• 제목/요약/키워드: food hazards

검색결과 243건 처리시간 0.036초

미국 식품의약품안전청 식품안전 현대화법에 대한 국내 식품산업의 대처 방안 (Preparedness of food industry in korea for united states food and drug administration food safety modernization act)

  • 김장호;은종방
    • 식품과학과 산업
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2016
  • Even though the food safety system in the United States is one of the best in the world, many millions of people become sick and thousands die from foodborne illnesses caused by any of a number of microbial pathogens and other contaminants. Large recalls of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food Drug and Administration (US FDA)-regulated food products due to findings of E. coli O157:H7, Listeria, Salmonella, and other problems occur each year. As the US FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) passed in 2011, FSMA will require food processing, manufacturing, shipping, and other regulated entities to conduct an analysis of the most likely safety hazards and to design and implement risk-based controls to reduce or eliminate these hazards. FSMA also mandates increased scrutiny of food imports, which account for a growing share of U.S. food consumption; food import shipments will have to be accompanied by documentation showing that they can meet safety standards that are at least equivalent to those in the U.S. On September 17, 2015, the US FDA published final rules for Preventive Controls for Human and Animal Food and, continuing into 2016, the US FDA intends to finalize the remaining five rules it has proposed to implement FSMA. Among these rules, this article will review and discuss Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule and its components, and suggest how to comply with these FSMA rules as foreign human food and ingredients suppliers to the US.

HACCP in Changran Jeotgal

  • Park Mi-Yeon;Choi Seung-Tae;Chang Dong-Suck
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 2002
  • The HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) concept becomes an important aspect of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in safe food production. The HACCP plan was developed with food safety objective. The authors already carried out hazards analysis on Changran Jeotgal manufacturing process in a previous report. In this study we developed a HACCP plan on the manufacturing process of Changran Jeotgal. We could decide two CCPs those were salt concentration and eliminations of foreign materials before packaging. Foreign materials should be certainly checked out with laser detector just before packaging. Salt should be maintained more than $8\%$ to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in end product. On the Jeotgal process free water is removed after salting and Jeotgal is seasoned with several subsidiary materials such as com syrup. In result end products have $8\%$ salt with water activity 0.82. Most bacteria are inhibited but some can live in this condition. Materials on the working may be contaminate by pathogens, chemicals or physical hazards. It will be decreased by SSOP (standard sanitary operating program). The SSOP needed in Jeotgal plants is nearly same as other general food manufacturing plants but essential to fulfill HACCP program.

1998 - 2008 발생한 식품안전관련 사건.사고 분석 (The Analysis of Food Safety Incidents from 1998 to 2008 in Korea)

  • 박경진
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.162-168
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    • 2009
  • 식품안전관련 사건 사고는 점차 대형화되면서 지속적으로 계속 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1998년 1월부터 최근 2008년 10월까지 국내에서 발생한 주요 식품안전사건사고와 관련하여 다양한 언론매체에서 발표된 자료를 수집하고 그 발생현황에 대한 분석을 시도하였다. 총 1,206건이 발생한 것으로 조사되었으며, 이중 중복내용과 순수 식품안전사건 사고와 관련이 없는 부분을 제외하면 약 11년간 총 569건이 발생한 것으로 조사되었다. 이를 연도별로 보면 평균 51.7건이, 월별로 보면 평균 4.9건이 발생하였다. 주요 원인식품군에 있어 수산식품과 식육 및 육가공품, 과자류, 음료류, 특수영양식품군, 다류, 면류, 장류, 우유 및 유제품 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 식품유형에 있어서는 즉석섭취편의식품, 육류, 과자, 건강보조식품, 침출차, 영아용 조제식 및 육가공품, 인삼제품, 체중조절용 조제식품 등의 순으로 나타났다. 위해요소(원인물질)별로는 화학적 위해요소가 247건(43.4%)으로 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 다음이 생물학적 위해요소로 126건(22.1 %), 물리적 위해요소는 97건(17.0%)의 순으로 나타났다. 위해요소의 발생단계에 대한 분석을 보면, 원료차원에서 가장 많은 364건(64%)이 발생하였고, 다음이 제조가공단계로 151건(26.5%), 유통 및 판매단계가 44건(7.7%)으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서와 같은 자료의 정리 및 분석은 추후 식품안전정책 및 HACCP의무적용 등에 있어 우선적으로 다루어야 할 품목을 선정하는 데 있어 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

An Overview of Techniques in Enzyme Immobilization

  • Nguyen, Hoang Hiep;Kim, Moonil
    • Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2017
  • Immobilized enzymes have become the subject of considerable interest due to their excellent functional properties such as reusability, cost-effectiveness, and optimality during the past decades. Enzyme immobilization technology is not only used in industrial processes, but also a component technology of products for medical diagnostics, therapy, food industry, bio energy, and biomaterial detection. In this review, new methods for enzyme immobilization are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of techniques in enzyme immobilization will be also discussed.

