• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.555-560
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• 2018

This study conducted to analyze the growth characteristics of old Prunus yedoensis on Jeju island. The diameter growth per year was measured using a DTRS-2000 instrument. The DBH, ground DBH and height of the investigated P. yedoensis were 137 cm, 143 cm, and 15.5 m, respectively. Our analysis showed that the age of the old P. yedoensis was 93 years. An annual diameter growth of $2.85mm{\pm}0.96$ was observed. The result of age estimation, about $265{\pm}64$ years in P. yedoensis on Jeju island. This information could be useful to understand the annual diameter growth characteristics the P. yedoensis distributed on Jeju island.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

This study was conducted to distribution characteristic of root diameter class between natural and planted stands of one-age class in Pinus densiflora for. eracta in Gangwon. Root development presented that 0.5-2.0 mm diameter class was large part in total root number and length but 0.5-2.0 mm diameter class have a low distribution in each stand. Below 5.0 mm diameter class between natural and planted stands observed outstanding natural stand more than planted stand, but reverse over 5.0 mm diameter class. Root development depending on soil level of vertical and horizontal was presented various natural stand more than planted stand because root distribution of planted stand was concentrated low soil level in 10 cm of soil depth and 20 cm of soil horizontal layer. We can understand that the root distribution presented different between natural and planted stand, therefore this result can used as a basic information for correct of outplanting.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.163-169
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• 2021

Background: Understanding the habitat characteristics of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans is the first step in conserving and managing the forests it requires for nesting, gliding, and feeding. Therefore, in the present study, we characterized the habitats of P. volans using GIS analysis of 411 forest sites in South Korea where fecal droppings were found. Results: Fecal signs of P. volans were found in various regions in South Korea, including the Baekdudaegan Mountains. GIS analysis with six environmental layers (vegetation type, wood-age class, diameter at breast height [DBH], crown density, elevation, and distance from stream) revealed that fecal signs of P. volans were more frequently found in broad-leaved deciduous forests (42%) located 200-399 m above sea level (43.1%) and 0-199 m from the nearest stream (53%), with 5th class wood-age (35.3%), middle size class DBH (51.1%), and high crown density (71%). Conclusions: The present study provides information on the biotic and abiotic characteristics of P. volans habitats. In South Korea, the fecal droppings of P. volans were found predominantly old deciduous broadleaf forests. Further studies are needed to reveal whether the more frequent occurrence of P. volans dropping in broadleaf forests may be due to a particular preference of this species for the forests or to a simple reflection of the area of the broadleaf forests occupying a much larger area than other forest types in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.20-30
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• 2007

Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is the class map to divide the national land into conservation areas and development areas based on legal and ecological assessment criteria. It contributes to enhancements of the efficiency and the scientificity when framing a policy in various fields including the environment. However, it is impossible to understand the multiphase vegetation structure as data on judging the national forest class in ECVAM are restricted to areal information of Ecological Nature Status, Degree of Green Naturality and Forest Map. This point drops the reliability of ECVAM. Therefore we constructed vegetation information using LiDAR (Light Detection And Raging) technology. We generated Biomass Class Maps as final results of this study, to introduce the new forest assessment criterion in ECVAM that alternates or makes up for existing forest assessment criteria. And then, we compared these with Forest Map and Landsat TM NDVI image. As a result, biomass classes are generally higher than stand age classes and DBH classes of Vegetation Map, and lower than NDVI of Landsat TM image because of the difference of time on data construction. However distributions between these classes are mostly similar. Therefore we estimates that it is possible to apply the biomass item to the new forest assessment criterion of ECVAM. The introduction of the biomass in ECVAM makes it useful to detect the vegetation succession, to adjust the class of the changed zone since the production of Vegetation Map and to rectify the class error of Vegetation Map because variations on tree heights, forest area, gaps between trees, vegetation vitality and so on are acquired as interim findings in process of computing biomass.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.438-445
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• 2020

The characteristics of forest environmental factors were analyzed using the quantification theory (I) for prediction of the suitable area of erosion control dams. The results indicated that sediment discharge in small forest catchments was significantly correlated with dredging passage (0.7495) and age class (0.6000). In contrast, area (0.3416), slope gradient (0.3207), rainfall (0.3160), altitude (0.2990) and soil type (0.2192) were poorly correlated. Following quantification theory (I), we developed a selection decision table for erosion control dams based on sediment discharge rate as class I (highly suitable site, greater than 2.2496), class II (suitable site, 1.1248~2.2495), and class III (poorly suited site, lower than 1.1247).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.561-573
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• 2023

National forests have an advantage over private forests in terms of higher investment in capital, technology, and labor, allowing for more intensive management. As such, national forests are expected to serve not only as a strategic reserve of forest resources to address the long-term demand for timber but also to stably perform various essential forest functions demanded by society. However, most forest stands in the current national forests belong to the fourth age class or above, indicating an imminent timber harvesting period amid an imbalanced age class structure. Therefore, if timber harvesting is not conducted based on systematic management planning, it will become difficult to ensure the continuity of the national forests' diverse functions. This study was conducted to determine the optimal volume of timber production in the national forests to improve the age-class structure while sustainably maintaining their economic and public functions. To achieve this, the study first identified areas within the national forests suitable for timber production. Subsequently, a forest management planning model was developed using multi-objective linear programming, taking into account both the national forests' economic role and their public benefits. The findings suggest that approximately 488,000 hectares within the national forests are suitable for timber production. By focusing on management of these areas, it is possible to not only improve the age-class distribution but also to sustainably uphold the forests' public benefits. Furthermore, the potential volume of timber production from the national forests for the next 100 years would be around 2 million m³ per year, constituting about 44% of the annual domestic timber supply.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-66
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• 1985

