• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.100-115
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• 1999

With the growing number of nutrient calculation software packages on the market, there are need to compare each programs. Since each program use different nutrient databases, the result of calculation may be different in value. In this study, we use three(A, B, C) most popular program package to compare the result of nutrient calculation. For the analysis, 24hour recall data from 97 preschool children, 66 university students and 95 aged persons were used. For the calculation if subjects gave the complete recipe, recipes from the subjects were used. Otherwise, recipe from the program database were used. Common 15 nutrients of which all program can give results, are analyzed and compared for mean nutrient intake and nutrient intake for food groups. Ten nutrients among 15 nutrients which have RDA were analyzed for % of RDA and the distribution of RDA. Mean nutrient intake of Fe, vitamin A, Na were statistically different among results of the calculation using three programs(p<0.001). The distribution of Fe, vitamin A and vitamin $B_2$, niacin were statistically different among three results of the calculation using three program(p<0.001, p<0.05). Nutrient intakes of food groups were statistically different in cereal and products, bean and products, vegetables, fruits, fishes and shellfishes, milk and products, beverages, and seasonings(p<0.0001). It is hard to say that the difference among three program are coming from the difference from nutrient database or recipe database in this study. With these result, we conclude that it is necessary to evaluate nutrient database and recipe database as the foremost consideration in selecting nutrient calculation software. Those differences should be considered when interpreting results, comparing results with other studies, and when developing treatment plans in the clinical settings.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.631-641
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preschool children's taste preferences on their intake of nutrients and the degree of dental caries. The subjects were 126 preschool children (boys 62 and girls 64) in Daegu area. Their taste preferences and food intake were investigated and their teeth were also examined. The energy intake of boys (1550 kcal) were significantly higher than that of girls (1441 kcal). Daily dietary intakes of nutrients-except niacin and vitamin C-were higher than those of RDA. Vitamin B$_1$ intake of the group preferring a salty taste was significantly lower than that of the other group (p<0.05). Vitamin B$_2$ intake of the group preferring a salty taste was significantly higher than that of the other group (p<0.05). Vitamin C intake of the group preferring a hot taste was significantly higher than that of the other group (p<0.05). The group with a preference for sweet had more experiences of dental caries and more decayed teeth than the other group, but which is not significant. The experiences of dental caries were negatively correlated with protein intake (p<0.01). The decayed teeth were negatively correlated with energy and protein intakes (p<0.01). Our data suggested that taste preferences are associated with vitamins intake and the degree of dental caries in preschool children. It means the sweet preference increased the experiences of the dental caries.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.236-250
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate difference in the diet by the kind of meal and the economic status. Nutrient contents at each meals were compared and differences in food intake at different meal were analyzed by economic status. Data from the 1998 Korean National Health Examination Nutrition Survey were used. Using the poverty line based on the 1998 Korean minimum cost of living, the subjects (n = 10400) were classified into high class (36.1％), middle class (40.7％) and low class (23.1 ％). Most nutrient intakes were obtained for main meals regardless of economic status. For high class, breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks bring about 21, 29, 30 and 19 ％ of total energy intake, for middle class 22, 29, 30 and 19％ and for low class 24, 30, 30 and 16％, respectively. The high-middle class people tend to get more food intakes and nutrients at dinner and snacks, while the low class at main meals. This result was associated with the consumption of a smaller number of meals and a greater number of snacks daily as the economic level was going up (p 〈 0.05). Meals contributed to energy, protein and fat intake, and snacks to water, retinol and vitamin C. The food intakes by food group were different at meals by economic class. Seaweed product were popular breakfast foods in both middle and low groups. Thus three meals such as breakfast, lunch and dinner still delivered most of the energy and most of the macro-nutrients regardless of economic status.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2003

