• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2012

Mosquitoes are the vectors of a number of viral diseases in cattle, such as Akabane disease, bovine ephemeral fever, Ainovirus infection, Chuzan virus infection, and Ibaraki disease. These diseases are transmitted from an infected animal to a non-infected host via the blood feeding of the vector. In Korea, the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Services, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is responsible for planning, implementation, laboratory investigations and reporting the results of the national surveillance program for mosquito-borne bovine diseases (MBD). The surveillance program, which was started in 1993, focused to determine the seroprevalence of each disease in cattle herds in space and time. From the epidemiological point of view, more important component of the surveillance program is to monitor infection rates in vectors for specific pathogens because this information is essential for a more precise understanding the dynamics of these diseases in a given environment and for determining risk of transmission. The aim of this study was to describe and compare methods for estimation of vector infection rates using maximum likelihood (MLE) and minimum infection rate in pooled samples. Factors affecting MLE such as number of pools, pooling size and diagnostic test performance are also discussed, assuming some hypothetical sampling scenarios for MBD.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2021

건강에 대한 관심 증대와 1인 가구 증가라는 사회구조적인 변화로 이용하기 편리한 농산물에 대한 소비가 증가하고 있다. 대부분의 신선 농산물은 가열하지 않고 섭취하는 경우가 많기 때문에 식품 매개 병원체에 쉽게 노출될 수 있어 세계적으로 과채류가 원인인 식중독 사고의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신선 농산물의 미생물학적 품질을 평가하고 식중독균 검출 방법을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 신선 농산물 중 채소류 129건을 구입하여 배양기반 방법으로 식중독균을 분석한 결과, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (3.9%), Bacillus cereus (31.8%), Clostridium perfringens (5.4%), Yersinia enterocolitica (0.8%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (0.8%)가 검출되었다. 이러한 식중독균의 분석에는 증균 배양과정이 중요하게 작용을 하며 균주의 순수 분리 및 확인 동정에까지 상대적으로 많은 시간과 노력이 요구된다. 따라서 증균 배양의 과정 없이 식중독균을 신속하게 검출 할 수 있는 PCR-DGGE를 수행하여 배양 기반의 분석법과 비교하였다. 비병원성 대장균은 배양 기반 방법에서 검출되지 않았음에도 PCR-DGGE에서는 검출된 경우가 2건이 있었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 대장균 정량 분석방법은 시료를 10배 희석한 후 배양하는 과정에서 시료의 손실 가능성과 검출 한계가 높은 단점으로 PCR-DGGE가 균종의 확인에 더욱 용이할 것으로 보였다. 저위해성 식중독균은 배양 기반 방법보다 PCR-DGGE에서 검출 한계가 높은 것으로 보였다. 고위해성 식중독균은 배양 기반 방법보다 PCR-DGGE (10 CFU/g)에서 검출 한계가 낮아 균종 확인과 검출에 용이하다고 판단되었고 이를 통해 채소류에서 고위해성 식중독균의 잠재적 위험성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 신선 농산물의 미생물 위해 평가와 기준 설정을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으며 신선 농산물 관련 식중독균 검출 방법의 개선과 식중독 발생 예방에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.585-591
• /
• 2012

The antagonistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum on a range of seed-borne fungal pathogens of wheat (viz. Fusarium graminearum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp.) was assessed. The potential of T. harzianum as a biocontrol agent was tested in vitro and under field conditions. Coculture of the pathogens and Trichoderma under laboratory conditions clearly showed dominance of T. harzianum. Under natural conditions, biocontrol effects were also obtained against the test fungi. One month after sowing, field emergence (plant stand) was increased by 15.93% over that obtained with the control treatment, and seedling infection was reduced significantly. Leaf blight severity was decreased from 22 to 11 at the heading stage, 35 to 31 at the flowering stage, and 86 to 74 at the grain filling stage. At harvest, the number of tillers per plant was increased by 50%, the yield was increased by 31.58%, and the 1,000-seed weight was increased by 21%.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.589-592
• /
• 2020

