• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2005

Objective: To investigate the histologic features of the uterus and adnexae extirpated from gender identity disorder (GID) patients that received depot androgen injection. Methods: We reviewed the histologic findings of the uterus and adnexae removed from sixteen GID patients, who had taken depot androgen injection for 5~168 months. Results: Fourteen patients (87.5%) showed the atrophied epithelium of exocervix and all of 16 patients (100%) showed the atrophy of endometrium. Seven patients (43.7%) showed multiple cystic follicles in the ovarian cortex and 6 patients (37.5%), 3 patients (18.7%) showed corpus albicans and corpus luteum, respectively. Conclusions: Exogenous androgen induced atrophy of cervix and endometrium. This effect was more prominent in the endometrium. In addition, PCO-like histologic features were observed in the ovary.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 1989

Estradiol (E)은 난소내 과립세포 (granulosa cell, GC)를 증가시키고 생식소 자극호르몬과 협동으로 배란을 유도한다. Androgen은 E의 작용과 반대의 작용을 나타내며 여포의 폐쇄요인으로 알려지고 있다. Testosterone(T)이 폐쇄여포의 여포액내 다량 존재하는 것이 알려짐에 따라 난소내에도 자가조절분비(autocrine)또는 paracrine regulation에 의해 작용을 나타낼 것으로 가정되어 난소내 여포가 폐쇄됨에 따라 그 수용체의 변화하는 양상을 조사하고져 하였다. 흰쥐의 과립세포의 세포질에는 $51.3{\pm}6.1$fmol/mg protein의 Estradiol 수용체(ER) ; $153.1{\pm}25.3$의 Testosterone수용체(TR) ; 또한 $35.1{\pm}8.1$의 Progesterone수용체(PR)가 존재하였다. 과립세포내 ER용 세포질내 E를 제거한 후에 정량이 가능하였고 또한 과립세포내에도 TR이 사람에서는 $23.4{\pm}7.2$ fmol/mg protein, 돼지는 $98.5{\pm}23.1$로 상당량 존재함을 관찰하였다. Dihydrotestosterone Enanthate(DHTE)를 100ug/흰쥐의 농도로 처리한 결과 난소내 TR의 농도는 변화가 없이 ER의 농도만 현저히 저하되고 쥐의 난소무게 역시 감소하는 것을 발견하였다. 위의 결과로 보아 난소내에도 스테로이드 호르몬은 autocrine(자가조절)방법으로 작용하며 An-drogen이 난소의 무게를 감소시키는 것은 ER의 수를 감소시켜 E의 작용이 억제되고 여포들이 폐쇄를 일으켜 그 증식이 저하된 때문으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 1983

In order to know the mode of the action of gondotrophic hormone on the expansion of cumuli oophori, oocyte-cumulus complexes isolated from Graafian follicles of mice were stimulated to expand in vitro with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and the effects of puromycin and actinomycin D on the expansion were examined. THe complexes were cultured in medium TC 199 containing 10% bovine serum in the presence or absence of HCG and the inhibitors. Puromycin in the medium (0.5-4 $\\mu$g/ml) suppresseed the HCG-induced cumulus expansion dose-dependently. This effect of puromycin was reversible. Puromycin affected the complexes throughout the HCG-stimulating stage (3 hours) and hyaluronic acid synthesis stage (3-18 hours). Actinomycin D also inhibited the expansion of the cumulus from the concentration of 0.025 $\\mu$g/ml. But the effect of actinomycin D was not completely reversible and the drug appeared to give an irreversible damage to the complexes at 0.1 $\\mu$g/ml. From the above results, it is suggested that RNA or protein synthesis is involved in the process in which HCG stimulates the cumulus cells to expand therefore cAMP elevated by te gonadotrophin may control expansion at the transcriptional or translational level.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.393-398
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• 2013