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of health promotion at community level. Nutrients intake of 135 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall methods. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Our results indicated dietary intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ were insufficient when they were compared to Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Among five food groups, intakes of milk and dairy product was inadequate as compared to the recommended amount. When we compared the fatness indices to self-evaluated meal problems, overeating and speedy eating were significantly related to fatness indices. Fatness indices such as relative body weight(RBW) and body mass index(BMI) were significantly higher in the subjects who self-evaluated their unsound food behavior as overeating. However, there were no significant differences of food habit score and nutrition knowledge among groups classified by fatness or meal problem. Body fat ratio, frequencies of night snack and skipping meal significantly increased with age. Food habit score was positively related to health-concerned attitude and active attitude toward change. We concluded that nutrition education program for housewives should include detailed strategies to modify unsound food behaviors for healthy weight.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients intake, Rohrer index, serum cholesterol level, blood pressure and others for clinical and nutritional study on school children in Taejon. This survey was carried out in October, 1995. The subjects were 362 children, 6 to 11 years old. The results were summarized as follows. By Rohrer index, 4.6% of the children was lean, 69.6% was normal, 17.4% was overweight and 8.6% was obese group. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and skin fold thickness of all subjects were 111.7$\pm$15.7mmHg, 69.8$\pm$14.9mmHg and 14.5$\pm$7.3mm respectively. Systolic blood pressure and skin fold thickness were increased with Rohrer index. Total cholesterol, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in blood were 160.8$\pm$23.9mm/dl, 11.5$\pm$3.5mm/dl and 0.71$\pm$0.12mm/dl respectively but not significantly different among groups. These levels have a slight tendency to increase in obese group but not significantly different among groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were 41.3$\pm$4.7%, 13.1$\pm$1.6g/dl. These levels of 11 years old girls were lower than same aged boys. Composition ratio of total energy intakes were 65% of CHO, 13% of protein and 22% of fat. Energy and most nutrients intakes were insufficient except for P and vitamin C. Especially the amount of vitamin A, Fe, Zn and folate intakes were lower than halves of RDA'S. Most nutrients intake were not significantly different among groups. Pearson' correlation in Rohrer index with nutrients intakes were all negative correlation significantly different of K, Na and Thiamin.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.775-784
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• 1998

This study was conduced to investigate the seasonal variation of dietary intake and quality obtained by 24 hour recall method in Korean adults living in rural area. The mean daily intakes of 4 seasons were 1,692kcal for energy, 63g(14.8% of energy) for protein, 30g(15.7% of energy) for fat, 257g(60.7% of energy) for carbohydrate. Mean daily intakes were significantly highest in winter for most of the nutrients, and lower in summer for energy, fat, calcium, iron. Mena adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall nutritional quality was 0.65 in winter, 0.67 in spring, 0.65 in summer and 0.72 in autumn and nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) was significantly different fro vitamin C agmong different seasons. Subjects consumed usually 15.3 different foods in winter, 14.5 in summer, 13.9 in spring and 13.7 in autumn. The number of food consumed was positively correlated with intake of most nutrients, especially in autumn. For variety among the five major food groups(grain, meat, dairy, fruit, vegetable) with a dietary diversity scores(DDS) calculated, the average socre of DDS was 3 in all seasons and omitted food groups were usually dariy and fruit. In conclusion, dietary intake and quality of Korean adults were different according to seasons.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.202-219
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to evaluate the food and nutrients intakes of stomach cancer patients in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas in order to find out the dietary risk factors for stomach cancer. The subjects of the study were 102 patients who had recently been diagnosed with stomach cancer at the Gyeongbuk National University Hospital. The control subjects were 105 people including patients from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and healthy volunteers who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases. Estimates of nutrients intakes were determined from the food intake frequency data obtained by individual interviews using questionnaires. The mean daily calorie intakes of the control and the case groups were not significantly different. However the energy intake from protein was significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group. With regard to the nutrients intakes, the case subjects consumed significantly higher amounts of nutrients such as protein, calcium, sodium, phosphorus and niacin than the control group. The case group showed a tendency to consume higher amount of protein, fat, calcium and iron from animal food sources. In the present study dietary factors which were suspected as being risk factors for stomach cancer included high consumption of animal foods, specific nutrients such as protein, sodium and niacin, specific food groups such as meat, spices, and low consumption of fruits and mushrooms. Therefore, it is recommended that more extensive and systematic surveys be conducted to confirm the risk factors for stomach cancer, taking into consideration the dietary cultural characteristics of this region. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 202∼219, 2003).

