• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

It introduces the contents of establishing a geostationary satellite-based forest fire monitoring system that can monitor areas of the Korean Peninsula 24 hours a day for forest fire monitoring, and describes how to establish a forest fire monitoring system and use it in various ways. In order to establish a satellite-utilized forest fire monitoring system, we will describe and draw conclusions on literature research, technical principles, forest fire monitoring means, and satellite forest fire monitoring system. The satellite-utilized forest fire monitoring system can consist of one geostationary satellite equipped with infrared detection optical sensors and a ground processing station that processes data received from satellites to spread surveillance information. Forest fire monitoring satellites are located in the country's geostationary orbit and should be operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a day. Forest fire monitoring technology is an infrared detection technology that can be used in national public interests such as forest fire monitoring and national security. It should be operated 24 hours a day, and to satisfy this, it is efficient to establish a geostationary satellite-based forest fire monitoring satellite system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.116-130
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• 2019

In South Korea, forest fire occurrences are increasing in size and duration due to various factors such as the increase in fuel materials and frequent drying conditions in forests. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the damage caused by forest fires by appropriately providing the probability of forest fire risk. The purpose of this study is to improve the Daily Weather Index(DWI) provided by the current forest fire forecasting system in South Korea. A new Fire Risk Index(FRI) is proposed in this study, which is provided in a 5km grid through the synergistic use of numerical weather forecast data, satellite-based drought indices, and forest fire-prone areas. The FRI is calculated based on the product of the Fine Fuel Moisture Code(FFMC) optimized for Korea, an integrated drought index, and spatio-temporal weighting approaches. In order to improve the temporal accuracy of forest fire risk, monthly weights were applied based on the forest fire occurrences by month. Similarly, spatial weights were applied using the forest fire density information to improve the spatial accuracy of forest fire risk. In the time series analysis of the number of monthly forest fires and the FRI, the relationship between the two were well simulated. In addition, it was possible to provide more spatially detailed information on forest fire risk when using FRI in the 5km grid than DWI based on administrative units. The research findings from this study can help make appropriate decisions before and after forest fire occurrences.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

This study was carried out to obtain the basic model to estimate damage degree from the correlation analysis between forest fire and site environment factors and to clarify the restoration trends thorough multi-temporal survey by observing species diversity followed by various treatments at damaged forest area over time. From the derived model, the damage degree of forest fire was higher in the area of dense coniferous stands composed of simple story at the elevation of about 100m and 200m, and on steeper slope area over 30 degree. As results of this study, fire damaged trees are needed to cut down and a mixed stand with deciduous and coniferous species from the same area is desirable for the future species composition on fire damaged forest. Thus, site characteristics, local species, and mixed stands are the main consideration to enhance the vegetation recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.54-67
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• 2014

This study was performed to estimate Greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions from biomass burning at large forest fire(Ulju, Pohang and Bonghwa) in 2013. The extended methodology to estimate GHGs adopted the IPCC(Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines(2006) equation. For classifying fire damaged area and analyzing burn severity of total three large-fire area damaged, this study used post-fire imagery from Rapideye imagery to compute the Maximum Likelihood Classifiction (MLC). The result of accuracy assessment on burn severity from imagery showed that average overall accuracy was 75.93% and Kapp coefficient was 0.67 Finally, GHGs emissions from biomass burning in the three large-fire area 2013 were estimated as follows: Ulju $CO_2$ 63,260, CO 5.207, $CH_4$ 360, $N_2O$ 28.0 and $NO_x$ $4.4g/kg^{-1}{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, Pohang $CO_2$ 28,675, CO 2.359, $CH_4$ 163, $N_2O$ 12.7 and $NO_x$ $1.9g/kg^{-1}{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ and Bonghwa $CO_2$ 53,086, CO 1,655, $CH_4$ 114, $N_2O$ 23.5 and $NO_x$ $3.6g/kg^{-1}{\cdot}ha^{-1}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

It is necessary to examine relationship between spatial patterns of forest types and characteristics of forest fires for efficient management of fire and forest. By the ecoregions of South Korea, we computed landscape indices for whole types of forests(landscape level) and pine forests(class level), and analyzed characteristics of forest fires using statistics of forest fires from 1991 to 2006. We performed canonical correlation analysis to model the relationship between the landscape indices and the statistics of forest fires. At landscape level, forest patches were larger and more complex in the ecoregions which had higher percentage of forest area. At class level, pine forest patches were more complex and closer to neighbor patches in the coastal ecoregions. The ecoregions including metropolitan areas and cities had more frequent fire occurrences per 1,000ha, while mountainous coastal ecoregions had more burned areas and faster spread of fire growth rate. The canonical correlation between the landscape indices for pine forests and the statistics of forest fires was statistically significant at the 0.05 level and explained more than 70% of the variation in fire variables. The results showed that combustion time per fire was longer in the ecoregions which had larger and more aggregated pine forest patches.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

