• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 1991

본 연구는 21~23세의 여자 대학생 8명을 대상으로 4주간 평상시와 같은 생활 양식과 적정 체중을 유지 시키면서 각 대상자들이 섭취한 모든 음식과 배설한 대변 및 소변을 수거하여 iron, copper 및 cobalt의 함량을 측정하여 1인 1일당 섭취량과 배설량을 측정하였다. Iron 섭취량은 원자 흡광광도계로 측정한 설측치와 식품 분석표에 의거하여 얻은 환산치와의 관계를 비교하였다. 그 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1일 1인당 각 대상자별 평균 섭취량은 iron $13.85{\pm}1.10mg/day,\;copper\;1.44{\pm}0.14mg/day\;그리고\;cobalt는\;3.25{\pm}0.18mg/day$이었다. 1일 1인당 각 대상별 소변으로의 평균 배설량은 iron $1.38{\pm}0.27mg/day\;copper\;0.06{\pm}0.01mg/day\;그리고\;cobalt\;0.59{\pm}0.07mg/day$이었다. 1일 1인당 각 대상자별 대변으로의 평균 배설량은 iron $7.66{\pm}0.79mg/day\;copper\;0.59{\pm}0.11mg/day\;그리고\;cobalt\;0.94{\pm}0.16mg/day$이었다. Iron의 실측치는 $13.85{\pm}1.10mg/day$이었고 환산치는 $15.26{\pm}1.17mg/day$로 실측치가 환산치에 비하여 9% 낮았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.126-133
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• 1980

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutritional status of special working persons related to health status, nutrient intake and living environment. The survey was conducted on workers in 9 general hospitals and 2 factories from Nov. 24 in 1979 to Jan. 20 in 1980. Nurses, medical doctors on intership or residency, and factory workers were chosen as subjects because of their irregular working hours, i.e., they sometimes work during the day and. sometimes at night. The total number of subjects was 417 for nurses, for medical doctors was 91, and was 216 for factory workers, all together 724 subjects were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Average nutrient intake of subjects per day. For nurses the caloric intake was 1743 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 251g(57.6%), protein 81g (18.5%), and fat 46g (23.9%). Other nutrient intake, such as iron (16mg), thiamin (0.98mg), riboflavin (1mg) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For male medical doctors, the caloric intake was 2064 Kcal, This was composed of carbohydrate 288g (55.8%), protein 102g (19.8%) and fat 56g (24.4%). Other nutrient consumption, such as riboflavin (1.31mg) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For female medical doctors, the caloric intake was 1909 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 156g(53.7%), protein 90g (18.9%) and fat 58g (27.4%). For male factory workers, caloric intake was 1699 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 317g(74.5%), protein 64g (15.0%) and fat 20g(10.5%). Other nutrient intake, such as vitamin A (4765IU), ascorbic acid (46mg) and riboflavin (1.11mg) were lower than the recommended dietary allowance. For female factory workers, the caloric intake was 1630 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 287g (70.5%), protein 65g (15.8%) and fat 25g (13.7%). Other nutrient consumption, such as iron (15mg), riboflavin (1.04mg), ascorbic acid (42mg), and vitamin A (4334IU) was lower than the recommended dietary allowance. The percentage of animal protein to total protein was 65.2% in nurses, 67.4% in male medical doctors, 64.9% in female medical doctors, 38.6% in male factory workers, and 45.6% in female factory workers. 2) The average Kaup's value of subjects was 1.9 in nurses, 2.2 in male mcdical doctors, 1.9 in female medical doctors, 2.0 in male factory workers, and 2.1 in female factory workers. 3) The health status of subjects according to their self diagnosed answer was as follows; The percentage of food health was 82. 7% in nurse, 82.7% in nurse, 83.5% in medical doctor, and 56% in factory workers. The remainder answered that they were in poor health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1481-1497
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between serum lipid profiles, apolipoprotein E phenotype, and dietary patterns in a cross-section of healthy individuals from Cheju-Do. Age, gender, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, dietary consumption, drinking / smoking habits and menopausal status were surveyed. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were measured from overnight fasting blood. The study involved a total of 286 individuals(147 men and 139 women) between the ages of 20 and 60 years old. All of the subjects were recruited from a population of healthy individuals living in Cheju-Do. The results of the study are as follows : 1) Among the males, those in their 20's had the maximum food intake, while those in their 40's had the minimum food intake. For the females, food intake was the highest for those in their 30's. Energy and nutrient intakes were directly proportional to the amount of food intake. Men in their 30's were heavier than other men and women in their 40's were heavier than other women. The activity index for men in their 20's and 30's appeared to be lower than that of men above 40. The activity index of women in their 20's appeared to be lowest among all aged groups, and the index appeared to increase from the age of 30 onwards. 2) In terms of changes In serum constituents with age, men in their 40's appeared to have the highest levels of serum constituents such as lipids, glucose, and insulin. Men in their 50's showed the highest levels of serum LDL-cholesterol and glucose. Men in their 30's showed peak levels of serum triglycerides. On the other hand, women in their 50's appeared to have peak levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. There was no ch:ange with age in HDL-cholesterol and insulin levels for men and women. The percentage of the subjects had the following apo E phenotypes : E3/3, 91.3% ; E3/2, 5.4% ; E4/3, 2.5% ; E4/2, 0.7%. Lee's reserch with Korean female college students showed that the percentage of ApoE3/3, E3/2, E 4/2, E4/3, and E4/4 were 84.8%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 0.9%, 0.9%, respectively. The number of samples with ApoE mutation was so small that there was no statistical significance in the relation between apolipoprotein E phenotype and se겨m lipids. 3) To investigate the relati onship between weight and serum constituents, the subjects of this study were divided into three groups by BMI underweight, normal weight, and overweight. The serum constituents of men and women below the age 40 in the overweight groups belonged to the normal domain. On the other hand, serum cholesterol levels of both men and women above the age 40 in the overweight groups remained in the borderline-high region(above 200mg/dl), and the mean value of LDL-cholesterol(above 130mg/dl) and triglycerides of men were above normal. Fasting blood glucose levels also remained in the borderline-high region. Total cholesterol levels of women above the age 40 in the overweight group was in the borderline-high region. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1481-1497, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2006

