• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.689-698
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes of college students, divided into subgroups of normal weight men (no.=140), normal weight women (no.=101), and underweight women (no.=155) by body mass index. Frequency of food eaten, nutrient intakes from each meal, percentages of RDAs, and nutrient densities were analyzed using 24-hour recall records. It was very interesting in these results as follows. Normal weight men ate on the whole more frequently than other groups. Underweight women had higher intakes of nutrient than did normal weight women. However normal weight women consumed food of greater nutrient density than did other college students. Consequently, it is desirable to suggest nutrient density of food than learn RDAs for adequate diet in nutritional education programs.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2006

Modification of the diet during childhood and adolescence may be an effective strategy for maximizing the peak bone mass. Many supplementation studies have suggested a positive effect of the increased vitamin D intake on the bone mineral status in the elderly. However to date all studies have been conducted on old men and postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the bone mineral density and bone mineral content in growing rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into two groups; Control, and vitamin D supplementation. The bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) were measured using PIXImus in the spine and femur. Vitamin D supplementation did not affect the level of weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. In addition, vitamin D supplementation had no added effect on the spine and femur BMD, and BMC. There were no significant differences in the spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight between the groups, but the spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight was 11 % higher in the vitamin D supplementation group. The femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight were significantly higher in the vitamin D supplementation group 9 weeks after the experiment. These results provide evidence of the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on the BMD during the growth period.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

Within the elderly population, the use of calcium supplements and the intake of calcium from food are on the rise in order to maintain health. Calcium is absorbed as an ion in vivo, leading to speculation that absorption efficiency is affected by the solubility of the calcium consumed. In our study, the bioavailability of two types of calcium supplements with different solubilities was evaluated. Experimental animals were fed water-soluble or insoluble calcium supplements for 6 weeks. We found that blood alkali phosphatase activity, osteocalcin content, and urine crosslinks values were not different between the groups. Similarly, the degree of apparent calcium absorption between the two calcium supplements was not significantly different. The bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the femur and the tibia increased in the group that consumed insoluble calcium compared with those of the water-soluble calcium supplemented group. However, when considering body weight, the bone mineral density value for all areas, including the spine, was significantly higher in the group that consumed the water-soluble calcium supplement.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the effect of isoflavone on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in growing male rats. Twenty male, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups, that underwent 9 weeks of experi-ental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two diet groups (casein group or casein supplemented with isoflavones). During 9 week of the study, food consumption was determined every other day through the measurement of total food given subtracting the food uneaten from original amount given. Rats in two experimental groups had similar initial body weights. At the end of experiment, however, the casein group had significantly greater body weights compared to casein supplemented with isoflavones group. It was also observed that the casein group had greater food intake comared to casein supplemented with isoflavones group. The difference in the final body weights of the groups was therefore due to difference in amount of food ingested, but could be due to the effect of isoflavones. Total BMD, spine BMD, and spine BMC per weight and femoral BMD per weight were significantly greater in casein supplemented with isolaones group than casein group. ALP and osteocalcin were significantly greater in the casein-fed group. Crosslink value was significantly lower in the casein supplemented with isoflavones group, All other variables were statistically similar between two groups. Overall, it can be concluded that casein supplemented with isoflavones beneficial for acquisition of bone mineral density and content on growing male rats.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.584-593
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diet quality of the menus delivered by 17 free meal service centers for the low-income home-bound elderly in Chung- cheong buk-Do. Statistical data analysis was compleleted using the SPSS package program for descriptive analysis, T-test, and ANOVA. The meals offered by free meal service centers were not met the 1/3 recommended dietary allowances in calcium and vitamin $B_2$. There were significant differences between dependent variables(nutrient content, nutrient density, nutrient deficiency, NAR, MAR, food group intake patterns) and independent variables (operation type, operation status, operation period, nutritionist, food cost).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2008

The effects of vitamin $D_{3}$ supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectmized rats were investigated. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 180 g) were divided into two group, ovariectomy and Sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed casein and casein supplemented with vitamin $D_{3}$ diets. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXlmus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 6 weeks after feeding. Osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups regardless of diets. Serum Ca concentration and urinary Ca excretion were higher in vitamin $D_{3}$ supplemented group than in casein group in Sham and OVX. Crosslinks values were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups. Spine BMD and femur BMD of ovariectomy group were significantly lower than Sham groups, however vitamin $D_{3}$ supplemented groups were significantly higher than control groups in Sham and OVX. In conclusion, dietary vitamin $D_{3}$ supplementation on ovariectimized rats were significantly increased bone mineral density and bone mineral content in spine and femur.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2001

