• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.159-168
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• 2016

Objective: This study investigated the age at which monolingual children can understand that different languages are different conventional systems of communication. In particular, we investigated when children can suspend using the mutual exclusivity (ME) assumption that a label solely refers to one category when interpreting novel words from foreign languages. Methods: Two-year-olds (n = 16) and 3-year-olds (n = 16) participated in the procedure, which consisted of three blocks. In the first block, a Korean speaker taught the children a novel word, muppi, referring to a novel object. The children were presented with two objects, muppi and another novel object. The Korean speaker then asked the children to find a referent of either muppi or the other novel Korean label, kkati. In the second block, a foreign language (either English or Spanish) speaker asked children to find the object for a foreign novel word, sefo, presenting two objects: muppi and the third novel object, which had not been presented before. The procedure of the third block was identical to that of the first block. Results: Three-year-olds exploited the ME assumption when interpreting a Korean novel word but not when interpreting a foreign novel word. In contrast, 2-year-old children did not use the ME assumption when interpreting native and foreign words. Conclusion: Children acquire an understanding that native and foreign languages have different words for an object at least by 3 years of age.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.189-194
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• 2016

본 연구는 다국어 감성사전 및 감성주석 코퍼스 구축 프로젝트인 MUSE 프로젝트의 일환으로 한국어 감성사전을 구축하기 위해 대표적인 영어 감성사전인 SentiWordNet을 이용하여 한국어 감성사전을 구축하는 방법의 의의와 한계점을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우선 영어 SentiWordNet의 117,659개의 어휘중에서 긍정/부정 0.5 스코어 이상의 어휘를 추출하여 구글 번역기를 이용해 자동 번역하는 작업을 실시하였다. 그 중에서 번역이 되지 않거나, 중복되는 경우를 제거하고, 언어학 전문가들의 수작업으로 분류해낸 결과 3,665개의 감성어휘를 획득할 수 있었다. 그러나 이마저도 병명이나 순수 감성어휘로 보기 어려운 사례들이 상당수 포함되어 있어 실제 이를 코퍼스에 적용하여 감성어휘를 자동 판별했을 때에 맛집 코퍼스에서의 재현율(recall)이 긍정과 부정에서 각각 47.4%, 37.7%, IT 코퍼스에서 각각 55.2%, 32.4%에 불과하였다. 이와 더불어 F-measure의 경우, 맛집 코퍼스에서는 긍정과 부정의 값이 각각 62.3%, 38.5%였고, IT 코퍼스에서는 각각 65.5%, 44.6%의 낮은 수치를 보여주고 있어, SentiWordNet 기반의 감성사전은 감성사전으로서의 역할을 수행하기에 충분하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 한국어 감성사전을 구축할 때에는 한국어의 언어적 속성을 고려한 체계적인 접근이 필요함을 역설하고, 현재 한국어 전자사전 DECO에 기반을 두어 보완 확장중인 SELEX 감성사전에 대해 소개한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.189-194
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• 2016

본 연구는 다국어 감성사전 및 감성주석 코퍼스 구축 프로젝트인 MUSE 프로젝트의 일환으로 한국어 감성사전을 구축하기 위해 대표적인 영어 감성사전인 SentiWordNet을 이용하여 한국어 감성사전을 구축하는 방법의 의의와 한계점을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우선 영어 SentiWordNet의 117,659개의 어휘중에서 긍정/부정 0.5 스코어 이상의 어휘를 추출하여 구글 번역기를 이용해 자동 번역하는 작업을 실시하였다. 그 중에서 번역이 되지 않거나, 중복되는 경우를 제거하고, 언어학 전문가들의 수작업으로 분류해 낸 결과 3,665개의 감성어휘를 획득할 수 있었다. 그러나 이마저도 병명이나 순수 감성어휘로 보기 어려운 사례들이 상당수 포함되어 있어 실제 이를 코퍼스에 적용하여 감성어휘를 자동 판별했을 때에 맛집 코퍼스에서의 재현율(recall)이 긍정과 부정에서 각각 47.4%, 37.7%, IT 코퍼스에서 각각 55.2%, 32.4%에 불과하였다. 이와 더불어 F-measure의 경우, 맛집 코퍼스에서는 긍정과 부정의 값이 각각 62.3%, 38.5%였고, IT 코퍼스에서는 각각 65.5%, 44.6%의 낮은 수치를 보여주고 있어, SentiWordNet 기반의 감성사전은 감성사전으로서의 역할을 수행하기에 충분하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 한국어 감성사전을 구축할 때에는 한국어의 언어적 속성을 고려한 체계적인 접근이 필요함을 역설하고, 현재 한국어 전자사전 DECO에 기반을 두어 보완 확장중인 SELEX 감성사전에 대해 소개한다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2001

In this paper, we describe an algorithm for transliterated foreign word extraction in Korean language. In the proposed method we reformulate the transliterated foreign word extraction problem as a syllable-tagging problem such that each syllable is tagged with a transliterated foreign syllable tag or a pure Korean syllable tag. Syllable sequences of Korean strings ale modeled by Hidden Markov Model whose state represents a character with binary marking to indicate whether the character forms a Korean word or not. The proposed method extracts a transliterated foreign word with high recall rate and precision rate. Moreover, our method shows good performance even with small-sized training corpora.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1707-1714
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• 2015

