• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2021

Background: In this study, the association of work and demographic characteristics with different traffic offenses committed by food delivery riders in Greece was examined. Previous research has identified various factors related to risky driving however, there is a need for exploring the complex interrelationship of work-related factors underlying risky driving behavior. Materials and Methods: A 2-items uestionnaire was used exploring delivery riders demographic characteristics, terms of employment, issues of concern during work and type of traffic offenses committed. In total, uestionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression in order to identify characteristics independently associated with serious traffic offenses, namely, red-light running and helmet non-use. Results: The analysis showed that: (i) typical health and safety measures had no effect on serious traffic offenses, (ii) young age was related to both offenses however (iii) different sets of work conditions were associated with reports of red-light running (i.e. low work experience, use of personal vehicle for work, and payment by hour) and helmet non-use respectively (i.e. intense work pace, high tip income per day and low concern about vehicle condition). Conclusion: The above findings provide evidence that serious traffic offenses are manifestations of underlying conflict experienced by the riders between safety and various performance criteria. Each one of the two offenses is related to different rider profiles aiming to satisfy different goals, namely, those mainly trying to maximize profit non-helmet users and those, mostly inexperienced ones, trying to cope with work pressure red light runners. Potential regulatory measures to alleviate risky practices are discussed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.498-509
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• 2021

Background: A wide range of environmental factors, such as diseases, nutritional deficiencies, ageing, hormonal imbalances, stress, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, may affect the structure and function of the skin that covers the entire surface of the human body. In this study, we investigated roles of red ginseng oil (RGO) in enhancing skin functions, including hair growth and skin protection, using mouse models. Methods: For hair growth experiment, shaved dorsal skins of C57BL/6 mice were topically applied with vehicle, RGO, RGO's major compounds, or minoxidil for consecutive 21 days and skin tissues were examined the hair growth promoting capacity. For skin protection experiment, SKH-1 hairless mice were topically applied with vehicle or RGO twice a day for three days prior to exposure to UVC radiation at 20 kJ/cm². Skin tissues were collected to evaluate skin protective effects of RGO. Results: Topical application of RGO to C57BL/6 mice effectively promoted hair regeneration by inducing early telogen-to-anagen transition and significantly increasing the density and bulb diameter of hair follicles. Major compounds, including linoleic acids and β-sitosterol, contributed to RGO-promoted hair growth. Treatment with RGO as well as its major components upregulated expression of hair growth-related proteins. Furthermore, in SKH-1 hairless mice, RGO had a protective effect against UVC-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as inducing cytoprotective systems. Conclusion: These data suggest that RGO may be a potent agent for improving skin health and thereby preventing and/or treating hair loss and protecting skin against UV radiation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.703-711
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• 2023

As an initial study to elucidate the molecular mechanism of how probiotics modulate macrophage activity, we monitored mRNA expression patterns in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) treated with two different strains of probiotics. After treatment with either Weissella cibaria WIKIM28 or Latilactobacillus sakei WIKIM50, total RNAs from PMs were isolated and subjected into gene chip analyses. As controls, mRNAs from vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS)-treated PMs were also subjected to gene chip analysis. Compared to vehicle (PBS)-treated PMs, WIKIM28-treated and WIKIM50-treated PMs exhibited a total of 889 and 432 differentially expressed genes with expression differences of at least 4 folds, respectively. Compared to WIKIM28-treated PMs, WIKIM50-treated PMs showed 25 up-regulated genes and 21 down-regulated genes with expression differences of more than 2 folds. Interestingly, mRNA transcripts of M2 macrophage polarization marker such as anxa1, mafb, and sepp1 were increased in WIKIM50-treated PMs comparing to those in WIKIM28-treated PMs. Reversely, mRNA transcripts of M1 macrophage polarization marker such as hdac9, ptgs2, and socs3 were decreased in WIKIM50-treated PMs comparing to those in WIKIM28-treated PMs. In agreement with these observations, mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α were significantly reduced in WIKIM50-treated macrophages compared to those in WIKIM28-treated macrophages. These results may indicate that probiotics can be classified as two different types depending on their ability to convert macrophages into M1 or M2 polarization.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting BioExibition International Symposium
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• pp.323-327
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• 2004