This research deals with the combustion experiment of pine trees, which are the most representative species in Korea. Experimental data are compared with theoretical ones using Fire Simulation Program(FDS). It is considered that horizontal/vertical temperature distribution and radiant heat influence on adjacent areas in fire scenes. The linear function for separation distance to temperature was drawn by applying Stefan-Boltzmann's law; $y=112.13133{\times}({\sigma}T^4)^{-0.52916}$ for calculating the separation distance. In combustion experiment, the radiant heat came to $1.4{\sim}1.5kW/m^2$ in case of the separation distance by one meter. The numerical values mean that human body show the critical level of pain after one minute without a protective equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.917-935
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• 2020

In this study, an automated sensor to measure forest fire surface fuel moistures was developed to predict changes in the moisture content and risk of forest fire surface fuel, which was indicators of forest fire occurrence and spread risk. This measurement sensor was a method of automatically calculating the moisture content of forest fire surface fuel by electric resistance. The proxy of forest fire surface fuel used in this sensor is pine (50 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter), and the relationship between moisture content and electrical resistance, R(R:Electrical resistance)=2E(E:Exponent of 10)+13X(X:Moisture content)-9.705(R²=0.947) was developed. In addition, using this, the software and case of the automated measurement sensor for forest fire surface fuel moisture were designed to produce a prototype, and the suitability (R²=0.824) was confirmed by performing field monitoring verification in the forest. The results of this study would contribute to develop technologies that can predict the occurrence, spread and intensity of forest fires, and are expected to be used as basic data for advanced forest fire risk forecasting technologies.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_2
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• pp.669-683
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• 2022

The frequency and damage of forest fires have tended to increase over the past 20 years. In order to effectively respond to forest fires, information on forest fire damage should be well managed. However, information on the extent of forest fire damage is not well managed. This study attempted to present a method that extracting information on the area of forest fire in real time and quasi-real-time using visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) images. VIIRS data observing the Korean Peninsula were obtained and visualized at the time of the East Coast forest fire in March 2022. VIIRS images were classified without supervision using iterative self-organizing data analysis (ISODATA) algorithm. The results were reclassified using the relationship between the burned area and the location of the flame to extract the extent of forest fire. The final results were compared with verification and comparison data. As a result of the comparison, in the case of large forest fires, it was found that classifying and extracting VIIRS images was more accurate than estimating them through forest fire occurrence data. This method can be used to create spatial data for forest fire management. Furthermore, if this research method is automated, it is expected that daily forest fire damage monitoring based on VIIRS will be possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of forest management activities on canopy fuel characteristics for Pinus densiflora stands in South Korea. We used 1,085 managed stands data and 349 unmanaged stands data of the National Forest Inventory for this study, and it was estimated by using the Weibull function for the growth of stand and canopy fuel characteristics. Comparing the canopy fuel characteristics for the managed stands and unmanaged stands shows that the average canopy fuel load is about 14% higher than that of managed stands, and the canopy bulk density is also approximately 16% higher. The results of comparing growth projections for 40 years, 50 years and 60 years with the Weibull function are as follows: Over time, managed stands was predicted the maximum number of medium and large class diameter, while unmanaged stands was predicted maximum number of small and medium class diameter. From a fire fuel perspective, unmanaged stands are predicted to be of the type small class diameter and high density, which is a good condition for crown fire. In addition, Canopy fuel load, Canopy bulk density is relatively higher than managed stands, indicating that the possibility of high crown fire hazard.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.426-429
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• 2011

산불 발생 시 진화를 위해 사용되는 주력 지상 진화장비 중 동력펌프 2종과 진화 차량을 대상으로 수원지로부터 발화 지점까지 진화거리에 따른 주요 성능을 측정하였다. 성능 측정은 분당 토출량, 토출 최대압력, 수평 분사거리, 수직 분사거리의 4개 항목이었으며, 노즐의 종류에 따른 영향을 동시에 고려하였다. 산불 진화 시 적정 거리를 측정한 결과 소형펌프의 경우 600m, 중형펌프의 경우 800~1000m 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 분당 토출량은 3가지 펌프 모두 50m에서 1000m로 연결할 경우 52~62% 감소가 일어나며, 최대 토출압력은 26~30% 상승되어 부하 발생시 고압호스의 파손 우려도 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 실험을 통해 소형펌프의 경우는 주 산불진화에 적합하지 않으며, 중형펌프의 경우 고압호스의 성능에 따라서 1000m이상의 거리에서도 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.