• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

This research analyzed synthetically the characteristic of forest helicopter, fire helicopter, civil helicopter and deployment assets are in operated in forest fire places of our country. Looking at arrangement of helicopter, Chung-buk, Jeonnam has a number of outbreak a forest fire rather than others but it is weak of initial fire attack by a gap of helicopter arrangement. Geong-gi has many helicopter while it is a relatively few outbreak of a helicopter. According to this, We read to consider that Gang-won need to rent more a helicopters and civil helicopter in each weak areas by government expense. In addition Dae-jeon, Chung-buk and Jeon-nam need arrangement of helicopter after secure rental budget. Especially, Dae-jeon need to consider opening base of fire helicopter.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2017

Tropical forests play a key role for functioning of the planet and maintenance of life. These forests support more than half of the world's species, serve as regulators of global and regional climate, act as carbon sinks and provide valuable ecosystem services. Forest floor biomass and litterfall dynamics was measured in different sites influenced by fire in a seasonally dry tropical forest of Bhoramdeo wildlife sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India. The forest floor biomass was collected randomly placed quadrats while the litterfall measured by placing stone-block lined denuded quadrat technique. The seasonal mean total forest floor biomass across the fire regimes varied from $2.00-3.65t\;ha^{-1}$. The total litterfall of the study sites varied from $4.75-7.56t\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Annual turnover of litter varied from 70-74% and the turnover time between 1.35-1.43 years. Monthly pattern of forest floor biomass indicated that partially decayed litter, wood litter and total forest floor were differed significantly. The seasonal variation showed that leaf fall differed significantly in winter season only among the fire regimes while the wood litter was found non significant in all the season. This study shows that significant variation among the site due to the forest fire. Decomposition is one of the ecological processes critical to the functioning of forest ecosystems. The decomposing wood serves as a saving account of nutrients and organic materials in the forest floor. Across the site, high fire zone was facing much of the deleterious effects on forest floor biomass and litter production. Control on such type of wildfire and anthropogenic ignition could allow the natural recovery processes to enhance biological diversity. Chronic disturbances do not provide time for ecosystem recovery; it needs to be reduced for ecosystem health and maintaining of the high floral and faunal biodiversity.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_4
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• pp.1341-1350
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• 2019

This research deals with algorithm for forest fire severity classification using multi-temporal KOMPSAT-3A image to mapping forest fire areas. The recent satellite of the KOMPSAT series, KOMPSAT-3A, demonstrates high resolution and multi-spectral imagery with infrared and high resolution electro-optical bands. However, there is a lack of research to classify forest fire severity using KOMPSAT-3A. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze forest fire severity using KOMPSAT-3A images. In addition, this research used pre-fire and post-fire Sentinel-2 with differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to taking for burn severity distribution map. To test the effectiveness of the proposed procedure on April 4, 2019, Gangneung wildfires were considered as a case study. This research used the probability density function for the classification of forest fire damage severity based on R software, a free software environment of statistical computing and graphics. The burn severities were estimated by changing NDVI before and after forest fire. Furthermore, standard deviation of probability density function was used to calculate the size of each class interval. A total of five distribution of forest fire severity were effectively classified.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

A forest fire was one of the huge disasters and damaged human lifes and a properties. Therefore, many countries operated forest fire forecasting systems which developed from forest fire records, weather data, fuel models and etc. And many countries also estimated future state of forest fire using a long-term climate forecasting like GCMs and prepared resources for future huge disasters. In this study, we analyzed relationships between forest fire occurrence and meteorological factors (the minimum temperature ($^{\circ}C$), the relative humidity (%), the precipitation (mm), the duration of sunshine (hour) and etc.) for developing a estimating tools, which could forecast forest fire regime under future climate change condition. Results showed that forest fires in this area were mainly occurred when the maximum temperature was $10{\sim}200^{\circ}C$, when the relative humidity was 40~60%, and when the average wind speed was under 2m/s. And forest fires mainly occurred at 2~3 day after rainfall.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of the forest fire, considering the topography and the forest, for establishing disaster prevention measures of cultural heritage, Uireung, over in Cheonjang-mountain. To do that, we estimate the occurrence and spread of the forest fire over in Cheonjang-mountain through a forest fire probability model(logistic regression), using the space characteristic data($100m{\times}100m$). The factor, occurrence of the forest fire, are diameter class, southeast, southwest, south, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forest. We assume the probability of the fire forest in each point as follow : [1+exp{-(-4.8081-(0.02453*diameter class)+(0.6608*southeast)+(0.507*southwest)+(0.7943*south)+(0.29498*coniferous forest)+(0.28897*deciduous forest)+(0.17788*mixed forest))}]$^{-1}$. To divide dangerous zone of the big forest fire, we make the basic materials for disaster prevention measures, through the map of coniferous forests, deciduous forests, and mixed forest. The damage of cultural heritage caused by a forest fire will be reduced through the effective preventive measures, by forecast a forest fire to using this study.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.26-31
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• 2010