Korea needs proper and rational public policies on conservation and use of forest land and other natural resources because of the accelerating expansion of national land developments in recent years. Unfortunately, there is no systematic planning system to support the needs. Generally, forest land use planning needs suitability analysis based on efficient land classification system. The goal of this study was to classify a forest land using multivariate satistical methods. A case study was carried out in winter of 1983 on a mountainous area higher than 100m above sea level located at Mt. Kwanak in Anyang -city, Kyung-gi-do (province). The study area was 19.80 km$^2$wide and was divided into 1, 383 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's) by a 120m$\times$120m grid. Fourteen descriptors were identified and quantified for each OTU from existing national land data : elevation, slope, aspect, terrain form, geologic material, surface soil permeability, topsoil type, depth of the solum, soil acidity, forest cover type, stand size class, stand age class, stand density class, and simple forest soil capability class. For this study, a FORTRAN IV program was written for input and output map data, and the computer statistics packages, SPSS and BMD, were used to perform the multivariate statistical analysis. Fourteen variables were analyzed to investigate the characteristics of their fire quench distribution and to estimate the correlation coefficients among them. Principal component analysis was executed to find the dimensions of forest land characteristics, and factor scores were used for proper samples of OTU throughout the study area. In order to develop the classes of forest land classification based on 102 surrogates, cluster and discriminant analyses of principal descriptor variable matrix were undertaken. Results obtained through a series of multivariate statistical analyses were as follows ; 1) Principal component analysis was proved to be a useful tool for data selection and identification of principal descriptor variables which represented the characteristics of forest land and facilitated the selection of samples.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.342-348
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• 2005

An exploratory survey was performed to assess the present status of distribution and production of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera Linn.) in the rural landscape of Meghna floodplain of Bangladesh. A multistage simple random sampling technique was adopted to identify the study area and respondents. A total of 50 households were selected randomly for the study. Traditional knowledge on cultivation, management, and production of coconut palm was emphasized. Marketing of coconut palm products and income derived from coconut palm cultivation was taken into consideration. Perceptions of farmers, traders and professionals were described in due context of opportunities and constraints of coconut palm cultivation. Coconut palm cultivation was found to play an important role in household economy in rural Bangladesh sharing considerable contribution to the total income. About 10% of their total annual income was reported to come from coconut husbandry. Highest number of the coconut palms, 24%, was found to grow in the homestead compounds and in the pond banks. About one-third lands of the households were found to be covered by the coconut palms. Maximum, 19%, coconut palms were found in the 16-20 years age-class. Production of coconut was found highest at the age-class 11-15 years. The study found some important opportunities and constraints of coconut farming in rural Meghna floodplain area of Bangladesh. The results of this study would be useful for the rural development practitioners in Bangladesh.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze correlation of above- and below-ground biomass and to drive regression equation suitable for estimating standing tree biomass between natural and planted stands of Pinus densiflora for. erecta of one age-class in Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. Total 40 trees, 10 from the naturally regenerated and 10 from the planted stands in each of two studied sites, were uprooted to measure height, diameter at root color (DRC), and the dry weights of stem, branches, and needles. The length, weight, and volume of the main and horizontal roots were also measured. Most of the above-ground traits except height were highly correlated with most of the other above-ground traits and the below-ground traits except the length of roots (p < 0.05). Especially, the DRC, which is measured easily on the standing tree, was highly correlated with most of the traits in all studied stands (p < 0.01). Thus, the DRC would be the most desirable trait to estimate not only above-ground biomass but also below-ground biomass. However, height was not a good variable to estimate standing tree biomass of Pinus densiflora for. erecta of one age-class in Gangwon province because it was not correlated with most of other traits. Regression equations derived from the current study could be used effectively as a basic data for estimating above-ground and below-ground biomass using DRC.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.384-391
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• 2016

In this study, regions infected by pine wilt disease were extracted by using object-based classification method (OB-infected region), and the characteristics of special distribution about OB-infected region were figured out. Scale 24, Shape 0.1, Color 0.9, Compactness 0.5, and Smoothness 0.5 was selected as the objected-based, optimal weighted value of OB-infected region classification. The total accuracy of classification was high with 99% and Kappa coefficient was also high with 0.97. The area of OB-infected region was approximately 90 ha, 16% of the total area. The OB-infected region in Age class V and VI was intensively distributed with 97% of the total. Also, The OB-infected region in Middle and Large DBH class was intensively distributed with 99% of the total. In terms of the topographic characteristics of OB-infected region, the damages occurred approximately 86% below the altitude of 200 m, and occurred 91% with a slope less than 10 degree. The damage occurred a lot in low hilly mountain and undulating slope. In addition, the accessibility to road and residential area from OB-infected region was less than 300 m in large part. Overall, it was figured out that artificial effect is stronger than natural effect with regard to the spread of pine wilt disease.