Leuconostoc citreum CBUE isolated from kimchi proved to harbor a small cryptic plasmid, pNS75. The complete nucleotide sequence of pNS75 was 1,821 bp and had a low G+C content of 39.2%. Computer analysis using DNASIS revealed one open reading frame (ORF), having ATG as putatitive start condon and potentially encoding proteins with molecular mass of 38 kDa. The chimeric plasmid pLeuCM was first constructed wih pNS75, pUC19 and chroamphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) from Staphylococcus sp.. pLeuCM replicated and expressed chroamphenicol acetyltransferase in Leuconostoc citerum CBNF after transformation. To test the availability of shuttle vector as cloning vehicle of foreign gene, $\alpha$-amylase gene of Streptococcus bovis was cloned and all transformants secreated the $\alpha$-amylase successfully. The result indicates that pLeuCM is a potential shuttle vector for Leuconostoc spp. and lactic acid bacteria.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 신선편의식품을 구매한 뒤 집으로 귀가해서 냉장고에 보관하거나 섭취하는데 소요되는 시간과 그에 따른 신선편의식품 내.외부의 온도변화와 미생물학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 시판 중인 신선편의 식품에 대해 위생지표세균인 일반세균, 대장균군 및 대장균, 병원성 미생물인 B. cereus, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes를 분석하였다. 설문조사 결과 신선편의식품을 구매 후 귀가 또는 섭취에 소요되는 시간이 최대 3시간 소요되는 것으로 확인되어, 차량 트렁크 내에서 최대 3시간 동안 보관한 결과 차량 트렁크 내부 최고 온도가 봄(3월) 19℃, 여름(7월) 44℃, 가을(9월) 31.3℃, 겨울(2월) 17.6℃로 각각 확인되었으며, 차량 트렁크에서 보관한 신선편의식품의 품온은 최대 봄 18.5℃, 여름 42℃, 가을 29.2℃, 겨울 16.8℃로 확인되었다. 차량 트렁크에 최대 3시간 보관한 신선편의식품의 일반세균수는 봄 3.41 log CFU/g, 여름 4.32 log CFU/g, 가을과 겨울은 각각 3.81 log CFU/g, 3.36 log CFU/g으로 확인되었다. 그 외의 대장균군 및 대장균, B. cereus, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes균은 검출되지 않았지만 S. aureus는 여름과 가을철에는 신선편의식품을 1시간만 차량에 보관하더라도 검출되었고, 봄과 겨울은 2시간 이상 차량 트렁크에 보관하였을 때 검출되었다. 이동용기로 흔히 사용되는 종이박스와 스티로폼 박스 내부가 알루미늄필름으로 코팅된 종이 박스를 이용하여 얼음 첨가여부에 따른 이동용기 온도변화 실험과 이동 중 S. aureus의 증식여부를 확인한 결과 스티로폼 박스에서 내부 온도변화가 가장 낮게 유지되었고, 시간 경과에 따른 미생물의 증식도 가장 적게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 신선편의식품 소비자들에게 구매 후 안전한 섭취를 위해 보관 온도나 시간에 대한 가이드라인과 이동용기를 이용한 신선편의식품의 온도관리에 대한 정보를 제공하여 식품의 안전성을 높이는 홍보가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.929-936
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• 2005

골조직은 골아세포, 파골세포, 골세포 등으로 구성되며, 골개조시 여러 인자가 세포증식, 분화, 활성화 및 골대사 조절에 관여한다. 이 때 조골세포의 활성은 골형 성 에 중요하므로, 본 연구에서는 MC3T3-E1 조골세포주를 이용하여 식용자원인 미역취뿌리의 조골세포의 증식과 분화활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 미역취뿌리 메탄을 추출물 및 분획물이 조골세포의 성장에 미치는 영향을 MTT검색법으로 조사한 결과, 미 역 취 뿌리 메탄을 추출물 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$ 처리시 대조군과 비교하여 각각 140, $120\%$ 증가하여 조골세포의 높은 성장률을 보였다. 미역취 뿌리 추출물 및 순차 분획물 시료가 ALP 효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 3일 간격으로 배지교환 및 시료처 리를 하면서 27일 동안 배양시간에 따른 변화를 측정하여 조사하였다 그 결과, 농도 1, 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$ 처리시 n-hexane과 chloroform분획을 제외한 나머지 분획물들이 시간이 지남에 따라 약간의 ALP활성을 증가시켰고, 메탄올 추출물은 27일째에 대조군에 비해 약 4.4배 이상, 양성 대조군에 비해 약 2배 이상 ALP 활성을 증가시켰다. 미 역취뿌리 메탄올추출물은 다시 ALP효소 염색법과 alizarin red 염색으로 조골세포의 ALP활성유도, 분화와 석회화 형성능을 재확인하였다. 따라서 미역취뿌리 추출물중 골세포의 활성을 촉진시키는 물질은 극성 에 따른 분획물보다 mothanol추출물에서 활성이 높게 나타나는 결과로 미뤄볼 때, 단일성 분에 의한 것보다 복합적 성분들의 상승 작용에 의하여 조골세포의 증식과 분화를 증진시킬 수 있다고 할 수 있다. 아울러 종래의 골질환에 좋다고 알려 진 식품과 양성 대조군에 비해 빠르게 유도하고 있어 앞으로 미역취뿌리에 대한 분자생물학 수준 등의 구체적인 연구들과 기작연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2009