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an apicomplexan protozoan and is one of the most common pathogens causing chronic diarrhea worldwide. Eight stool samples with diarrheal symptom out of 18 Korean residents who traveled to Nepal were obtained, and examined for 25 enteropathogens including 16 bacterial species, 5 viral species, and 4 protozoans in stool samples as causative agents of water-borne and food-borne disease. Only C. cayetanensis was detected by nested PCR, and 3 PCR-positive samples were sequenced to confirm species identification. However, the oocysts of C. cayetanensis in fecal samples could not be detected by direct microscopy of the stained sample. As far as we know, this is the first report of a group infection with C. cayetanensis from a traveler visiting Nepal, and the second report of a traveler's diarrhea by C. cayetanensis imported in Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2010

Norovirus, which causes gastroenteritis in humans, is an important food-borne pathogen worldwide. In an effort to discover an antiviral substance against norovirus, extracts from several seaweeds were evaluated for antiviral activity against feline calicivirus (FCV), which was used as a surrogate. The methanolic extract of Undaria pinnatifida exhibited the most significant antiviral activity and virucidal efficacy against FCV. The concentrations of the extract that reduced viral replication by 50% ($EC_{50}$) and resulted in the death of 50% of the host cells ($CC_{50}$) were 0.05 mg/mL and 1.02 mg/mL, respectively. The selectivity index, calculated from the ratio of the $CC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ was 20.4. No FCV infection of host cells occurred following a 1-h incubation in the presence of 12.50 mg/mL U. pinnatifida extract, indicating that the virus was completely inactivated by the extract treatment. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the development of a natural antiviral substance that will prevent food-borne disease caused by norovirus.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.463-468
• /
• 2004

병원성 식중독 미생물에 대한 참나무류 6종의 부위 별 항균력을 검색한 결과, 참나무류 부위별 에탄올 추출물의 항균력은 그람양성 세균과 음성 세균에 대해 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었으며, 그람음성균인 E. coli 0157:H7이나 S. typhimurium보다 그람양성균인 B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus균에 대하여 더 강한 항균력을 나타내었다. 반면에, 효모와 곰팡이에 대해서는 항균력을 나타내지 않았다. 수종별 항균 활성은 갈참, 떡갈 신갈나무 에탄올 추출물이 졸참, 상수리, 굴참나무 에탄올 추출물보다 더 강하였으며, 부위별로는 잎이 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내었고 수피와 목질부는 유사한 항균력을 나타내었다. 6종의 부위별 참나무수종 중에서 갈참나무 잎 에탄올 추출물이 가장 강한 항균력을 나타내었으며, B. cereus ATCC 9634와 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111에서는 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL에서, E. coli O157:H7는 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 생육저해효과를 나타내었다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2020

Recently, the severe dieback of apple trees resulting from soil-borne diseases has occurred in South Korea. The casual agents of dieback were surveyed on 74 apple orchards that had been damaged nationwide in 2016-2019. The number of apple orchards affected alone by Phytophthora rot, violet root rot, and white root rot was 31, 34, and 3, respectively. Also, the total number of mixed infection orchards was 6. Out of 9,112 apple trees affected by dieback, the trees damaged by Phytophthora rot, violet root rot, and white root rot were 3,332, 3,831, and 44, respectively. Moreover, the total number of mixed infection apple trees was 1,905. The provinces mainly affected were Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Chungbuk, and Jeonbuk. The survey on these infected apple orchards will be available to form management strategy for the dieback that had been increased by soil-borne fungal pathogens.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 2019

Our study investigated the available chlorine content, contact time and difference among strains of each pathogen for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to control chemically against soil-borne fungal pathogens, such as Phytophthora rot by Phytophthora cactorum, violet root rot by Helicobasidium mompa, and white root rot by Rosellinia necatrix, causing die-back symptom on apple trees. As a result, the colony growth of Phytophthora cactorum was inhibited completely by soaking over 5 s in 31.25 ml/l available chlorine content of NaOCl. Those of H. mompa and R. necatrix were inhibited entirely by soaking over 160 s in 62.5 and 125 ml/l available chlorine content in NaOCl, respectively. Also, inhibition effect on available chlorine in NaOCl among strains of each soil-borne pathogen showed no significant difference and was similar to or better than that of fungicides.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.383-395
• /
• 2014