본 연구는 동맥경화의 원인으로 알려진 사람 oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)에 대한 chitin sulfate의 산화억제 효과에 대하여 실험하였다. 사람 LDL을 쥐의 마크로파지 유도 oxidized LDL로 산화시킬 때 chitin sulfate를 첨가하여 TBARS와 전기영동에 의한 이동상 및 $O_2$소거 기능을 확인하였다. 사람 LDL에 macrophage를 이용해서 LDL을 산화시킬 때 chitin sulfate를 50~100 $\mu$M 첨가하였을 때 억제 효과가 높았으며, chitin sulfate를 100 $\mu$M 첨가하였을 때 LDL의 산화가 거의 억제되었고, 전기영동에 의한 이동거리도 100 $\mu$M chitin sulfate에서 완전히 억제되었다. 그리고 phorbol myristate acetate를 처리한 마크로파아지 유도 활성 산소의 소거 효과는 chitin sulfate의 농도가 100$\mu$M일 때 거의 소거하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 chitin sulfate는 동맥경화의 예방에 효과적이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2015

Aleurone layer of Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is enriched with anthocyanin that could increase bone density. This study was conducted to investigate the osteoporosis-preventing effects of the aleurone layer extract (BRE) on bone loss of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX (or sham-operated) rats were assigned to three groups (n=8 per group): sham operated group (Sham); OVX control group (OVX); OVX-BRE group, OVX rats treated with BRE at 90 mg/kg B.W. The deionized water alone or deionized water with BRE was orally administrated to Sham, OVX or OVX-BRE groups, respectively for 12 weeks. High fat diet with 45 kcal% fat and water were fed to all rats ad libitum. Body weight was significantly decreased in the OVXBRE group compared to the OVX group (p<0.05). The bone mineral density and bone length of tibia were significantly higher in the OVX-BRE group compared to the OVX group and breaking force was significantly higher for the both tibia and femur bones. Serum estradiol concentration and calcium concentration of femur were higher in the OVX-BRE group than those of OVX group. However, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone concentration were decreased in the OVXBRE group compared to the OVX group. The results suggest that aleurone layer of Black rice is a potentially useful ingredient to protect against estrogen deficiency or menopause related osteoporosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2006

To investigate the effects of dietary patterns on bone mineral density and its biochemical markers among Korean healthy college women for 2 years, 34 female college students were recruited through convenience sampling. Bone mineral density was measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) twice at baseline and two years later. Osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone were measured in fasting serum and N-teleopeptides of type collagen (NTx) in urine. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour recall method 8 times with average 4-month interval. Dietary patterns with percent energy of each food group using cluster analysis were classified into two groups. The first cluster (n = 16) was characterized with high consumption of bread, snack, fast foods, beverage and considerable of rice so it was determined as 'Modified dietary pattern group'. The second cluster was characterized with high consumption of rice and kimchi so determined as 'Traditional dietary pattern group'. There were no significant difference of age, menarcheal age, body mass index but percent of body fat by pattern groups. The traditional group showed higher value of bone mineral density among lumber spine and all femur sites at baseline and 2 years later but it was not significant after adjusted for percent of body fat. Serum osteocalcin and urine NTx was higher among the traditional group at baseline than the modified group. There were similar proportions of carbohydrate:fat:protein between groups but significantly higher intake of protein, iron, vitamin A among the traditional group. In conclusion, there were two distinctive dietary patterns among Korean college women. There was difference of bone mineral density and its biochemical markers between two patterns. Further research would be necessary to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and health risks for larger-sized and various populations.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of silymarin against human low density lipoproteins(LDL) oxidation. Silymarin extracted from Silybum marianum was successively purified with solvent fractionation and followed by silica gel column chromatography. The active substances were separated by HPLC and the isolated active substances, silymarin were identified by IR, NMR, GC-MS as silymarin. Silymarin inhibited at the 5 $\mu$M Cu2+-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) in a dose dependent manner. Silymarin completely inhibited LDL oxidation at 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ concentration. These findings suggest that silymarin may protect LDL against oxidation in atherosclerotic lessions.