The purpose of our study was to evaluate an association between milk consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) of female college students in Korea. The dietary data of 1,410 Korean college students living in the vicinity of Seoul area were collected through the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The mean age, height, weight and 8MI of the subjects were 20.4 years, 162.1 cm, 52.7 kg, and $20.0\;kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean intakes of energy, protein, and phosphorus were 2,398.7 kcal, 95.2 g, and 1,302.9 mg respectively, which were above their EER or Recommended Intake (RI), but the mean intake of calcium was 657.8 mg which was below its RI, and 44.0% of the subjects did not meet Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of calcium. The daily milk consumption was 131.1 g, and the total consumption of milk and dairy product was 228.7 g. Forty five percent of the subjects consumed $50{\sim}200\;g$ of milk or dairy products. After the analysis of their dietary intakes, the subjects were divided into quintiles of total consumption of milk and dairy product, which were considered as major source of dietary calcium. Ninety two subjects from the upper quintile (UQ) and 85 subjects from the lower quintile (LQ) were selected and their bone mineral densities (BMD) of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and the femur were examined by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD $(g/cm^2)$of L1, L2, L3, and average of femur were 1.065, 1.150, 1.187, and 0.988 for the UQ subjects, which were significantly higher than those of the LQ subjects, 1.010, 1.090, 1.146, and 0.942 respectively. Moreover, the T-scores of the UQ were significantly higher than those of the LQ. The prevalence rates of osteopenia classified according to WHO's criterion were 12.0% in the UQ. and 20.0% in the LQ group which showed non significant. Blood levels of calcium, and phosphorus of UQ and LQ group were both within the normal range, and were not significantly different. Our results showed that UQ group presented the better status of bone mineral density and bone health. Therfore our results suggest that continuous consumption of more than one and a half cups of milk per day, which corresponds to the least amount of UQ group's consumption, would affect positively on the bone health of Korean adults.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8391-8396
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• 2016

Thailand is becoming an aging society, this presenting as a serious problem situation especially regarding health. Chronic diseases found frequently in the elderly may be related to dietary intake and life style. Surin province has been reported as a risk area for liver fluke with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinma especially in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly in Surin province, northeast of Thailand. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 people aged 60 years and above, between September 2012 and July 2014. The participants were selected through a randomized systematic sampling method and completed a pre-designed questionnaire with general information, food recorded, weight, height, waist circumference, and behavior regarding to food consume related to liver fluke infection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The majority of participants was female (63.5%), age between 60-70 years old (75.6%), with elementary school education (96.6%), living with their (78.9%), and having underlying diseases (38.3%). Carbohydrate (95.3%) was need to improve the consumption. The participants demonstrated under-nutrition (24.4%), over-nutrition (16.4%), and obesity (15.4%). Elderly had a waist circumference as the higher than normal level (34.0%). Gender, female, age 71-80 years old, elementary school and underlying diseases were significantly associated with poor nutritional status. The majority of them had a high knowledge (43.0%), moderate attitude (44.4%), and moderate practice (46.2%) regarding food consumption related to liver fluke infection. In conclusion, these findings data indicated that elderly age group often have an under- or over-nutritional status. Carbohydrate consumption needs to be improved. Some elderly show behavior regarding food consumption that is related to liver fluke infection hat needs to be improved, so that health education pertaining good nutrition is required.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1734-1739
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• 2012

