• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.515-519
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• 1999

With the purpose of determining the influence of sexual partners on the oestrous behaviour and to evaluate the accuracy of predicting the time from implant withdrawal to sexual receptivity following a treatment with Synchromate B (SMB), 15 adult Brahman cows were used in each of three phases. During phase I and n, random pairs of animals were induced to display oestrus one pair after the other at daily intervals, while in phase III, cows were induced alternately, every other day, one cow on the 1st day, two on the 3rd, one on the 5th, two on the 7th until all cows were treated. Sixty six percent of the cows in phases I and II, and 80% in phase III came into oestrous after treatment. The interval between implant withdrawal and, expected and observed oestrous was statistically different in all phases. Clustering of oestrous was evident. Cows displayed sexual receptivity within a. range of -24 to +96; -24 to +72 and -216 to +192 hours after implant withdrawal for the three phases, respectively, with a tendency for cows treated first (within treatments), to delay their oestrus signs and vice versa. In phase III, four cows showed oestrous behaviour with the implant in place. These in spite of not observing pre-ovulatory follicles. Correlation values of 0.99, 0.93 and 0.90 (P<0.05) were found respectively among treatments, between the number of cows coming into oestrus and the number of mounts observed. These findings suggest that there are social and behavioural factors in a herd that may override exogenous synchronisation treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.972-979
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• 2008

It has been recently shown that expression of the LH receptor (LHR) in cumulus cells is related with FSH-induced meiotic resumption of mouse cumulus enclosed oocytes (CEOs). However, to date, it is still unclear whether LHR expression in cumulus cells plays a key role during FSH-induced oocyte maturation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the functional role of LHRs in cumulus cells. CEOs were isolated from eCG-primed preovulatory follicles and cultured in hypoxanthine (HX) arrested medium. LHR protein expression in cumulus cells was time-dependent increasing during the process of FSH-induced oocyte maturation. While the sense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) had no effect, antisense ODN inhibited FSH-induced LHR expression and meiotic resumption. Moreover, this antisense ODN against LHR could inhibit FSH-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. This study suggested that LHR expression in cumulus cells is involved in FSH-induced oocyte meiotic resumption, which process is possibly regulated by MAPK cascade.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.316-326
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• 2018

Objective: This study investigated the expression of genes in cashmere goats at different periods of their fetal development. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate data obtained by transcriptome sequencing of fetus skin samples collected from Inner Mongolia cashmere goats on days 45, 55, and 65 of fetal age. Results: We found that FoxN1, FoxE1, and FoxI3 genes of the Fox gene family were probably involved in the growth and development of the follicle and the formation of hair, which is consistent with previous findings. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detecting system and Western blot analysis were employed to study the relative differentially expressed genes FoxN1, FoxE1, and FoxI3 in the body skin of cashmere goat fetuses and adult individuals. Conclusion: This study provided new fundamental information for further investigation of the genes related to follicle development and exploration of their roles in hair follicle initiation, growth, and development.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of YJT on experimental hypothyroidism induced by sodium perchlorate and methimazolein in mice. Methods: 30 one-month-old C57BL6 mice were decided into 4 groups: 1) normal (n=6), 2) sodium perchlorate and methimazolein-induced hypothyroidism control (n=8), 3) hypothyroidism mice treated with low YJT (n=8), 4) hypothyroidism mice treated with high YJT (n=8). Sodium perchlorate and methimazolein were administered for 4 weeks, YJT (low and high) was administered for 2 weeks after sodium perchlorate and methimazolein were initiated for a total duration of 2 week. The changes were observed : weight of body, T3, T4, TSH, follicular cells in the thyroid tissues, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid, FBG, AST, ALT and so on. Results: YJT did not affect body weight gain. YJT restored free T4 level decreased by sodium perchlorate and methimazolein and prevented shrinking of follicles and proliferation of follicular cells in the thyroid tissues. In addition, YJT lowered total and LDL cholesterol levels elevated by sodium perchlorate and methimazolein respectively and ameliorated distribution of fat in liver tissues. In addition, the effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also investigated. Conclusions: These data suggest that YJT can be used to treat woman patients which are accompanied with hypothyroidism relatively safely.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.498-505
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• 2016