In this study, attack process and aerial control line construction type which were considered forest fire type and a case of operations were suggested using the experience of aerial fire attack of all type of forest fires. As the spread rate of forest fire is effected by terrain, slope, wind speed, forest species and etc., we needed to analyze spreading direction, behavior type and intensity before heli-team constructed a aerial control line. Especially, It is important to consider safety of attack team as a their views were obstructed. In this study, we suggested a 13 methods from type A to type M about attack and construction of aerial indirect control line.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.28-41
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• 2009

Because fire has significant impacts on fauna and flora in forest ecosystems, as well as socioeconomic influences to local community, it has been an important field of study for decades. One of the most common ways to reduce fire risk is to enhance fire-resilience of forest through fuel treatments including thinning and prescribed burning. Since fuel treatment can't be practiced over all forested areas, appropriate and effective strategies are needed. The present study aims to look at the relationship between spatial characteristics of forest structure measured with landscape pattern metrics and burn severity to provide guidelines for effective fuel treatments. Samchuck fire was selected for the study, and 232 grids covering the study areas were generated, and the grid size was 1km. The burn severity is measured with dNBR derived from satellite imagery, and spatial characteristics of forest structure were measured using FRAGSTATS for both landscape and class levels for each 1km grid. The results of this study strongly indicated that heterogeneity in composition and configuration of forests may significantly reduce burn severity. By enhancing heterogeneity of forests, fuel treatments for fire-resilience forest could be more effective.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2014

Understanding the forest fire patterns is necessary to comprehend the stability of the forest ecosystems. Thus, researchers have suggested the simulation models to mimic the forest fire spread dynamics, which enables us to predict the forest damage in the scenarios that are difficult to be experimentally tested in laboratory scale. However, many of the models have the limitation that many of them did not consider the complicated environmental factors, such as fuel types, wind, and moisture. In this study, we suggested a simple model with the factors, especially, the geomorphological structure of the forest and two types of fuel. The two fuels correspond to susceptible tree and resistant tree with different probabilities of transferring fire. The trees were randomly distributed in simulation space at densities ranging from 0.5 (low) to 1.0 (high). The susceptible tree had higher value of the probability than the resistant tree. Based on the number of burnt trees, we then carried out the sensitivity analysis to quantify how the forest fire patterns are affected by the structure and tree density. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 1997

Changes on soil physical and chemical properties following the forest fire in Kosung area in Kangwon province were examined. Twenty seven sampling plots[16 burned (8 low intensity fire, 8 high intensity fire) and 11 unburned plots] from Pinus densiflora community were chosen and soil samples from three depths(0-5, 5-15, 15-25 cm) under the forest floor were collected. Forest fire in the area affected soil chemical properties. Soil pH, available phosphorus, base saturation, K, Ca, and Mg on the surface soil(0-5cm) in the burned areas compared with the unburned areas were increased, while soil properties on the subsurface soil(5-25 cm) were not changed. Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations following the high in tensity fire on the surface soil were generally lower than those in the low intensity fire areas. This indicates that these nutrients on high intensity fire areas may be volatilized. The results suggest that the fire effects on soil chemical properties were confined mainly to the surface soil and were different between the high and the low intensity fire types.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.1966-1971
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• 2011

Generally, the characteristics of the conductor that was affected by forest fire can be analyzed only when the forest fire is accurately modeled and its effect is identified. Few studies have been conducted with a forest fire model for transmission lines, and no results of the examination of the actual test specimens that were exposed to forest fire have been reported. As the deterioration characteristics of a forest fire are difficult to analyze in the actual field, an environment that was similar to that in the field was used in this study. Deterioration was deposited on a wire using an artificial flame experiment device, to analysis the temperature, surface and component characteristics. It seems that this analysis data in this study can be used as the basic data for the database that can be utilized to analyze wires exposed to forest fire and deterioration and to predict the ACSR wire refurnishment life.