• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2016

The effects of salt solution and chlorella on the quality of canned oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were evaluated to obtain basic data regarding the processing of two canned oyster products. In canned oyster processing, the shucked oyster meat was steamed for 20 min and then drained. Then, each can (301-3) was filled with 90 g boiled oyster in 60 mL 1.5% salt solution for the control samples or 30 mL 1.5% salt solution and 30 mL chlorella culture medium for the experimental samples. All canned products were sealed using a vacuum seamer and then sterilized to Fo values of 6-12 min in a steam retort system at 118℃. The viable bacteria count, proximate composition, pH, salinity, yield, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), amino-nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), mineral, color value, free amino acid levels, hardness, and sensory evaluation of the two canned products were measured under various sterilization conditions. There were no significant differences in the physical or chemical factors and little difference in the overall acceptance of the control and experimental samples.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

Lornoxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that decreases prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. It has analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two lornoxicam tablets, $Xefo^{\circledR}$ (Hyundai Pharmaceutical Ind. Co., Ltd.) and Lornocam (Samchundang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of lornoxicam from the two lornoxicam formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty eight healthy male subjects, $24.39{\pm}1.95$ years in age and $68.63{\pm}7.25$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\time}\;2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single tablet containing 4 mg as lornoxicam was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of lornoxicam in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t,\;C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Xefo^{\circledR},$ were -1.56%, 2.16% and -17.12% for $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max},$ respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log\;0.90{\sim}log\;1.05$ and $log\; 0.88{\sim}log\;1.17$ for $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max},$ respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Lornocam tablet was bioequivalent to $Xefo^{\circledR}$ tablet.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2010

Ibudilast, 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, is a nonselective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). It preferentially inhibits PDE 3A, PDE4, PDE10 and PDE11 as well as a number of the other PDE families, albeit to a lesser extent. Ibudilast is used clinically to treat bronchial asthma and cerebrovascular disorders. Thes e clinical uses are based on the ability of ibudilast to inhibit platelet aggregation, improve cerebral blood flow and attenuate allergic reactions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ibudilast capsules, Ketas capsule (Handok Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) and Pinatos capsule (Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The in vitro release of ibudilast from the two ibudilast formulations was tested using KP Apparatus method with various dissolution media. Twenty six healthy male subjects, 23.31${\pm}$1.09 years in age and 70.45${\pm}$8.51 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single capsule containing 10 mg as ibudilast was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ibudilast in serum were determined using HPLC/UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and computer programs (Equiv Test and K-BE Test 2002) were utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, Ketas, were 6.99%, -2.48% and 9.93% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.8791~log 1.1861 and log 0.8347~log 1.1199 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Pinatos capsule was bioequivalent to Ketas capsule.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2007

1. 무균포장밥의 종합적 식미에는 외관과 항보다 맛과 조직감의 상관이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 벼 품종별로 무균포장밥의 종합적 식미를 군집분석 한 결과 고품벼, 일품벼, 주남벼, 호평벼, 새추청벼, 상미벼, 삼백벼, 평안벼, 화성벼, 대안벼 및 남평벼가 식미가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 원료쌀 및 무균포장밥의 품질특성이 식미에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 상관분석을 실시한 결과 백미의 백도, 명도, 수분함량 등과는 정의 상관을 보이고 팽창용적 및 단백질 함량, 무균포장밥의 황색도 등과는 부의 상관을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 4. 저장기간에 따라 무균포장밥의 경도는 증가하고 응집성은 감소하나, 일단 가열을 한 뒤에는 유의한 물성 차이를 보이지 않았다. 5. 벼 품종 간에 무균포장밥 저장기간에 따른 유의한 품질변화는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2018

This study optimized the bone-softening and fishy odor-reducing process for mackerel Scomber japonicus products using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM showed that the optimum concentrations of doenjang and citric acid for reducing the fishy odor in bone-softened mackerel were 11.8% and 0.04%, respectively, and the optimum immersion time was 52.2 min. The estimated overall acceptance, salinity, and acidity of the products under these optimum conditions were 7.7 points, 1.1%, and 202.6 mg/100 g, respectively, which were similar to the actual measured values of $7.6{\pm}1.2$ points, $1.0{\pm}0.1%$ and $203.2{\pm}3.8mg/100g$. Moreover, the heating temperature and time for bone-softening based on RSM were $107.3^{\circ}C$ and 4.4 h, respectively. The estimated hardness and proportion of skin removed from the product under the optimal conditions were $161.5g/cm^2$ and 0.09%, respectively, which were also similar to the actual measured values of $171.1{\pm}12.6g/cm^2$ and $0.10{\pm}0.02%$. The optimum bone-softening and fishy odor-reducing process for mackerel consisted of the following steps: thawing (${\leq}10^{\circ}C$, 8 h), filleting, washing/dewatering, immersing in an 11.8% doenjang -0.04% citric acid solution for 52 min, washing/dewatering, heating ($107.3^{\circ}C$, 4.4 h), freezing, depanning, internal and external packaging, and X-ray detection treatment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of two oxiracetam tablets, Neuromed tablet (Korea Drug Co., reference drug) and Neuracetam tablet (Sam Jin Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Release of oxiracetam from the tablet in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty-four healthy volunteers, $23.7\;{\pm}\;2.4$ year in age and $68.9\;{\pm}\;6.2$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was performed. After oral administration of a tablet containing 800 mg of oxiracetam, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of oxiracetam in plasma were determined using HPLC-MS-MS. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were very similar at all dissolution media. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug were 0.42%, 0.45% and -12.58% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log0.94{\sim}log1.06$ and $log0.90{\sim}log1.07$ for $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$, respectively), indicating that Neuracetam tablet is bioequivalent to Neuromed tablet. The major pharmacokinetic parameters, $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$ met the criteria set by KFDA for bioequivalence indicating that Neuracetam tablet is bioequivalent to Neuromed tablet.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2008