Two types of polymeric micro-needles with 250 and $750{\mu}m$ lengths were prepared by a micromolding process. The geometry of dissolving micro-needles with minoxidil was investigated and the mechanical property of polymer micro-needles was also evaluated. Water dissolving micro-needles containing minoxidil were successfully inserted into skin and delivered minoxidil to the skin layer after 30 min of insertion. The observed hair growth was less when the minoxidil treatment was not applied or used without the micro-needles than that the minoxidil was applied by micro-needles. Histologically, these hair follicles became bigger, and the hair papillae were totally encircled by the hair bulbs. In this feasibility test, we show the successful delivery of minoxidil, and effective treatment of hair loss can be possible by using dissolving micro-needles with minoxidil.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1993

The condition of the endometrium is an important factor which may influence the success or failure in IVF-ET. This study was undertaken for evaluation of the value of endometrial growth as an early predictor for the success of IVF. Ultrasonographic endometrial measurement were performed in 43 IVF cycles that conceived, 101 cycles that did not with an IVF-ET There was no significant difference in the endometrial thickness and the serum concentration of estradiol in the pregnant versus nonpregnant group(10.4 vs. 9.9 mm: 2348 vs. 2017 pg/ml no hCG administration day). No correlation was found between the ultrasound image and serum estradiol levels around the time of hCG administration(r=0.54, p=0.13 no Day 2; r=0.45, p=0.14 no Day 1). The duration of gonadotropin treatment, number of follicles, number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization rate were not statistically different in the two groups, however, there was a significant difference in the number of embryos in the pregnant versus nonpregnant group)p< 0.05). A higher pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate occured with an endometrial thickness over 11 mm compared with below 7mm(p< 0.05, p< 0.005). however, no significant differences were noted in the implantation rate and abortion rate among the groups that classified according to their endmetrial thickness. The endometrial growth(${\Delta}$) from hCG administration day(DO) to D6 was greater in the women who achieved pregnancy than in the nonpregnant group(p< 0.01). There were no significant differences in serum estradiol levels, implantation rate, pregnancy rate, and abortion rate among the groups that classified according to the pattern of echogenesity of endometrium, however, significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rate was noted in group A, B compared with group C.(p< 0.0001, p< 0.001) These results suggest that there were no ultrasonographically detectable differences in the patterns of endometrial growth and development around the time of hCG administration in patients who conceive versus those that do not in IVF-ET.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

Objective: Elevated serum progesterone (P) levels on triggering day have been known to affect the pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study aimed to identify the possible factors influencing serum P levels on triggering day in stimulated IVF cycles. Methods: Three hundred and thirty consecutive fresh IVF cycles were included in the study. All cycles were first attempts and were performed in a single infertility center. The indications for IVF were male factor infertility (n=114), ovulatory infertility (n=84), endometriosis (n=61), tubal infertility (n=59), unexplained infertility (n=41), and uterine factor infertility (n=39). A luteal long protocol of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (n=184) or a GnRH antagonist protocol (n=146) was used for pituitary suppression. Ovarian sensitivity was defined as the serum estradiol level on triggering day per 500 IU of administered gonadotropins (OS[a]) or the retrieved oocyte number per 500 IU of administered gonadotropins (OS[b]). Results: Univariate analysis revealed that the serum P level on triggering day was associated with the serum estradiol level on triggering day (r=0.379, p<0.001), the number of follicles ${\geq}14mm$ (r=0.247, p<0.001), the number of retrieved oocytes (r=0.384, p<0.001), and ovarian sensitivity (OS[a]: r=0.245, p<0.001; OS[b]: r=0.170, p=0.002). The woman's age, body mass index, antral follicle count, and basal serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels were not associated with serum P level on triggering day. The serum P level on triggering day did not show significant variation depending on the type or cause of infertility, pituitary suppression protocol, or the type of gonadotropins used. Conclusion: The serum P level on triggering day was closely related to the response to ovarian stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2010

