• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school students' awareness about socio-scientific issues and solutions about environmental topics by using their drawings. For this study, 489 students were participated in 3 provincial regions, Incheon, Dangjin and Pohang in Korea. The students participated in a drawing activity to express their ideas of the socio-scientific issues and solutions related to 'environmental problems.' The analysis of the data include that the students displayed most awareness towards air pollution, water pollution and trash problems. However, the global environmental problems such as global warming and climate change were perceived very low. The interesting thing was about 8% of the students, who drew global environmental problems, tried to explain their drawings using scientific knowledge. But they revealed misconceptions as well. For instance, they were not good at connecting their science knowledge with environmental problems. About 80% of the students drew the pictures, showing solutions in personal context. They mainly drew 3 kinds of solutions: 'Reduce trash', 'Preserve ecosystem' and 'Saving of resources & energy'. Most students suggested to administrate the action plans. About 19% of the students drew 'campaign to save the forest' or 'develop alternative energy' in social context. And only 1 student drew UN conference to solve the environmental problems in national context.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.413-416
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• 2009

The sap of the white birch is one of the most widely used herbal medicines to treat gastrointestinal tract, jaundice, and various periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of white birch sap on in vivo immune agents in mice. The treatment of white birch sap on the forced swimming test has been used as a screening model for new immune enhancement agents. The hematological examination was significantly different in neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts between treatment and control groups. Moreover the white birch sap changed the phagocytic index, immobility duration time, and leukocyte counts in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

Insecticidal activity of 33 registered insecticides was tested against last nymphal instars and adults of ussur brown katydid (Paratlanticus ussuriensis). All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of each insecticides by producer. Acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, EPN and fenitrothion which were organophates, and a mixture combined with chlorpyrifos+${\alpha}$-cypemethrin showed 100% mortality of P. ussuriensis. But fipronil showed only 100% mortality in leaf-dipping method. Carbamates insecticidal groups, benfuracarb and furathiocarb were showed over 80% and phenthoate was $60{\sim}80%$ in mortality of P. ussuriensis. Among the mixture, etofenprox+diazinon and esfenvalerate+fenitrothion were showed 60-80% against last nymphal instars of P. ussuriensis. Otherwise, acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, EPN and fenitrothion were showed 100% mortality of P. ussuriensis within only 24 hours after treatment, but there was no effective after then in residual tests with leaves.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2011

A bacterial strain CH-67 which exhibits antagonism towards several plant pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum sp. and Phytophthora sp. was isolated from forest soil by a chitin-baiting method. This strain was identified as Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and belonging to genomovar IX (Burkholderia pyrrocinia) by colony morphology, biochemical traits and molecular method like 16S rRNA and recA gene analysis. This strain was used to develop a bio-fungicide for the control of tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva. Various formulations of B. pyrrocinia CH-67 were prepared using fermentation cultures of the bacterium in rice oil medium. The result of pot experiments led to selection of the wettable powder formulation CH67-C containing modified starch as the best formulation for the control of tomato leaf mold. CH67-C, at 100-fold dilution, showed a control value of 85% against tomato leaf mold. Its disease control efficacy was not significantly different from that of the chemical fungicide triflumidazole. B. pyrrocinia CH-67 was also effective in controlling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani PY-1 in crisphead lettuce and tomato plants. CH67-C formulation was recognized as a cell-free formulation since B. pyrrocinia CH-67 was all lethal during formulation process. This study provides an effective biocontrol formulation of biofungicide using B. pyrrocinia CH-67 to control tomato leaf mold and damping-off crisphead lettuce and tomato.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.201-204
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• 2005

The rhizome extract of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi(Compositae) exhibited a particular inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cell lines, in vitro. Thus, the intensive phytichemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Atractylodes japonica have been conducted by the way of activity-guided purification. The repeated column chromatographic separation of the n-hexane soluble part of extract resulted in the isolation of four sesquiterpenes (1-4) and a polyacetylene component (5). Chemical structures of them were identified as atractylon (1), atractylenolide Ⅰ(2), atractylenolide Ⅲ(3), eudesma-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one (4) and 1,3-diacetyl-atractylodiol (5) by spectroscopic means. Among the isolates, compound 2-4 were shown to give moderate inhibitory effect in a dose dependent manner on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cell lines such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCT 15(colon), respectively.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.259-273
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• 2021

We conducted a study to investigate the characteristics of the carbon cycle of two streams (located in Shig a Prefecture, Japan), having similar size, namely, the Adokawa stream (length: 52 km, area: 305 km², watershed population: 8,000) and the Yasukawa stream (length: 62 km, area: 380 km², watershed population: 120,000), but with different degree of human activity. Samples were collected from these two streams at 14 (Adokawa stream) and 23 (Yasukawa stream) stations in the flowing direction. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and the stable carbon isotope ratio of DIC (δ¹³C-DIC) were measured in addition to the watershed features and the chemical variables of the stream water. The δ¹³C-DIC (-9.50 ± 2.54‰), DIC concentration (249 ± 76 µM), and electric conductivity (52 ± 13 µS/cm) in Adokawa stream showed small variations from upstream to downstream. However, the δ¹³C-DIC (-8.68 ± 2.3‰) upstream of Yasukawa stream was similar to that of Adokawa stream and decreased downstream (-12.13 ± 0.43‰). DIC concentration (upstream: 272 ± 89 µM, downstream: 690 ± 37 µM) and electric conductivity (upstream: 69 ± 17 µS/cm, downstream: 193 ± 37 µS/cm) were higher downstream than upstream of Yasukawa stream. The DIC concentration of Yasukawa stream was significantly correlated with watershed environmental variables, such as, watershed population density (r = 0.8581, p<0.0001, n = 23), and forest area percentage of the watershed (r = -0.9188, p<0.0001, n = 23). δ¹³C-DIC showed significant negative correlation with the DIC concentration (r = -0.7734, p<0.0001, n = 23), electric conductivity (r = -0.5396, p = 0.0079, n = 23), and watershed population density (r = -0.6836, p = 0.0003, n = 23). Our approach using a stable carbon isotope ratio suggests that DIC concentration and δ¹³C-DIC could be used as indicators for monitoring the health of stream ecosystems with different watershed characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2021

