• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to derive medical devices with different management systems through comparison of domestic and overseas medical device product classification systems and to propose management conversion measures for the products. The definitions of medical devices were compared and the scope of medical devices defined by each country was confirmed through surveys of the Medical Device Act, Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetics Act (FD&C) in the U.S., and Medical Device Regulations (MDR) in Europe. Using the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's regulations on medical device products and grades, 21 CFR part 860-892 and product code classification files in U.S., and EMDN in Europe as basic data to compare medical device products and derive medical devices with different management systems. As a result of comparing the definition and product classification systems of medical devices in Korea, the U.S. and Europe, medical device accessories, prosthetic limbs and aids among assistive devices for persons with disabilities, drugs, quasi-drugs and industrial products that are not managed by medical devices in Korea are managed as medical devices in the U.S. and Europe. This study aims to improve public health by securing systematic product safety management and essential performance under medical device regulations. Management within a single medical device system will increase the efficiency of licensing work of domestic medical device manufacturers and related organizations. It is also expected to help advance the system according to the international harmony of the item classification system and enhance smooth import and export competitiveness.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2022

Background: Agricultural handle equipment is present on all production areas' farms. They are handy and portable; however, excessive use can lead to acute traumas or accidental injuries. Repetitive movements, awkward postures, and hand-arm vibrations predispose them to pain and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to observe the interaction of handle equipment in terms of electromyographic activity and analyze the postural work-related alterations. Materials and methods: Twenty male agricultural operators, mean age 24±1.54 years, underwent the electromyographic analysis testing their muscular activities with a brushcutter, electric saw, and hedge trimmer in four different test conditions. Results: The brushcutter proved to be the agricultural handle equipment with the higher mean frequency (3.37±0.38 Hz) and root mean square (5.25±1.24 ms^-2). Furthermore, the digital postural analysis showed a general asymmetry of the main arm and the respective side of the trunk. The head resulted right inclined in the anterior frontal plane by 5.7°±1.2°; the right scapula lower than the left in the posterior frontal plane (8.5°±1.8°), and a working trunk inclination of 34.15°±5.7°. Conclusions: Vibrations of handle equipment and awkward working postures represent a risk for agricultural operators. Preventive measures are required to avoid young operators from experiencing musculoskeletal disorders all lifelong.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of bovine brucellosis in Korea during January 2000~September 2004, which encompasses the period when the incidence of bovine brucellosis increased abruptly. Data from the National Animal Infectious Disease Data Management System were used for this study. A range of epidemiological measures was calculated including annual herd and animal incidence. During the study period, there were 1,183 outbreaks on 638 farms. In beef cattle, annual herd incidence increased from 0.2 (2000) to 11.5 (2004, to September) outbreaks per 10,000 and annual animal incidence varied between 3.4 (2000) and 105.8 (2004, to September) per 100,000, respectively. On 401 (62.9%) infected farms during this period, infection was eradicated without recurrence. Recurrence of infection was significantly higher on farms where abortion was reported (53.3%), compared to farms where it was not (30.0%). On beef cattle farms, infection was introduced most frequently through purchased cattle (46.2%). Based on the results of this study, the establishment and spread of brucellosis in the Korean beef cattle population were mainly due to incomplete or inappropriate treatment of aborted materials and the movement of infected cattle.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine whether any pretreatment parameters were associated with pharmacological effect or toxicity parameters after vincristine administration and to describe a mathematical model, which explains the interpatient pharmacodynamic variability. The relationship between patient characteristics and vincristine dose and hematological toxicity were evaluated. 68 pediatric and adolescence patients and 107 adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with vincristine $1.5mg/m^2/day$ IV and other anticancer drugs as scheduled. Complete blood counts and other blood test results were obtained. The input variables were age, gender, weight, lean body weight (LBW), height, body surface area, vincristine dose and total vincristine dose. The outcome measures were nadir values (white blood cells, absolute neutrophil counts, hemoglobin, and platelets); the absolute decrease, relative decrease, and survival fraction of blood cells. Polynomial regression analysis was carried out to determine the other significant covariates. The variability of $WBC_{nadir}$ was modeled with good precision and accuracy with a two-covariate model. This model should be validated and improved on with further clinical data. We believe that such pharmacodynamic modeling should be explored further to determine its performance and clinical relevance compared with modeling using pharmacokinetic parameter.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2022