As nanomaterials might enter into cells and have high reactivity with intracellular structures, it is necessary to assay possible genotoxic risk of them. One of these approaches, we investigated possible genotoxic potential of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) using L5178Y cells. Four different sizes of AuNP (4, 15, 100 or 200 nm) were synthesized and the sizes and structures of AuNP were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stability was analyzed by a UV/Vis. Spectrophotometer. Cytotoxicity was assessed by direct cell counting, and cellular location was detected by dark field microscope at 6, 24 and 48 h after treatment of AuNP. Comet assay was conducted to examine DNA damage and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ mRNA level was assay by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Synthetic AuNP (4, 50, 100 and 200 nm size) had constant characteristics and stability confirmed by TEM, SEM and spectrophotometer for 10 days, respectively. Dark field microscope revealed the location of AuNP in the cytoplasm at 6, 24 and 48 h. Treatment of 4 nm AuNP induced dose and time dependent cytotoxicity, while other sizes of AuNP did not. However, Comet assay represented that treatment of 100 nm and 200 nm AuNP significantly increased DNA damage compared to vehicle control (p <0.01). Treatment of 100 nm and 200 nm AuNP significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression compared to vehicle control (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). Taken together, AuNP induced DNA damage in L5178Y cell, associated with induction of oxidative stress.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory effects of steamed Polygonatum odoratum extract (POE) on insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells, L6 cells.Methods : Polygonatum odoratum (P. odoratum) extract was extracted with ethyl acetate. Activity of α-glucosidase in POE was measured for blood glucose regulation. MTT assay was examined for cell toxicity. Western blot analysis for measurement of adiponectine, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) and phosphorylation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt) expressions were performed. Akt signaling pathway were analyzed with LY294002, which is a specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor.Results : The results revealed that POE inhibited α-glucosidase activity. Treatment of POE in L6 cells inhibited the differentiation of L6 cells compared to those of vehicl control. Additionally, protein expressions of adiponectine, PPARγ, IRS and Glut-4 were significantly regulated compared to those of vehicle control (p < 0.05), respectively. Futhermore, phosphorylation of Akt was increased in L6 cells treated with POE compared to that of vehicle control (p < 0.05). pAkt expression was significantly accentuated with Akt inhibitor (LY294002).Conclusions : These results suggest that POE may have potential as a natural agent for prevention/improvement of diabetes, especially, regulation of blood glucose. Therefore, further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to investigate the single and 2-week repeated dose toxicity of DHP2, a hydrophobic drug delivery vehicle, in ICR mice. The test article was administered orally to mice at the dose levels of 2.5, 12.5 and 37.5 g/kg for single dose toxicity study and at the dose levels of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg for repeated dose toxicity study. In both studies, there were no treatment-related effects on mortality, clinical signs, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings and organ weights of all animals treated DHP2. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 2-week repeated oral dose of DHP2 may have no toxic effect in mice at a dose level of 10 g/kg. In the condition of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 10 g/kg/day for both sexes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2019

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) inhibitors are used clinically to reduce high blood glucose levels as an antidiabetic agent. However, the effect of the DPP-IV inhibitor gemigliptin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury and hypertension is unknown. In this study, we assessed the effects and mechanisms of gemigliptin in rat models of myocardial I/R injury and spontaneous hypertension. Gemigliptin (20 and 100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was administered intragastrically to Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks before induction of I/R injury. Gemigliptin exerted a preventive effect on I/R injury by improving hemodynamic function and reducing infarct size compared to the vehicle control group. Moreover, administration of gemigliptin (0.03% and 0.15%) powder in food for 4 weeks reversed hypertrophy and improved diastolic function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. We report here a novel effect of the gemigliptin on I/R injury and hypertension.