• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.35-56
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• 2013

The era of globalization provides us with both opportunities and threats. The success of a multinational corporation depends largely on its ability to adapt itself to new market environment. We believe that understanding and implementing multicultural PR strategy can be a key to the multinational corporations' success in foreign markets. We argue in this paper that even a global iconic company such as Google needs to focus on how to understand local consumers' needs and preferences before formulating and implementing PR strategy. Having a global hit product or service is not sufficient enough to be successful in some foreign markets. It is especially more evident in the industries where companies deal with individual consumers, and perceptions and sentiments play a large role in their purchase decisions. The objective of this research is to find out the relationship between multicultural PR strategy and business performance. Therefore, our main hypothesis is; better implementation of multicultural PR strategy by a multinational corporation will result in higher performance in the foreign markets. To prove the relationship between multicultural PR strategy and performance, we designed a framework that uses Rudan's (2004) five rules for multicultural PR strategy. It is a contribution to the business academics as there are very few studies that directly focus on and analyze the multicultural aspects of a multinational company's PR strategy. Through our research, we found strong evidence that there is a positive relationship between the level and effectiveness of a company's multicultural PR strategy and its performance in the foreign markets. This offers some meaningful implications to the managers of the multinational corporations and those who are considering going into a foreign market for the first time. We also suggested a way of measuring the implementation of multicultural PR strategy. By applying five rules for multicultural PR strategy to Google's PR activities, it allowed us to convert qualitative information into quantitative data. This kind of tool can be helpful for multinational corporations that want to evaluate their own PR activities.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2023

이 논문은 우리나라 대외 무역 및 곡물 수입 안정화 정책 수립에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 중국의 곡물 수출입 관련 법 제도를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과로는 「대외무역법」에 근거한 중국의 대외무역제도는 대외무역관리기관에 대한 권한 위임의 범위와 책임이 명확하지 않은 것이 특징이다. 우리나라는 「대외무역법」과 그 시행령 및 관리규정에서 대외무역관리의 권한 위임에 대한 범위와 책임을 명확히 규정하고 있지만, 중국의 개정 「대외무역법」에서는 대외무역관리에 대한 권한 위임이 명확하게 명시되지 않아 지방정부나 기타 행정기관의 자의적 판단에 의한 개입의 여지가 있다. 전반적으로 중국의 곡물 수출입 관련 법 제도는 WTO 규정에 부합하는 제도적 틀을 갖추고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 하지만 법률 또는 법규의 모호성과 제도의 운영과정에서 나타나는 불합리성과 투명하지 않은 절차 등은 유의해야 하는 항목으로 여겨진다. 따라서, 향후 중국과의 교역 과정에서의 발생할 수 있는 불합리한 상황에 대한 사전 예방 중요할 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

Purpose - This research aims to determine whether the consumer affinity and ethnocentrism as well as the image of a foreign country (Japanese product as the most popular product in Indonesia) are able to influence behavior related to the perceived risk and willingness to buy foreign products from the affinity country. Research design, data, and methodology - Using survey techniques with 164 respondents, the study uses structural equation model with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To ensure the research objective and appropriate respondent, then we select an individual who have interest on Japanese culture & language. The primary and secondary data used in this study. Primary data refers to information collected directly from respondent by questionnaires dissemination while secondary data is provided from well-established literatures. Results - The results show us that the ethnocentrism has dominant affection role compared to affinity in order to influence consumer behavior meanwhile, the product country image has cognition role to evoke consumer desire to consume foreign products. Conclusions - From a theoretical perspective, the study contributes to international marketing literature by refining the conceptualization of the consumer affinity construct and highlighting its multidimensional nature. The consumer affinity research need to enrich in term of the context and the different culture and situation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of research on intervention using adiponectin and to find the utilization in nursing. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. From 2005 to 2009, the articles were searched electronically using the data base with the key words of adiponectin. The criteria for inclusion in review were 1) an randomized clinical trial (RCT), 2) human, 3) English or Korean language. Finally, 89 articles (41 domestic studies, 48 foreign studies) were included in the review. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) In domestic studies, subjects of obesity were 80.5%, and the most frequently used intervention were exercise (95.1%). 2) In foreign studies, there were interventions for subjects of obesity (55.1%), and diabetes (25.0%). 66.7% of studies were in medicine including 56.3% on medicine/hormone therapy. 3) Adiponectin was significantly increased in 31 domestic studies and 33 foreign studies. Conclusion: It needs to understand the influence of Adiponectin in nursing research and practice. The practical use of Adiponectin has to be considered in a sense that it may help determining the direction of the nursing research to provide more objective evidence for nursing practice.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제30호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to evaluate the education contents and method related to Korean culture by comparing history courses in interior design programs of korea to those of three ether countries. For this research, curricula and syllabus of forty interior design programs in domestic and foreign universities have been analysed. The major findings from the survey are summarized as follows: 1. In terms of the tradition contents ratio in history course United States ranks first, Japan second, China third, and Korea last. In case of Korea, the ratio of credits alloted to tradition to total credits is very low and most of the credits are elective courses not requirement ones. 2. History courses of Korean universities are biased to Western styles. 3. In terms of the ratio of contents about neighbor foreign countries'culture in history courses is United States first, Japan second, China third, and Korea last. Therefore it is proved that net only history courses are devaluated, but also the endeavor to find Korean identity is insufficient in the Korean interior design theory education.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.85-86
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• 2019