본 연구는 다이어트가 여대생들의 변비유병율에 미치는 영향 및 관련요인을 조사하고자 수행되었다. 다이어트 유무에 따라 대조군 116명과 다이어트군 135명으로 나누어 비교하였다. 다이어트군의 평균 신장과 체중은 $161.96{\pm}4.460$ cm, $53.87{\pm}6.645$ kg이었으며 대조군의 경우는 $161.42{\pm}4.492$ cm, $52.77{\pm}7.935$ kg으로 서로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 변비유병율을 살펴보았을 때 대조군이 20.7%, 다이어트군이 61.5%로 대조군에 비해 다이어트군에서 변비유병율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 대조군의 열량섭취량은 $1587.53{\pm}276.918$ kcal인 것에 비하여, 다이어트군의 열량섭취량은 $1450.47{\pm}328.94$ kcal로 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.001). 대조군의 식이섬유 섭취량은 $16.18{\pm}3.64$ g, 다이어트군의 식이섬유 섭취량은 $14.0{\pm}3.8$ g으로 대조군에 비해 다이어트군에서 식이섬유 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮게 섭취하였다(p<0.001). 대조군의 수분 섭취량은 $637.9{\pm}149.7$ g, 다이어트군에서 수분 섭취량은 $595.6{\pm}173.3$ g으로 다이어트군에서 유의적으로 낮게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 대조군에 비하여 다이어트군에서 단백질, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 나트륨 등의 섭취가 적었다(p<0.05). 변비유병율은 식습관점수, 운동생활습관점수, 식이섬유의 섭취, 수분섭취의 세가지 항목에서 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.05, p<0.001). 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 다이어트를 하는 여대생에서 변비유병율이 높게 나타났으며 변비유병율을 높이는 관련 요인으로 식이섬유와 수분의 섭취가 확인되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2013

본 연구는 20대부터 50대까지의 광주, 전남에 거주하는 180명의 건강한 성인 여성을 대상으로 진행되었다. 골대사지표로 골형성지표인 BAP와 OC, 골흡수지표인 NTx를 측정하였으며 골밀도로는 T-score를 이용하였다. 일반적 특징으로 영향 요인으로 연령, 음주, 신체 활동량, 골다공증에 대한 가족력, 폐경, 건강기능성식품 섭취 여부, BMI, 체지방률을 분석하였다. 연령에 따라 비교했을 때 BAP와 OC는 20대가 다른 나이군에 비해 낮았고 음주군은 비음주군에 비해 BAP가 더 높았다. 활동 정도에 따라서는 차이가 없었고 골다공증에 대한 가족력이 있는 군은 골다공증에 대한 가족력이 없는 군에 비해 BAP가 더 높았다. 또한 폐경군은 폐경전군에 비해 BAP가 더 높았으며 건강보조식품 섭취 여부에 따라서는 생화학적 골대사지표나 골밀도의 차이가 없었다. BMI에 따라서는 생화학적 골대사지표 및 골밀도의 차이가 없었지만 체지방률에 따라 분류했을 때는 정상군에 비해 비만군의 BAP가 더 높았고 골밀도는 더 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 노령군, 음주, 골다공증에 대한 가족력, 폐경, 비만이 있는 경우 골형성지표가 증가하였고 특히 비만군에서 골밀도가 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 골대사지표로 보았을 때, 한국인 여성들은 골 건강을 위해서 나이가 증가함에 따라 음주 및 비만 관리가 중요함을 시사하였다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2016

간편성과 저렴한 가격, 대중매체를 통한 광고의 영향으로 청소년 소비층이 증가하지만, 한편 정크 푸드(junk food)'라는 오명을 지니는 패스트푸드에 대하여 대전에 거주하는 고등학생을 대상으로 섭취 실태를 조사하였다. 섭취빈도 조사 결과 프라이드치킨은 33회/년, 햄버거 29회/년, 피자 17회/년 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 햄버거, 피자, 프라이드치킨의 섭취빈도는 BMI 비만도별, 아침과 저녁 식사빈도별, 패스트푸드를 처음 먹었던 시기별 차이가 없었으며, 용돈의 경우 피자와 프라이드치킨은 용돈액수가 많은 사람이 섭취빈도가 높았다. 패스트푸드의 섭취자제 점수는 저체중 또는 비만 학생이 정상 체중의 학생보다 높았으며, 기대체격별 패스트푸드 섭취자제 점수는 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 비만도, 식사 빈도, 패스트푸드의 처음 섭취 시기는 패스트푸드 섭취빈도와 관련이 없었던 반면, 용돈액수는 많을수록 패스트푸드의 섭취빈도가 높았던 것으로 나타나 용돈액수를 줄이는 것이 패스트푸드의 섭취빈도를 낮추는 효과적인 수단으로 확인되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2012