Background Algae have traditionally been used for promotion of hair growth. Use of hair regrowth drugs, such as minoxidil, is limited due to side effects. The aim of this study was to examine a mixture of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida (L-U mixture) on hair growth and to compare the promoting effect of hair growth by a 3% minoxidil and a L-U mixture. Methods To evaluate the hair growth-promoting activity, saline, 50% ethanol, 3% minoxidil, and the L-U mixture were applied 2 times a day for a total of 14 days on the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice after depilation. Analysis was determined by using a high-resolution hair analysis system, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and H&E staining. Results On day 14, the hair growth effect of the L-U mixture was the same as that of the 3% minoxidil treatment. The L-U mixture significantly (P<0.05) stimulated hair growth-promoting genes, as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor -1. Increase of VEGF was observed in the L-U mixture group compared with minoxidil and the negative control. In contrast, the L-U mixture suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$, which is the hair loss-related gene. In histological examination in the L-U mixture and minoxidil groups, the induction of an anagen stage of hair follicles was faster than that of control groups. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the L-U mixture can promote hair growth in mice, similar to the effect from minoxidil, and suggests that there is potential application for hair loss treatments.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2018

Astrigent persimmon fruit resources have been used traditionally to treat different systemic diseases and acclaimed for various biological activities including hair growth. This study investigates the hair restoration efficacy of astrigent persimmon fruit extracts on genetically predisposed to balding pattern Black mice model. Water extract of astrigent persimmon fruit(10 mg/mouse/day) with standardized vehicle formulation, only vehicle and positive control minoxidil (2%) were applied daily until completion of two full hair growth generations. The changing pattern of hair growth were observed through two hair growth generations of C57BL/6 Black mice. The hair existing area and hair length was increased significantly (P > 0.001) in astrigent persimmon fruit treated mice than vehicle-treated control mice. Furthermore, histological assessment revealed that the number of hair follicles did not remarkably increase after astrigent persimmon fruit treatment in compare to control mice. Thus, our data revealed that the topical application of astrigent persimmon fruit may promote hair growth in nude mice by extend the hair existing area and increase hair length which is an indicator of prolong anagen phase.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.122-133
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• 1996

This is a retrospective review of fine-needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) smears of 153 cases of thyroid disease performed during August 1989 to July 1995, which were confirmed histologically following surgical operations. FNAC results showed 63 cases(41.2%) of adenomatous goiter, 45 cases(29.4%) of papillary carcinoma, 29 cases(19.0%) of follicular neoplasm, 4 cases(2.6%) of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, 4 cases(2.6%) of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 4 cases(2.6%) of $H\ddot{u}rthle$ cell neoplasm, 2 cases(1.3%) of medullary carcinoma and one case(0.7%) each of subacute thyroiditis and of anaplastic carcinoma. The overall accuracy of cytological diagnosis was 83.7%. These data strongly suggest thyroid FNAC is a reliable preoperative diagnostic tool, but FNAC has been less valuable in the diagnosis of follicular lesions than any other disease of the thyroid. Adenomatous goiter was not infrequently interpreted as follicular neoplasia that requires surgery for diagnostic conformation and vice versa. The following findings are considered to be compatible with follicular neoplasm: 1) microfollicles, 2) nuclear grooving, 3) irregularity of nuclear membrane, and 4) irregular arrangement or crowding of follicular cells in groups. The FNAC criteria of adenomatous goiter are as follows: 1) atrophic follicular cells, 2) presence of macrophages, 3) abundant colloid, and 4) large follicles. It is recommended that aspiration of thyroid lesions in order to analyse with critical clinico-pathological approach and surgery is considered only for nodules that are clinically suspicious or unresponsive to hormone therapy or when a diagnosis of follicular neoplasm is made.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1990