An investigation was carried out to obtain basic information needed to develop methods for artificial propagation and conservation of the mottled skate Raja pulchra, an important food resource in western Korea that has declined from overfishing. In this paper we provide evidence of multiple spawning and describe properties of the ovary, and morphology of the egg capsule and the fully-formed offspring. The vitellogenic follicles in the ovary was $179.8{\pm}57.1$ (54~247) and can be classified into five size groups, which the last group of ova are considered as the moving to the capsule gland where fertilization and encapsulation of ova take place. The morphology of the egg capsule of R. pulchra is unique among the species of the family Rajidae and showed multi-embryo characteristics, having two to six yolks in each capsule. The adaptive morphological changes of larvae developing inside the egg capsule are described based on specimens extracted from the capsule.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2004

Annual gametogenic cycle of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from Shi-Heung-Ri beach in Jeju was investigated for the 12 month period from May 2001 to April 2002. Water temperature varied from 10 to 27$^{\circ}C$ and salinity from 27 to 35 psu during the course of study. Most of the clams collected in March were in indifferent or in early developing indicating that clams initiated gametogenesis when water temperature becomes 14 to 15$^{\circ}C$. In early June, most of the clams were in developing, expanding follicles and exhibiting growing oocytes. Fully ripe gonads were observed in clams collected during late June to early August. Spawning clams were observed as early as in early June although the spawning activity reached its maximum in early August. Condition index (CI) was rapidly increased from July to early August and then dropped in late August, indicating that most of clams in Shi-Heung-Ri beach spawn in late summer when water temperature was within a range of 25 to 27$^{\circ}C$.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Background: Recently, substances from seaweeds have been widely used in hair growth solutions, and have been proven to be effective. Seaweeds have been documented to possess hair growth activity; however, no report on the effect of seaweed on hair regeneration has been issued to date. In this study, we investigated which exact substance of hair tonic made by JW-bio and our institute shows effects on hair growth by studying the mechanisms of candidate substances. Methods: The study was conducted to investigate the hair restoring effect of domestic natural substances; we categorized the candidate substances as seaweed, cereal, and herbal medicine. Five experimental groups were included in the study as follows: a saline group, a 50% ethanol group, seaweed group, a cereal group, and a herbal medicine group. Results: Three extracts (seaweed, cereal, and herbal medicine) were administered to C57BL/6 mice for two weeks after depilation. Depilated areas were found to be completely covered with fully grown hair, and the hair re-growth score was highest in the seaweed group. Using a hair analysis system, hair characteristics were measured in all groups on days 10 and 14 after depilation. The width and length of hair follicles were largest in the seaweed group. Groups treated with seaweed showed significantly increased gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. Groups treated with all the three extracts showed decreased expression of transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$. Conclusion: Findings from our study suggest that seaweeds possess hair-growth effects and may be useful for the treatment of alopecia in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2001

To investigate epithelial cell proliferation reactivity in the odontogenic cysts, the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein by epithelial lining was studied in odontogenic keratocyst(OKC, n=10), dentigerous cyst(DC, n=12), radicular cyst(RC, n=12) and normal dental follicle(n=7). The c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was studied using a streptavidine- biotin- peroxidase method with polyclonal rabbit antihuman antibody to c-erbB-2 oncoprotein which is known to react with formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded sections and the intensity of staining was determined by manually. In all of 10(100%) OKCs, showed positive expression for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein compared with 10/12(83.3%) in DCs, 11/12(91.7%) in RCs and 5/7(71.4%) in normal dental follicles. The expression within OKC was higher than that of DC, RC and dental follicle but statistically not significant(p>0.05) and but may reflects underlying genetic defect. These results demonstrate differences in c-erbB-2 expression between the epithelial linings of the three major odontogenic cyst types, indicating differences in proliferation activity and differentiation processes within these lesions. And, in particular, these results are able to explain the peculiar aggressive growth pattern of OKC.