• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2012

This study was carried out in Gana Resettlement and Integrated Development (GRID) Project as a pioneer model for Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) in Sabah, Malaysia. The GRID project is developed to improve community livelihood as well as to promote community involvement in CBFM and at the same time to lessen community encroachment and traditional farming practices inside the forest conservation area. The objectives of this study are: (i) to identify the dependency of local community on forest resources; (ii) to examine local community's roles in conserving forest resources and, (iii) to analyze their views on GRID project in conserving forest. Interviews were conducted with randomly selected 130 households at the GRID project using semi structured questionnaires comprising closed and open-ended questions. The study reveals that community dependency on forest resources have lessened after the resettlement of the GRID project. The community shows positive perspective on their contribution for conserving the forest resources. However, the community's willingness to contribute as well as their real contribution can be further improved. The study recommends the government to create more effective training and relevant activities to improve the livelihood of community as well as to increase their positive perception on forest conservation efforts. Further research to strengthen the relationship between local community and forest governance through forest conservation is also recommended.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2013

The correlation between disturbance intensity and stand development was evaluated on the basis of natural forest community type classification in areas of Baekhaksan (more disturbed area) and Hwangaksan (less disturbed area). The vegetation data were collected by point-centered quarter sampling method, and they were subjected to cluster analysis for classifying community types and to analysis of species composition and species diversity for reviewing ecological characteristics. By the method of cluster analysis, natural forests of Baekhaksan were classified into Quercus forest community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. variabilis community, and Q. mongolica community. Those of Hwangaksan were divided into P. densiflora community, Q. mongolica community, Q. forest community, and Mixed mesophytic community. It is presumed that more developed and less disturbed forest area shows multiple species community pattern and more diversified structure than less developed and more disturbed forest area. In Korean peninsula, the abundance of red pine may play an important indicator to estimate the developmental pattern of the forest after artificial disturbance. The overall evaluation indicated that less disturbed Hwangaksan area had more developed stand pattern with mixed mesophytic community, more complicated species composition, and higher species diversity than Baekhaksan area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.579-588
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explain relationship between community structure and their environment variables in Mt. Hwaak. Samples were collected by 101 plots using ZM phytosociological method and followed by cluster, importance value and canonical correspondence analysis. The forest vegetation classified into 8 community types such as Pinus densiflora community, Berberis amurensis community, Betula ermani community, Betula schmidtii community, Larix leptolepis community, Pinus koraiensis community, Cornus controversa community and Salix koreensis community. Altitude was considered as the highest factor correlated to the community types. Berberis amurensis community and Betula ermani community were located in upper slope area of high elevation, Comus controversa community and Salix koreensis community in valley area, and Pinus densiflora community in ridge area, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.736-743
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• 2010

This study examined the ecological attributes of classified forest community by cluster analysis in the mixed forest of Mt. Seokbyung Experimental Forest of Gangwon-Do. The vegetation data were collected in randomly established 51 sample plots (2.04 ha) and analysis adopted the cluster analysis, importance value index, and Shannon's diversity index. Main results were as follows; 1) the study area was classified into 4 clusters (A, B, C and D). 2) The cluster A was dominated by Pinus densiflora with an importance value of 71.6%. The most dominant species in the cluster B and cluster C were Larix leptolepis (57.1%) and Quercus mongolica (40.2%), respectively. Finally, The cluster D was dominated by P. densiflora (30.6%) and Q. mongolica (31.0%) with the mixed forest. 3) In the P. densiflora community (cluster A), distribution of DBH class showed a reverse J-shaped curve. In the L. leptolepis community (cluster B), individuals of dominant species had the bell-shaped distribution. Oak species indicated uniform distribution of DBH class (under 25 cm) in the mixed P. densiflora - Q. mongolica community (cluster D). 4) The species diversity index of the communities in descending order were: Pinus densiflora - Q. mongolica community > Larix leptolepis community > Pinus densiflora community > Quercus mongolica community.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2021

The basic for the achievement of the community forestry rests within the Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs). They are responsible to establish good governance, sustainable forest management and improve people's livelihoods. The study aimed to assess the governance score prevailing in CFUGs using stratified random sampling. Our study shows the governance score of 64.17% in community forests with highest 73.94% in Bhotechaur community forest and lowest 56.60% in Tinkanya community forest. Among the eight elements of good governance, consensus-oriented was found highest while responsiveness was lowest in the study area. Further, the independent variables such as well-being ranking (χ²=21.695, df=6, p<0.01), source of income (χ²=20.474, df=6, p<0.01) and education status (χ²=17.450, df=6, p<0.01) has significant impact on governance. Based upon the findings, it is very clear that good governance in CFs are more than average but still not up to the mark. Finally, it calls for rethinking that involving all the stakeholders during planning phases delineating the responsibility and power for correspondents can make possible in achieving sustainability in community forest.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.405-413
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• 2015