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of fetal calf serum(FCS), estrous porcine serum(EPS), porcine follicular fluid(PFF), hormone and matured cumulus cell(MCC) on in vitro maturation and fertilization of porcine follicular oocytes. The ovaries and testes were obtianed from slaughtered Landrace sow and boars, respectively. The follicular oocytes surrounded with cumulus cells were recovered by aspirating follicular fluid from the visible follicles of diameter 3~5 mm and the semen were prepared from boar's epididymal cauda. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing hormones, FCS, EPS, PFF and MCC for 48hrs. in a incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 36$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 18~20 hrs. with $1.5\times$106/ml motile capacitated sperm in the modified Tyroide solution containing 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of heparin. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The maturation and fertilization rate of the follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and PMSG＋HCG were 55.6~64.5% and 33.3~37.1%, respectively. 2. The maturation and fertilization rate of the follicular oocytes cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 20% EPS and PMSG＋HCG were 50.0~55.0% and 30.3~33.3%, respectively. 3. The maturation rate(59.0~64.2%) and fertilization rate(34.8~39.3%) of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented 20% FCS and 50% PFF were higher than those of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5%, 10% and 15% FCS and 10% and 50% PFF. 4. The maturation rate(60.0%) and fertilization rate(40.0%) of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 20% FCS and granulosa cell (1$\times$106/ml) were significantly higher than those of fiollicular oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5%, 10% and 15% FCS and granulosa cell.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 1990

Experiments were disigned to define and optimize efficiency of a system whereby pig follicular oocytes could be matured and fertil ized in vitro. The pig oocytes removed from 1- 2 mm and 3-7 mm follicles were cultured in vitro in the mKRB(-BSA) solution containing estrous sow serum (ESS), FCS or dialyzed pig follicular fluid for 24 to 48 hr at 37$^{\circ}C$. The oocytes matured in vitro were evaluated after epididymal spermatozoa-oocyte incubation for 24 hr for pronucleus formation. 50-60% of the oocytes reached metaphase II during 36 to 48 hr of culture. There was no differernce in oocyte matura¬tion between two groups of follicular size but meiosis was slightly faster in the 3-7 mm follicular oocytes. The oocytes matured in mKRB (-BSA) plus 5% ESS, 15% FCS or dialyzed follicular fraction showed slightly higher maturation rates than the control mKRB. in vitro fertilization, pronucleus formation, tended to be increased when mKRBi-BSA) plus 5% ESS or 15% FCS was used for oocyte maturation and in vivo -capacitated spermatozoa were inseminated, respectively. It is concluded that ESS, FCS and dialyzed pig follicular fluid may be effective factors for in vitro maturation and fertilization of pig follicular oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 1997

These studies were performed to approach the precise pathway inducing the meiotic inhibitory action of hypoxanthine on mouse follicular oocytes and to identify the cause of detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocyte in vitro. In addition, a correlation between the meiotic inhibitory effect and the detrimental effect of hypoxanthine was investigated. Mouse follicular oocytes at germinal vesicle(GV) stage were collected from the ovaries of ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with a fine needle, at 48 hours after PMSG injection. Oocytes were cultured in Modified Whittingham's T6 media containing hypoxanthine and several materials that involved in metabolism of hypoxanthine, and the effects of the materials on the actions of hypoxanthine were investigated by observing germinal vesicle breake down (GVBD), 1st polar body (PB) extrusion and viability of the oocytes. Phophodiesterase significantly reduced the meiotic inhibitory effect of dbcAMP but did not influence on the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol and 6-MP significantly enhanced the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, but the materials themselves also showed the meiotic inhibitory action like hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase significantly enhanced the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, on the contrary HGPRT itself promoted meiotic resumption of the oocytes. Catalase did not induce any change in the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, but SOD increased the GVBD rate suppressed by hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes was significantly reduced by allopurinol and catalase, but SOD increased the GVBD rate suppressed by hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes was significantly reduced by allopurinol and catalase, but SOD did not reduce the deterimental effect of hypoxanthine. In conclusion, the meiotic inhibtory effect of hypoxanthine may be caused by guanyl dervartives converted from hypoxanthine via salvage pathway, and superoxide anion may partially participate in the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes be cused by hydrogen peroxide produced during the metabolism of hypoxanthine.