In order to prevent mass infection of food poisoning in children, children's foodservice facilities should always thoroughly manage the hygiene and safety of meals. In this study, the hygiene management levels of daycare centers and kindergartens were compared according to the characteristics of foodservice facilities for four years from 2018, and the effect of the number of visits on the meal hygiene management scores analyzed. The facilities were divided into a small-scale and the group foodservice facilities and was divided into the Sprout group and the Fruit group according to the meal hygiene management level. As a result, the meal hygiene management of the Fruit group was generally better than that of the Sprout group, and the meal hygiene management scores in the second half of each year increased compared to the first half of the year. In addition, it was confirmed that the meal hygiene management scores in 2020, when the number of visits to foodservice facilities decreased due to COVID-19, was the worst compared to other years, and the decrease in the number of visits could affect the level of hygiene management. In conclusion, meal hygiene management of children's foodservice facilities should be applied differently depending on the characteristics of the facilities. Moreover, the number of visits and the hygiene management scores correlated, so it is considered that the appropriate number of visits should be maintained to improve the meal hygiene management level. However, in situations where it is necessary to prevent the spread of mass infectious diseases such as COVID-19, other active measures to replace visits should be proposed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine prerequisite-program performance of the hospital foodservice operation and develop measures for improvement of prerequisite-program performance. Methods: Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 hospital dieticians in the Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Daegu, and North Gyeongsang areas. Out of total questionnaires, 65 questionnaires were usable and the response rate was 38.7%. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program (ver 20.0) for ${\chi}^2-test$ and one-way ANOVA. Results: According to the result of the prerequisite-program evaluation, the percentage of 'appropriate', 'needs to be improved', and 'inappropriate' was 44.6%, 47.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. The score for the 'inappropriate' group was significantly lower than that of the 'appropriate' group or 'needs to be improved' group on the food safety management (p < 0.001), preparation facility management (p < 0.001), water management (p < 0.001), and storage transportation management (p < 0.05) parts. Holding rate of foodservice facility and equipments in the 'appropriate' group were significantly higher than in the others on convection oven (p < 0.01), air conditioner (p < 0.01), three-compartment sink (p < 0.01), hot-holding equipment (p < 0.01), cold-holding equipment (p < 0.05), exclusive thawing refrigerator (p < 0.05), and sterilizer for sanitary shoes (p < 0.05) items. Conclusion: To improve the quality of hospital foodservice, foodservice managers and HACCP specialists should develop and implement a prerequisite-program and a HACCP plan considering the characteristics of the hospital foodservice operation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the hazard of fungi in Garaetteok (Korean rice cake) by isolating and identifying of fungi contaminated with Garaetteok and investigating the possibility of mycotoxin production. Garaetteok used in this study were the ones that were returned back to the manufacturers in Jeollanam-do due to the presence of foreign matters presumed to be fungi. The fungi foreign matter was collected and inoculated on Potato dextrose agar, Malt extract agar, and Czapek yeast extract agar, and then cultured at 25℃ for 7 days. The micro-structure was observed under an optical microscope for the colonies in which pure isolation was confirmed. The gene sequencing of the product of amplified PCR was analyzed using the ITS primer. Colony-1 and 2 maintained the same properties in each tray, confirming that they were purely isolated. Budding cells were observed from the Colony-1, thus, it was determined to be yeast. Colony-2 was determined to be a fungus that belongs to Fusarium spp. as fusiform conidia were observed. As a result of gene sequencing, a total of 76 cases of fungi of Fusarium spp. were found, among which Fusarium solani was the most observed cases (53 cases). From the morphological and genetic identification, Colony-2 was identified as Fusarium spp., specifically, Fusarium solani. The fungi found in Fusarium spp. produce mycotoxins such as nivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisin, which may cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cancer. Conclusively, the results confirm the possibility of mycotoxin production by Fusarium spp. isolated from Garaetteok. Consequently, when an unknown fungus was found, it is necessary to isolate and identify the fungus, determine whether it is a mycotoxin producing species, and strengthen relative administrative measures, accordingly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3384-3389
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• 2009

There are two major problems with current National GAP system. One was false in traceability record because it was written or inputted by farmers or distributers and no other measures to check the accuracy was valid. The other was incapability of tracking back and recalling the contaminated agricultural products. For solving these matters, IT convergence model which combined information technology with agricultural experience is elaborated. In IT convergence model, video analytic system classifies every activity depending on the pre-programmed farming process and create the traceability data automatically. Also real time trace system based on USN would solve the problem of tracking back. This system transmits the present location and monitors data of agricultural products from farm to table at all times.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.378-381
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• 2001

Sulfamethazine has been widely used in swine for prevention or treatment of infections. Recently, the safety of the drug to consumers has been questioned because of carcinogenic effects. To prevent unwanted drug residues entering the human food chain, both government authorities and industries have established extensive control measures. The demands for reliable, simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost methods for residue analysis of foods are increasing nowadays. In this study, we established a rapid prediction test for the detection of cattle with violative tissue residues of sulfamethazine. The recommended therapeutic dose of sulfamethazine (withdrawal time, 15 days) was administered to each of 10 cattle. Blood was sampled before drug administration and during the withdrawal period. The concentration of sulfamethazine in plasma, determined by a semi-quantitative ELISA, was compared to that of an internal standard (10 ppb). The absorbance ratio of internal standard to sample (B/Bs) was employed as an index to determine whether drug residues in cattle tissues were negative or positive. That is, a B/Bs ratio less than 1 was considered residue positive and if larger than 1 was considered negative. All 10 plasma samples from non-treated cattle showed negative to sulfamethazine. Sulfamethazine was detected in plasmas of treated cattle until Day 7 of withdrawal period. The present study showed that the semi-quantitative ELISA could be easily adapted in predicting residues of sulfamethazine in live cattle.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.239-262
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• 2009

This study shed light on the status of Korean Kimchi industry in overseas markets and presented methods for promoting Kimchi industry of Gwangju Jeonnam metropolitan city and stimulating the export of Kimchi produced in Gwangju Jeonnam, a city that has come to the fore as the center of Kimchi industry, which aimed to explore the ways of ratcheting up competitiveness of Kimchi industry in the global market as Kimchi has become more likely to be globalized amid the recent "Korea Trend" boom and the growing consumption of fermented food. Therefore, methods for promoting Kimchi industry and stimulating the export of Kimchi should be explored to ensure the promotion of Kimchi industry and the stimulation of the export of Kimchi, ultimately restoring the status of Korea as the home of Kimchi, in consideration of the great spillover effect on the regional economy, through a series of measures such as the clusterization of Kimchi industry, expansion of cultural experience projects related to Kimchi for the globalization and the increased consumption of Kimchi, government support to increase Kimchi companies in size and achieve the modernization of Kimchi companies, introduction of Kimchi KS audit system and quality certification system, development of new product targeting global market and making Kimchi a high-end product, expansion of export, support of export market diversification, assurance of safety and price competitiveness of Kimchi, differentiated production and marketing strategy by means of technological research, and others.