Ecosystem services play a role in promoting sustainable development by contributing to human welfare. For sustainable development, a balance between supply and demand for ecosystem services must be made. In this regard, in this study, factor analysis was performed using the results of measuring ecosystem services for the supply of ecosystem services and national statistical data representing socio-economic factors for demand for ecosystem services The results of analysis for Gyeong-gi Province are as follows. The service supply based on the result of ecosystem services was divided into the mixed service provisioning as factor1, the food provisioning as factor2, and the P retention service provisioning area as factor3. As for the demand for services based on socio-economic factors, factor1 is divided into urbanized areas, factor2 is forest development area, and factor3 is agricultural activity development area. Local governments that maintain balance were evaluated as Pocheon, Yangpyeong, Icheon, Pyeongtaek, Goyang, Suwon, Gwangmyeong, and Osan, and imbalanced local governments appeared in Gimpo, Uiwang, Anseong, and Yeoju. A management plan to maintain the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services was suggested. The analysis method and results of this study are expected to be applicable to various local governments through regional expansion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.78-91
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• 2022

The importance of emotional intelligence education in the development of children's augmented reality education content is overlooked. Therefore, in-depth research is needed to develop children's emotional intelligence. This study was conducted through theoretical consideration and case analysis. The proposal of this paper is that the augmented reality type for children aged 2 to 7 is suitable for indoor activities with marking recognition technology. To promote an understanding of emotions, a large screen is selected, and emoticon dolls or emoticon books are recommended for learning content. Children aged 7 to 11 are suitable for indoor activities of non-marker recognition technology, and can induce emotional control and emotional recognition through active manipulation. For the learning content, "3D art teaching content" and "Online Classic Musical" are recommended. Children after the age of 11 are suitable for non-marker recognition technology outdoor activities and improve each element of emotional intelligence through interaction with nature and society. For the learning content, 'Forest Play Activity through Art' and 'EQ Theater Play' are recommended. Through this paper, we intend to promote the development of children's augmented reality emotional intelligence education.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 2021

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the user behavior in order to cope appropriately with the increasing demand for mountain usage of those in their 20s and 30s and to allocate resources efficiently. Methods: To analyze the behavior of mountain hiking users, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted on the data which had been collected in the app Tranggle. The main target are users in their 20s and 30s who visited the mountains in the metropolitan area in 2019-2020. Among them, we have selected data on the top 13 mountains based on the frequency of visits. After data pre-processing, mountain usage patterns were analyzed through statistical analysis and visualization. Results: Compared to 2019, the number of users in 2020 increased 1.36 times. The utilization rate of the well-established hiking trails has also increased. The usage of mountain on weekends (Saturday > Sunday) was still the highest, and the difference in the usage between the days of the week decreased. Outside of work hours, early morning usage has increased and night-time usage has decreased. There was no significant change in usages depending on activity type, level (experience point) and exercise properties. Conclusion: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the usage of mountains has been changing towards low user density and short-distance trip. in the post-COVID-19 era, the function and role of forests in daily life are expected to increase. To cope with this, further research needs to be carried out with consideration of the wider demographic and social characteristics.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2024

In general network-based intrusion detection system is designed to detect malicious behavior directed at a network or its resources. The key goal of this paper is to look at network data and identify whether it is normal traffic data or anomaly traffic data specifically for accounting information systems. In today's world, there are a variety of principles for detecting various forms of network-based intrusion. In this paper, we are using supervised machine learning techniques. Classification models are used to train and validate data. Using these algorithms we are training the system using a training dataset then we use this trained system to detect intrusion from the testing dataset. In our proposed method, we will detect whether the network data is normal or an anomaly. Using this method we can avoid unauthorized activity on the network and systems under that network. The Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor are applied to the proposed model to classify abnormal to normal behaviors of network traffic data. In addition to that, Logistic Regression Classifier and Support Vector Classification algorithms are used in our model to support proposed concepts. Furthermore, a feature selection method is used to collect valuable information from the dataset to enhance the efficiency of the proposed approach. Random Forest machine learning algorithm is used, which assists the system to identify crucial aspects and focus on them rather than all the features them. The experimental findings revealed that the suggested method for network intrusion detection has a neglected false alarm rate, with the accuracy of the result expected to be between 95% and 100%. As a result of the high precision rate, this concept can be used to detect network data intrusion and prevent vulnerabilities on the network.