We classified the streamside plant community by phyto-sociological method and analyzed the relationship between environment factors and vegetation structure by using the classification and ordination method. We found that twenty one plant communities were classified according to dominant species at the natural streamside valley forest with surveying the 65 quadrats (10 m × 10 m). From the survey results, the hardwood plant communities were classified as streamside valley forest and the softwood plant communities as riparian forest according to the degree of flooding. The valley forest had a distribution of 17 plant communities which was 65% (42 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Maackia amurensis community, Betula davurica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. serrata community, Prunus sargentii community, and Meliosma oldhamii community etc. The riparian forest had a distribution of four plant communities which was 35% (23 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Salix koreensis community, S. rorida community, S. purpurea var. japonica community, and S. glandulosa community, etc. From the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) analysis, we found indicator species Oplismenus undulatifolius and Lindera obtusiloba for the streamside valley forest and Humulus japonicus, Phragmites japonica, and S. koreensis for the riparian forest. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), coordinates, altitude, and stream structure showed low correlation to the distribution of the plant community. Therefore, it seemed that valley forest and riparian forest were distinguished by the stream gradient and waterway width which determined by the stream water level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the actual vegetation and plant community structure of the urban forest in Kwangju Metropolitan City. Thirty eight plots in the urban forest were set up by the clumped sampling method. The degree of green naturality, 6 that is artifical planting area covered 10.9% in Kwangju Metropolitan City and Pinus densiflora community covered 48.7% of the actual vegetations of urban forest. Canopy height, Diameter of breast height (DBH) and No. of species in urban forest were 13.5m, 21cm and 24 species, respectively. The soil conditions and community structure of the urban forest were differenced by location of urban and suburban area. The plant communities divided into six groups which were Quercus acutissima community, Q. acutissima-Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Pinus rigida Community, P. rigida-P. densiflora community, P. densifrora-Q. acutissima community and Q, serrata-P. densiflora community. Successional series of the urban forest in the surveyed area were proceeding from P. dinsiflora to Quercus species. The species diversity of plant were high in natural plant community but low in artificial plant community. Tree density in the canopy layer varied from 600ea/ha to 2,800ea/ha.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

This study was conducted to build frameworks for a guideline of community forest projects with respect to ODA of Korea (Official Development Assistant) in forest fields. Community forestry is a worldwide phenomenon which began in developing countries such as Nepal, Gambia, Guinea, and Indonesia and has been gradually recognized as an effective measure for ODA in forestry areas from ODA/DAC countries and the other international donors. This study investigated types of community forest status, mechanisms of community forest project conducted by ODA/DAC countries or the other international donors, and CFM (Community Forest management) success factors. As a result of our study, there are different types of resource users, having different economic and social status, perspectives, knowledge systems, values, understandings and objectives in community based forestry. Consequently, the clear forest tenure systems enabling communities to get motivated for the projects, the most appropriate agroforestry systems in different countries, capability of community to manage forest and etc must be considered carefully when the community forest project are implemented for ODA of Korea in order to gain successful results from ODA in forestry fields.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

This study was carried out in degraded and non-degraded community forests (CF) in the Terai region of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A total of 63 concentric sample plots each of 500 ㎡ was laid in the inventory for estimating above and below-ground biomass of forests by using systematic random sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.5%. Mallotus philippinensis and Shorea robusta were the most dominant species in degraded and non-degraded CF accounting Importance Value Index (I.V.I) of 97.16 and 178.49, respectively. Above-ground tree biomass carbon in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 74.64±16.34 t ha^-1 and 163.12±20.23 t ha^-1, respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 42.55±3.10 t ha^-1 and 54.21±3.59 t ha^-1, respectively. Hence, the estimated total carbon stock was 152.68±22.95 t ha^-1 and 301.08±27.07 t ha^-1 in degraded and non-degraded community forests, respectively. It was found that the carbon sequestration in the non-degraded community forest was 1.97 times higher than in the degraded community forest. CO₂ equivalent in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 553 t ha^-1 and 1105 t ha^-1, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between degraded and non-degraded community forests in terms of its total biomass and carbon sequestration potential (p<0.05). Studies indicate that the community forest has huge potential and can reward economic benefits from carbon trading to benefit from the REDD⁺/CDM mechanism by promoting the sustainable conservation of community forests.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-102
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• 1992

The forest of kadok islet was investigated from aug. 1 1990 through oct. 30, 1990. The results obtained are summarized as follow : a floristic community. Most of the investigated area is occupied by arable land and pinus thunbergii forest, quercus serrata forest with only small area of camellia japonica forest of the eastern units. pinus thunbergii community subunit : eurya japonica rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum elaeagnus umbellata typical quercus serrata community subunit : stephanandra incisa rhus chinensis typical quercus autissima community camellia japonica community zelkova serrata-acer mono community carpinus coreana community