Recently, the educational facilities were 45% among total damaged facilities from the Po-Hang earthquake. Consequently, the seismic reinforcement of existing educational facilities were ended up attracting people's interesting. However, research is insufficient to consider that how far technology has been developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the level of domestic guideline research by comparing to foreign guidelines in regard to seismic reinforcement methods applicable to existing educational facilities. To achieve the objective, first, the current status of seismic reinforcement projects in domestic educational facilities was analyzed. Second, the domestic and foreign seismic reinforcement methods guidelines for structural, non-structural was compared. Third, the improvement directions for future guidelines were suggested. As a results, the improvement directions of domestic seismic reinforcement methods guidelines were proposed. First, the structural seismic reinforcement strategy needs to be segmented. Second, it is necessary to analyze about non-structural guidelines based on additional cases. In the future, this study can be used as a basic material for developing seismic reinforcement methods guidelines in domestic existing educational facilities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 김 산지 수출량 결정 모형을 개발하는데 있다. 모형의 설명변수에는 국내시장의 연도별, 월별 생산물량과 산지가격, 그리고 수출가격과 환율이 포함되었다. 추정 결과 김 수출은 단기적인 생산량의 증가 보다 장기적인 생산량의 증가에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 환율이나 수출가격이 상승할 경우 수출량이 탄력적으로 반응하였다. 반면에 산지가격이 상승할 경우 김 수출은 감소하나, 비탄력적인 모습을 보였다. 따라서 김의 수출을 증가시키기 위해서는 중장기적인 생산량 증대를 위한 기반시설 확립, 수출가격이나 환율변동에 대한 보다 정확한 예측 및 관련 정보제공이 중요하다고 판단된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2021

The development of the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas (EMMA) is currently receiving the attention of countries around the world. This is demonstrated through a large number of studies, in many respects, in many different countries. The objective of the study is to find out the current situation of the commodity market in the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas (EMMA) of Vietnam. In particular, the authors will study whether there is a link between the ability to access governmental policies and the characteristics of this commodity market. To achieve the goal, the authors employed the secondary data collection method to gather the relevant information on government policies for EMMA and conducted an interview of seventy (70) enterprises in the Northern midlands and mountainous regions and the Central Coast to clarify the characteristics of commodity market. By Levene's test, the results showed that the accessibility to governmental policies has a certain influence on the development of the commodity market patterns in the EMMA in terms of diversification of distribution forms and sales method of the business. These findings brought some basic solutions to further enhance the role of the government in developing commodity markets in the EMMA of Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2021

The impact of investment on economic growth has been studied by many authors around the world with different times and research methods. Therefore, there are conflicting opinions about the impact of investment on economic growth. To contribute empirical evidence, the objective of this study is to assess the impact of investment sources such as public investment, private investment, and foreign direct investment on economic growth in Vietnam in the short-run and long-run. The data used for the study is panel data from 63 Vietnamese provinces between 2000 and 2020. The inquiry method is PMG (Pool Mean Group) regression for economic growth (GDP) after testing the stationarity of the variables that meet the PMG regression condition as suggested by Pesaran et al. (1996) and Hamuda et al. (2013). The results show that: factors such as labor and trade openness have a negative impact on economic growth in the short term. In the long run, public investment has a negative effect on economic growth, while domestic private investment, foreign direct investment, trade openness, and labor have positive effects on economic growth. Labour contributes the most, followed by trade openness, foreign direct investment, and domestic private investment. Finally, the study provides policy implications for the Government of Vietnam.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-66
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• 2022

Modern Bulgarian nationalists aspired towards incorporating the self-identified Bulgarian lands into the Bulgarian state. The Treaty of San Stefano ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 tantalizingly achieved these so-called national ideals. Great Power diplomacy quickly diminished Bulgaria's borders and international legal status with the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, exacerbating nationalist grievances. Bulgaria would expand vast resources to restore the San Stefano borders until Balkan Communist authoritarian regimes eventually suppressed the Macedonian issue as a foreign policy subject. Sofia's policy towards its neighbor has been overdetermined by the efforts of successive Bulgarian governments to institutionalize post-communist Bulgaria's own national identity. Bulgaria's integration into so-called Euro-Atlantic structures, i.e., NATO and the EU, had been the primary strategic objective of the Bulgarian authorities since the end of the Zhivkov regime. North Atlantic community security policy aims in response to the earliest post-Cold War foreign policy crises in the Western Balkans framed the parameters of Bulgarian diplomacy. The stabilization of FYROM in 2001, followed by Bulgaria's 2007 EU accession, led to Bulgarian nationalist values become more salient in Bulgarian politics and foreign policy. Sofia-Skopje relations are a test case for the effects of Europeanization on interdependent Balkan ethno-sectarian nationalisms and state territorial institutional development.