국내산 9개 작물 51품종의 종자를 수집하여 종자오염 실태 및 발아율을 조사한 결과, 참깨와 벼 종자의 오 염이 심한 것으로 나타났다. 벼 종자전염성 병해를 방제하기 위하여 다양한 유용미생물을 함유하는 김치, 고추장, 된 장, 간장, 막걸리 및 토하젓을 채집하여 식품 추출물 조제하고 종자전염성병원균에 대한 억제효과를 조사하였다. 추 가로 식품유래 미생물의 벼 종자전염성 병해 억제효과를 in vitro 및 in vivo 조건하에서 조사하였다. 40개 식품추출 물 중 11개 식품추출물을 샤레 상에 처리하였을 때 유묘썩음증상을 50~79%까지 감소시켰고, 5개 식품추출물 처리 는 온실조건에서 건전묘율을 8~33% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 발효식품 40제품으로부터 얻은 218종의 발효미생 물 중 43균주는 7종의 종자전염성 병원균에 대하여 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 선발된 43균주의 종자소독효과를 검정 한 결과, 32균주가 병 억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 32균주 중 17균주는 모썩음증상을 유의성 있게 감소시켜 건전주율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 15균주도 Kc 4-2와 Mkl 2-2균주를 제외하고는 지상부 출현율 및 건전묘율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 16S r-DNA region의 염기서열분석을 통해 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 항균활 성 및 종자소독 효과를 보인 식품유래 유용미생물 30종에 대한 동정을 수행하였다. 그 중 21균주는 Bacillus 속 세균 으로, 막걸리로부터 분리된 3균주는 Saccharomyces 속 효모로 동정되었다. B. amyloliquifaciens는 간장을 제외한 6 개 식품에서 분리되었으며, 고추장 및 젓갈에서 분리된 우수 항균활성 보유균주는 대부분 B. amyloliquifaciens인 것 으로 나타났다. 김치에서는 B. subtilis, B. pumilus 및 B. amyloliquificiens 등 다양한 Bacillus 속 세균이 분리되었다. 이상의 선발된 발효식품유래 유용미생물은 in vitro와 온실조건에서 종자전염성병 방제에 있어서 효과적인 것으로 확 인되었다. 이상의 결과를 근거로 국내산 발효식품 추출물 및 발효식품 유래 미생물은 벼 종자소독용 방제제로서 사 용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2008

During New year's day and Thanksgiving holiday, the 1339 Information Center in Gwangju and Jeonnam received an emergency medical situation and carried out the analysis as follows ; 1. The reason for the higher phone guidance(72%) of the hospital was based on the simple query for the pain control rather than emergency care. This was explained by the unfamiliar environment of the holiday movers. Pharmaceutical guidance(12.6%) in rural area was also given during the holidays. 2. The disease counselling(2.4%) and emergency treatment instruction(First Aid)(1.6%) decreased because of the small number of request for the diseases. This explained the decrease of the disease counselling. 3. The phone calls increased 8-13 times more than usual. Five-day holidays could have more emergency patients than three-day holidays. During New year's day and Thanksgiving day, the number of received phone calls was 6,444(25.7%) and this accounted for one fourth of the total number in 2007. 4. The number of the patients increased on New year's day and Thanksgiving day because most of the medical institutions and pharmacy were off duty. 5. The patients were centered in Internal medicine and pediatrics. This showed the food-borne diseases and air-borne infection such as common cold. 6. During Thanksgiving day, ophthalmologic patients having viral keratoconjunctivitis(Apollo eye disease) increased 8 folds than in New year's day. It was estimated from the continuous epidemic of Apollo eye disease. 7. There broke out the traffic accidents, food poisoning, infectious diseases, dermatological diseases due to seasonal and environmental changes during the holiday move.