Carvedilol, is a nonselective $\beta$-blocking agent and it also has vasodilating properties that are attributed mainly to its blocking activity at ${\alpha}_1$-receptors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two carvedilol tablets, $Dilatrend^{(R)}$ tablet 12.5 mg (Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Cadilan tablet 12.5 mg (KyungDong Pharmaceutical. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of carvedilol from the two carvedilol formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with pH 4.5 dissolution medium. Thirty two healthy male subjects, $25.00{\pm}3.09$ years in age and $70.71{\pm}11.35\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single tablet containing 12.5 mg as carvedilol was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of carvedilol in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in the tested dissolution medium. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Dilatrend^{(R)}$ tablet 12.5 mg, were 4.66%, 8.33% and -7.45% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $\log\;0.9823{\sim}\log\;1.1042$ and $\log\;1.0132{\sim}\log\;1.1875$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Cadilan tablet 12.5 mg was bioequivalent to $Dilatrend^{(R)}$ tablet 12.5 mg.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 1999

소스 분야의 과학화를 위하여 브라운소스를 대상으로 체계적인 품질평가와 그 제법의 최적화를 연구하였다. 또한 소스 관련 호텔 조리사를 패널요원으로 선정하고 실제 현장에서 사용되고 있는 브라운소스의 제법을 적용하여 매우 유효한 실무 자료를 제시하였다. 브라운소스 제법의 중요한 조건인 루(roux)의 첨가량과 가열시간의 수준을 $3^2$ 요인계획으로 설계하여 소스를 제조하고 관능검사를 통하여 소스의 색깔, 풍미, 점성, 맛, 종합적 기호도를 평가하였다. 관능검사 결과로부터 패널요원 12명의 시료간 기호도의 식별 능력과 평가 성향을 분석하여 신뢰성이 우수한 패널요원 9명의 평가 결과만을 반영하였다. 소소의 기호도는 루의 첨가량 11, 9, 13% 그리고 가열시간 8, 9, 7시간의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 소스 제법을 독립변수로 정하고 기호도를 종속변수로 하여 2차 모형을 가정한 반응표면분석을 실시한 결과, 기호도가 가장 높은 소스 제법의 최적 조건은 루 첨가량 $10.3{\sim}10.8%$, 가열시간 8시간으로서 관능검사 결과와 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2020

본 연구는 현재 O2O서비스의 소비자 반응을 서비스 사업 형태별로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 기존 연구들은 주로 O2O서비스의 품질요인이나 기술수용이론에 초점을 두고 연구를 하였다면, 본 연구에서는 서비스 사업 형태별로 소비자가 중요시 여기는 요인과 소비자 반응에 있어 차이가 있음을 살펴보았다. 또한 O2O 서비스 중에서도 활발하게 이용되고 있는 대표적인 음식배달 서비스와 카셰어링 서비스를 선정, 비교하여 살펴보았다는 점에 의의가 있다. O2O서비스는 소비자의 생활과 밀접한 서비스이므로 개인정보보안에 대한 이슈와 소비자와 플랫폼 업체 간의 발생되는 중개플랫폼의 신뢰성에 대한 소비자의 반응, 마지막으로 O2O서비스에 대해 인지하는 개인과 집단 간의 차이를 살펴보기 위한 사회적 규범을 주요 요인으로 살펴보았다. 301명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며 연구문제를 검증하기 위해 분산분석을 실행하였다. 연구결과 O2O서비스 중 배달 서비스가 카셰어링 서비스보다 상대적으로 개인정보보안, 중개플랫폼의 신뢰, 사회적 규범이 낮은 소비자 집단에서 서비스태도에 더 호의적이었다. 다만 사회적 규범의 경우, 사회적 규범이 높은 소비자 집단에서 카셰어링 서비스가 더 호의적인 태도를 보였는데, 이러한 결과는 제공되는 서비스제품 유형(식품 관련 서비스 vs. 자동차관련 서비스)이 다름에서 나타나는 현상으로 해석된다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 시사점과 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2008

Rebamipide, ($\pm$)-2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2(1H)-quinolinon-4-yl] propionic acid, is used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. It works by enhancing mucosal defense, scavenging free radicals and temporarily activating genes encoding cyclooxygenase-2. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rebamipide tablets, $Mucosta^{(R)}$ (Korea Otsuca Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) and Mustar (Korean Drug Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of rebamipide from the two rebamipide formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with pH 6.8 dissolution medium. Twenty six healthy male subjects, $23.46{\pm}2.63$ years in age and $66.62{\pm}8.97\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single tablet containing 100 mg as rebamipide was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of rebamipide in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in the tested dissolution medium. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Mucosta^{(R)}$ were -5.08, 3.52 and -9.71 % for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.84$\sim$log 1.07 and log 0.90$\sim$log 1.17 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Mustar tablet was bioequivalent to $Mucosta^{(R)}$ tablet.