanceolata, C. pediformis, Poa attenuata and P. pratensis. During the research period, temperature increased by an average of $1.6^{\circ}C$ in burned stand and $1.7^{\circ}C$ in clear-cut stand compared to reference stand, but RH sharply decreased up to 15.7% in clear-cut stand. This result indicates that Larix sibirica stand became warmer and drier after forest fire and clear-cutting, and contributed to the abundance of sedge and grass species in the understory. Moreover, intense occupation of tall sedge grass after forest fire and clear-cutting had a vital role as obstacle on natural regeneration of Larix sibirica. The similarity of species composition between reference and burned stands was higher (73.6%) than between reference and clear-cut stands (63.8%). Soil moisture significantly decreased after forest fire and clear-cutting, and the extent of decrease was more severe in the clear-cut stand. The chemical properties at soil organic layer were significantly affected by forest fire and clear-cutting but not the mineral horizons. Inorganic nitrogen of the forest floor significantly decreased in the clear-cut stand ($1.1{\pm}0.4mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) than that of the burned ($4.5{\pm}2.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) and reference stands ($5.0{\pm}2.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). Available P of the forest floor significantly increased after fire, whereas it decreased after clear-cutting. These results indicate that existence of boreal understory vegetation, and changes in soil moisture and available P are distinct attributes applicable as ecological indicators for identifying forest degradation in Mongolia.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of the conversion of the forest management type from a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest to an artificial evergreen coniferous forest based on organic matter dynamics. We investigated the amounts and carbon contents of the forest floor and the litterfall, soil chemical characteristics and cellulose decomposition rates in the natural deciduous broad-leaved forest and adjacent artificial evergreen coniferous forest. In the artificial evergreen coniferous forest were planted Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) on the upper slope and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) on the lower slope. The soil carbon and nitrogen contents, CEC and microbial activity had decreased due to the conversion of the forest management type from a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest to an artificial Japanese cypress forest, and were almost the same for the conversion to a Japanese cedar forest. Under the same conditions, it is considered that the soil fertility was different by planting specific tree species because the organic matter dynamics were changed by them.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

Background: Standing biomass, litter production, rate of litter decomposition, amount of litter on forest floor, and amount of soil organic carbon distribution were investigated from March 2016 to November 2018 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value through organic carbon distribution in the Pinus densiflora forest at Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City. Results: The amount of organic carbon in the Pinus densiflora forest was 261.09 ton C ha^-1 during the research period, and fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 3.2 ton C ha^-1 year^-1. The organic carbon in plant was 62.77 ton C ha^-1 (24.04%), in litter on the forest floor was 3.65 ton C ha^-1 (1.40%), and in soil was 194.67 ton C ha^-1 (74.56%). The value of plant, litter on forest floor, and soil organic carbon distribution were each 6,277,000 won ha^-1, 365, 000 won ha^-1, and 19,467,000 won ha^-1. The value per ton of fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 320,000 won ha^-1 year^-1 and the value of ecosystem services stored in carbon in the Namsan forest ecosystem was about 26.1 million won ha^-1 for 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the pine forests of Namsan rapidly decompose leaves due to the high atmospheric temperature and accumulate a large amount of organic carbon in the soil to provide climate control regulatory service function.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2014

This study examined the change in carbon (C) storage of soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris (CWD) for different thinning intensities in Pinus densiflora stands 4 years after the treatment. Two study stands were located in Jeongseon (Stand 1) and Gwangneung Experiment Forest (Stand 2). Three plots for different thinning intensities based on stand density were established at each stand in 2008; control plot (0%), T20 plot (20%) and T30 plot (30%) in Stand 1 and control plot (0%), T39 plot (39%) and T74 plot (74%) in Stand 2, respectively. The C storage of soil (0-50 cm), forest floor and CWD was measured in 2012. Total C storage of T30 plot ($109.80t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) was significantly higher than that of control plot ($86.69t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) in Stand 1. In stand 2, total C storage of T74 plot ($97.02t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) was significantly higher than that of control plot ($72.04t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and T39 plot ($63.25t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). Total C storage of the heaviest thinned plot was the highest in each study stand. Since this study examined initial effects of thinning on C storage of soil, forest floor and CWD, further studies would be necessary to evaluate the long-term effects.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.189.2-189
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2003

Patterns of mass loss and nutrient release from decomposing oak (Quercus mongolica) and mixed litters (Q. mongolica, Betula schmidtii, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Kalopanx pictus and Tilia amurensis) in a natural hardwood forest in Gyebangsan (Mt.) were examined using litterbags placed on the forest floor for 869 days. Mass loss rates from decomposing litter were consistently higher in mixed litter (59%) than in oak litter types (52%) during the study period. Nutrient concentrations such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) from decomposing litter were also higher in mixed litter than in oak litter types. Nutrient concentrations (N, P, Ca, and Mg) increased compared with initial concentration of litter, while K concentrations dropped rapidly at the first 5 months and then stabilized. The results suggest that mas loss and nutrient release obtained from decomposing litter of single species in mixed hardwood forest ecosystem should be applied with caution because of the potential differences of mass loss and nutrient release between single litter and mixed litter types.