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

The present study was aimed at evaluating whether white rice consumption has any association with selected measures of dietary intake and nutrients, including various variables of energy intake, major vitamin, mineral intakes, and the risk of health characteristics for over 60 years older. A total of 1,433 subjects (658 male and 775 females) 60 years or older from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey(KNHANES) 2010 participated and the Food Commodity Intake Database were used in this study. Levels of percent energy intake from rice were classified into 4 groups (R1, R2, R3, R4 groups: 25% of each) between male and female elderly using data from KNHANES. One of the interesting findings was that the higher rice consumers had a significantly sufficient intakes of a range of nutrients such as total energy intake, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, mineral, sodium, potassium, and niacin in female elderly, but not much in male. Other finding was that as the higher intake of rice group, prevalence of hypertension (53.5%, 63.4%, 50.3%, 46.3%, p=0.035), dyslipidemia (16.6%, 18.0%, 14.5%, 11.1%, p=0.008), sarcopenia (46.1%, 46.1%, 40.2%, 28.8%, p=0.012), sarcopenic obesity (25.4%, 31.5%, 23.7%, 15.5%, p=0.008) were significantly less than other groups in female, but not much in male. In conclusion, we obtained valuable basic information on recommended rice-centered diet could give us good nutritional status and eventually bring the prevention of some chronic diseases in elderly, especially in female.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.691-704
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relations among the three factors: 1) characteristics of family, 2) nutrient intake status and 3) academic achievements. The subjects in this study were 7,698 boys and girls attending primary, middle and high schools in South Korea. The questionnaire was made and distributed to the student to answer the questions about family background and food intake status. Food intake frequency method was used to examine nutrient intake status. Academic achievement results of last semester were taken from students school records. Followings are the results of the study:1. Most of the mean nutrient intakes were above the Korean recommended dietary allowances. However, calcium, iron, and vitamin A intakes were below the Korean recommended dietary allowances. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the intake of these nutrients in these students to meet the RDA.2. Total amounts of food intake were decreasing in higher grades and food intake of boys was higher than that of girls. 3. Educational period of parents and economic status of family had grades influences on student's academic achievement and nutritional status. The students with parents of higher education and higher economic status had better academic achievement and balanced nutritional status. 4. When students were divided into three groups with respect to the percentage of recommended nutrient intake, the group with nutrient intake of 75-125% of RDA achieved better academic achievement than other groups. In conclusion, educational length and economic status of parents and optimal intake of nutrients (75-125% of RDA)by students significantly affected academic achievements of the students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2003

To study the level of change in food and nutrient intake among different age groups, a dietary survey using the 24-hour recall method was conducted among 80 female elementary school children, 84 high school students, 100 adults from 25 to 35 years old and 120 elderly people over 60 years of age. The results of the study showed that plant food and total food intake were higher in adults and animal food intake was significantly higher in children. The percentage of plant food to total food intake was highest in the elderly and that of animal food to total food intake was highest in the children. The elderly consumed significantly less meat and poultry and more fish than the other groups. However, the children consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products. The elderly had the lowest Ca intake. Carbohydrate energy intake in the elderly was 70.3％, significantly higher than that for the other age groups. All of the age groups consumed a quantity of Ca below the Korean RDA and 77.5％ of the elderly consumed an amount below 75％ of the RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of most nutrients was lowest in the elderly. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.88 for the children, 0.84 for the adolescents, 0.80 for the adults, and 0.70 for the elderly. Therefore, the results show that food and nutrient intake changes with advancing age, and the overall quality of the diet of elderly people is lower than that for the other age groups.