The neural bases underlying within or between-language picture naming was investigated by using event-related fMRI. The present suudy explorered the following two goals: The first is to compare cortical activation areas relevant to naming process in native and foreign language, and to decide whether the activation pattern of the foreign word will be the same as native words or not. The next is to find the cerebral areas involved only in alternating language switching between native and foreign language condition. Differential activation patterns were observed for language switching against one-language. Both naming tasks all activated the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) as expected. However the differences in naming between languages were reflected in the activation amount of the LIFG, namely more activation in naming the native language than the foreign language. Especially, naming of the foreign word from English showed the similar area and size in activation with native language suggesting that the process of borrowed noun resembles that of native common noun. And the language switching between languages newly activated the right middle frontal gyrus as well as the left inferior frontal areas. The right middle frontal gyrus engagement in switching conditions obviously identified that right hemisphere is recruited in code switching possibly with respect to meta-cognition controlling language index at a subconscious level.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.217-245
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• 2016

Purpose With the increasing number of foreign travelers visiting Korea, it is a heavy question to evaluate service quality of typical domestic hotel companies. Our research aims to evaluate service quality of domestic hotels in Korea from the perspective of foreign travelers in order to provide the quality improvements that call attention for the hotel management. Design/Methodology/Approach In this paper, topics of sentiment followed Lodging Quality Index(LQI) dimensions classifying lodging service quality appropriately. Also, we employed word2vec algorithm which calculates similarity and affinity among the vocabularies accurately. To calculate sentiment of each dimension, we adopted scores from SentiWordNet. Findings From the result, we found the number of foreign travelers particularly satisfied with cleanliness, politeness, and problem solving skills. In contrast, it has also been found out that both promptness of services and efficiency of communication do not fulfill the requirements of travelers.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.37-57
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• 2022

Purpose -International diplomacy is key for the cohesive economic growth of countries around the world. This study aims to identify the major topics discussed and make sense of word pairs used in sentences by Chinese senior leaders during their diplomatic visits. It also compares the differences between key topics addressed during diplomatic visits to developed and developing countries. Design/methodology - We employed three methods: word frequency, co-word, and semantic network analysis. Text data are crawling state and official visit news released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China regarding diplomatic visits undertaken from 2015-2019. Findings - The results show economic and diplomatic relations most prominently during state and official visits. The discussion topics were classified according to nine centrality keywords most central to the structure and had the maximum influence in China. Moreover, the results showed that China's diplomatic issues and strategies differ between developed and developing countries. The topics mentioned in developing countries were more diverse. Originality/value - Our study proposes an effective approach to identify key topics in Chinese diplomatic talks with other countries. Moreover, it shows that discussion topics differ for developed and developing countries. The findings of this research can help researchers conduct empirical studies on diplomacy relationships and extend our method to other countries. Additionally, it can significantly help key policymakers gain insights into negotiations and establish a good diplomatic relationship with China.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2015

We developed a test of English silent word reading, following work by Mather, Hammill, Allen and Roberts (2004) and Bell, McCallum, Krik, Fuller, and McCane-Bowling (2007), in order to tap Hong Kong Chinese children's reading of English as a foreign language. We created one subtest of individual word reading and another of word reading contextualized within sentences; together, these tests require no more than 10 minutes for administration. In Study 1, we administered the entire test to 552 second grade Hong Kong Chinese children between the ages of 70 and 121 months old, from five different primary schools. The association between the subtests of English silent word reading and contextual reading was positively correlated (.78). In Study 2, 77 Hong Kong Chinese second graders were tested on our newly developed English silent word reading test, together with non-verbal IQ, an English word reading and a Chinese character recognition test (both read aloud). With age and non-verbal IQ statistically controlled, there was a significant correlation between English silent word reading and the more standard English word reading, read aloud, (.78); the association between English silent word reading and Chinese character recognition was also positively correlated (.49). This newly created test is a quick and reliable measure, suitable for both educators and researchers to use to identify poor readers who learn English as a foreign or second language.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2008

Foreign word transliterations are not consistently used in documents, which hinders retrieving some important relevant documents in exact term matching information retrieval systems. In this paper, a meta search method is proposed, which expands and refines relevant variant queries from an original input foreign word transliteration query to retrieve the more relevant documents. The method firstly expands a transliteration query to the variants using a statistical method. Secondly the method selects the valid variants: it queries each variant to the retrieval systems beforehand and checks the validity of each variant by counting the number of appearance of the variant in the retrieved document and calculating the similarity of the context of the variant. Experiment result showed that querying with the variants produced at the first step, which is a base method of the test, performed 38% in average F measure, and querying with the refined variants at the second step, which is a proposed method, significantly improved the performance to 81% in average F measure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.195-213
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• 2013

This study aims at establishing the identity of teaching Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) domain by using journal profiling and co-word analysis in comparison with the relevant and adjacent domains. Firstly, by extracting and comparing topic terms, we calculate the similarity of academic journals of the three domains, KFL, teaching Korean as a Native Language (KNL), and Korean Linguistics (KL). The result shows that the journals of KFL form a distinct cluster from the others. The profiling analysis and co-word analysis are then conducted to visualize the relationship among all the three domains in order to uncover the characteristics of KFL. The findings show that KFL is more similar to KNL than to KL. Finally, the comparison of knowledge structures of these three domains based on the co-word analysis demonstrates the uniqueness of KFL as an independent domain in relation with the other relevant domains.