A Study on Microbiological Hazard Analysis according to the Steaming Process of Various Rice Cakes

  • Kim, Jung-Yun;Park, Da-Hyun;Rha, Young-Ah
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.20-26
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    • 2017
  • To guarantee the safety of rice cake production, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system was applied to the production process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microbiological hazards of the manufacture of rice cakes, and establish critical limits in the process of the manufacturing rice cakes. To control the microbiological hazards, the sterilization process was set to a critical limit. The process of manufacturing rice cakes can reduce these microbiological hazards during the steaming process. A microorganism test for each specimen was conducted three times and compared with before and after steaming processes. The finished product was conducted by microbiology experiment and the validity of the steaming process was verified. The results were determined to be capable of reducing the biological element of Critical Control Point via the steaming process. Microbiology such as aerobic plate count, coliform, Escherichia coli(E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens was evaluated by the experimental method of Korean Food Standards Codex. Aerobic plate count was reduced by steaming process, and no microorganism were detected. All rice cakes in the finished product were judged to be safe for both the Escherichia coli and general bacteria. In conclusion, it suggested that a HACCP plan was necessary for management standard and systematic approach in the establishment of critical limit, problem resolution, verification method, education, and records management. Based on this study, it is intended to provide a baseline for improving quality control standards and improving hygiene levels for small manufacturers.

식품 중 잔류농약의 분석 (Analysis of Pesticide Contaminants in Food)

  • 김종규
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.90-93
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    • 1993
  • Increasing Public Concern : Pesticide residue is probably one of the fastest growing problems in regard to environmental contamination. Pesticide use in agriculture in this century has produced certain benefits, including a decrease in crop waste and an increase in crop yields and food quality. However, pesticide use also creates problems of having effects on the environment and remaining in food chain. The presence of pesticide residue in food, water, and soil has aroused public concern over potential health hazards. Despite information provided by national and private level agencies suggesting that food is safe, consumer groups worldwide are demanding assurance as to the safely of agricultural products.

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방사성낙진(放射性落塵)의 피해감소(被害減少)를 위한 식품조리상(食品調理上)의 문제점(問題點)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察) (Proposals to Reduce Nuclear Fallout Intake in Food Preparation)

  • 이묘숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 1978
  • The hazards to man of nuclear fallout produced by the nuclear tests in the atmosphere were briefly discussed. Seriousness of hazards due to Sr-90 existing not only in the nuclear fallout but also in the spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste was pointed out. The uncertainty in health hazards to Koreans coming from the relatively low fraction of Ca intake from dairy products was stressed. In order to minimize the possible additional damage due to the particular Korean meal pattern, the investigation of ways to reduce the Sr-90 intake from Korean foods was proposed.

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Safety Inspection on Jeotgal, Salt-Fermented Sea Food

  • Park Mi-Yeon;Lee Myung-Suk;Chang Dong-Suck
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2002
  • Jeotgal, salt- fermented sea food, is a kind of Korean traditional foods. We carried out hazard analysis on Changran (stomach and intestine of Alaska pollack) Jeotgal and squid Jeotgal through the whole processing procedures at H Co. located at Guryongpo from April 2000 to September 2001. During this studying period, we educated employee regularly and analyzed hazards on the whole process and then could conclude that pathogenic bacteria and metal particles were most important hazards in Jeotgal. Metal particles in end-product will be eliminated by laser detector before packaging. But bacteria must thoroughly manage through the whole process. Bacteriological qualities of the end products were much improved after education for the employees and by effort for HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) program introduction. Pathogenic bacteria such as pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not detected from not only raw materials but also end products. The falling bacteria in the places such as thawing area, packaging area, seasoning area, fermenting room, subsidiary materials room and storage room were less than 30 CFU per plate for 30 minutes during working time. But those were increased more than 10 times during the resting time. It means that special measures are needed during the break time such as lunch time or exchanging working teams.

식품접객 업소의 위생개선을 위한 검사항목 개발과 활용에 관한 연구 -HACCP 모델을 이용한 기여인자 분석방법으로 (Development of an Inspection Item and its Application for the Hygienic Improvement of Food service Establishments Using)

  • 홍종해;이용욱
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.133-145
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    • 1992
  • The sanitation inspection is the most frequently used procedure to protect foods prepared in foodservice establishments. In order to enhance foodservice inspections and to improve post-inspection remedial measures, more practical evaluation methods for sanitation are required. The HACCP approach is based upon factors which contribute to foodborne disease rather than of factors which relate to aesthetics. Contributing factors for foodborne diseases from food service establishments reported in USA, Candada, and England were analyzed to identify potential hazards during practical foodservice operations. Hazards were classified at critical control points by risk ranking, Twenty-two observable practical indicators relating to each contributing factor were selected and adjusted to standardized procedures and hazard determiners at critical control points, The weights for each inspection item were ranked as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 according to the risk level of contributing factors. And also application for the inspection item in different 6 types of work procedures were suggested for the use of specialized foodservice establishment and cafeteria, and of manager's self inspection in each establishment.

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시판 즉석섭취 샌드위치류의 미생물학적 위해분석과 HACCP 적용 후 품질개선 효과 (Microbiological Hazard Analysis of Ready-to-eat Sandwiches and Quality Improvement Effect by Implementing HACCP)

  • 배현주;박해정
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 2011
  • This study was performed to analyze the microbiological hazards of ready-to eat sandwiches and to evaluate the effect of implementing a hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) for quality improvement of ready-to-eat sandwiches. In total, 174 samples were examined for the microbiological hazard analysis. About 37.4% of the samples had an aerobic plate count ${\geq}$6 log CFU/g, and the numbers of coliforms exceeded 3 log CFU/g in 82.2% of the samples. Additionally, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella spp. were detected in 10.3%, 4.6%, 1.1% of sandwiches, respectively. In contrast, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in any of the samples. The results of the microbiological verification after implementing a HACCP throughout the production process indicated that S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the samples. Consequently, implementing a HACCP is effective for quality improvement of ready-to-eat sandwiches.