This study was performed in order to investigate dietary habits, health related lifestyle and blood cadmium and lead levels in female college students. 80 college students (43 males and 37 females) participated in the survey questionnaires. Body weight and height, blood pressure, and body composition were measured. The systolic blood pressure of male and female students were $128.9{\pm}13.9$ and $109.8{\pm}12.0$, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure of male and female students were $77.1{\pm}10.3 $and $66.0{\pm}6.9$, respectively, showing that male students had significantly higher blood pressure than female students (P < 0.001). The BMI of male and female students were $23.4{\pm}3.3$ and $20.2{\pm}2.3$, respectively. Most male students were in the range of being overweight. The dietary habits score of female students was significantly higher than that of male students (P < 0.01).The blood cadmium level of male and female students were $0.54{\pm}0.23$ and $0.52{\pm}0.36$, respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female students. The blood lead level of male and female students were $1.09{\pm}0.49 $and $0.59{\pm}0.45$, respectively. The blood lead level of male students was significantly higher than that of female students (P < 0.001). The blood cadmium level of smokers and nonsmokers were $0.69{\pm}0.29 $and $0.49{\pm}0.29$ respectively (P < 0.05). The blood cadmium level of smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers (P < 0.05). The blood lead level of smokers and nonsmokers were $1.09{\pm}0.43$ and $0.80{\pm}0.54$, respectively. The blood lead level of smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers (P < 0.05). Therefore, proper nutritional education programs are required for college students in order to improve their dietary and health related living habits.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.701-711
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• 2000

본 연구는 우리나라의 식생활에 적절한 영양 평 가 방법을 제시하는데 기여하고자 하는 목적으로, 경북지역에 거주하는 성인 남녀 196명을 대상으로 24시간 회상법을 통해 개인별 영양소 섭취상태를 조사한 후 영양상태를 질적, 양 적으로 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 경북지역 성인 남녀의 일일 평균 영양소 섭취량은 비교적 양호한 편이나, 칼슘과 비타민 A에서 영양 권장량보다 적은 83%, 77%를 섭취했으며, 칼슘을 제외한 모든 영양소에서 남자의 평균 섭취량이 여자의 평균 섭취량보다 많았다. INQ로 살펴본 영양소 섭취의 질적 평가는 비타민 C가 2.39로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 비타민 A가 0.84, 칼슘이 0.89의 점수를 보여 Ca과 비타민 A는 양과 질 측면에서 우려되는 것으로 조사되었다. 평균 영양소 적정도는 남자가 0.88, 여자가 0.86으로 남녀 간에 차이가 없었다. 영양소 섭취량과 각 용니과의 상관관계에서 남자의 경우에는 영양소 섭취량과 유의 한 관계를 나타내는 요인으로서 지방과 연령 사이에만 유의한 양의 관계가 나타난 반면 여 자의 경우에는 나이, 식사 섭취 횟수는 대부분의 영양소에서 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보 였다. 남자는 가계 총수입이 높을수록 식사 중의 비타민 B2 영양밀도가 높았으며 여자의 경 우에는 INQ 중에서 인(p<0.050)과 철분(p<0.05)이 연령과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. MAR은 여자의 경우에 한하여 연령(p<0.05)과 양의 상관관계를, 학력(p<0.01)과 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 하루식사횟수(p<0.001)와도 유의한 양의 관계를 나타내었다. 이 상을 종합해 볼 때 경북지역에 거주하는 성인의 경우 남자가 여자에 비해 영양섭취상태가 전반적으로 양호하다고 할 수 있으며 여자 20대의 경우에 영양섭취가 가장 저조하였고 특히 칼슘과 비타민 A의 섭취가 부족하였다. 이연령층은 임신, 출산과 연결되는 영양취약집단이 므로 이들을 대상으로 규칙적인 식사의 중요성과 다양한 식품의 섭취를 홍보하는 영양교육 이 보건소를 통해 강화되어야 하리라고 보여진다.