• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.4-16
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• 2024

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.4-13
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• 2024

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 1980

The model compounds of Vitamin $B_1$ 3-benzyl-4-methylthiazolium bromide, (1), 3, 4-dimethylthiazolium iodide (2) and 2-($\alpha$-hydroxyethyl)-3-benzyl-4-methylthiazolium bromide (3) were prepared by the organic synthesis. Colorimetric determination with phosphotungstic acid showed an increase of $1.1{\sim}1.2$ folds with compound (1) and $1.5{\sim}1.9$ folds with compound (3) when readings were carried out after an overnight, compared with immediate readings. Colorimetry with 2.6-dibromoquinone chloroimide yielded the compound (1) being $2.2{\sim}2.5$ folds higher than the compound (3). The half wave potentials and diffusion currents of anodic and cathodic waves of polarography with the same concentration of the compounds (1), (2) and (3) also resulted in different values of their waves. Therefore, it was a firm conclusion that any values obtained from quantitative analysis with this model compounds (1), (2) and (3) were not directly applicable to those of $B_1$.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

Voice onset time (VOT) is defined as the time interval from the oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristic of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. There have been many reports on efforts to clarify the acoustical and physiological properties that differentiate the three types of Korean stops, including acoustic, fiberscopic, aerodynamic and electromyographic studies. In the acoustic and fiberscopic studies for stop consonants, the voice onset time and glottal width during the production of stops has been known as the longest and largest in the heavily aspirated type followed by the slightly aspirated type and unaspirated types. The thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were physiologically inter-correlated for differentiating these types of stops. However, a review of the English literature shows that the fine movement of the mucosal edges of the vocal folds during the production of stops has not been well documented. In recent. years, a new method for high-speed recording of laryngeal dynamics by use of a digital recording system allows us to observe with fine time resolution. The movements of the vocal fold edges were documented during the period of stop production using a fiberscopic system of high speed digital images. By observing the glottal width and the visual vibratory movements of the vocal folds before voice onset, the heavily aspirated stop was characterized as being more prominent and dynamic than the slightly aspirated and unaspirated stops.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 1984

Structural differences in various divisions of the rabbit colon were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. For light microscopic study, various Portions of the colon from seven rabbits (2.5 kg body weight) were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Tissues for scanning electron microscopy were fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde and postfixed in 1% $OsO_4$, dehydrated to 100% alcohol, transfered to isoamilacetate and dried by the critical point method. Subsequently, specimens were coated with gold and viewed with a JSM-35C scanning electron microscope. The colon displays a morphological diversity along its proximo-distal axis. Five regions can be discerned based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. 1) The first segment immediately distal to the cecocolical junction possessing three teniae is approximately 5 cm ($4{\sim}6cm$) in length, and displays irregular folds of the mucosa oriented transversely similar to those of the cecum. 2) The second segment possessing three teniae is about 7 cm ($5{\sim}8cm$) in length, and is characterized by the papilla-like protrusions on the mucosal surface. 3) The third segment, possessing a single tenia is about 16 cm ($12{\sim}20cm$) in length, and also displays the papilla-like protrusions similar to the aforegoing segment. 4) Fusus coli, approximately 4 cm ($3{\sim}5cm$) in length, is free of teniae and exhibits longitudinal folds on the mucosal surface. These four portions together constitute the proximal colon. 5) The distal colon reaches a length of about 58 cm ($53{\sim}55cm$) and shows a pattern of surface irregularities with minor ridges on the mucosal folds.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.55-58
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• 2017

Background. Lymphoma of the vocal fold is extremely rare due to low lymphoid content in the larynx. To date, fewer than 100 cases of laryngeal lymphoma have been reported; however, none of these literatures are concerned about exclusive laryngeal involvement of recurred lymphoma which initially appeared in other body sites. Specific consensus about management for these patients yet to exist, due to its rare occurrence; however, the main modality of treatment is chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiation therapy. Case. Herein, we report a case of a 51-year-old female patient who had recurrent T-cell lymphoma developing in bilateral vocal folds. The patient was originally diagnosed of T-cell lymphoma in right colic flexure 10 years ago, and was cured by chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical stain revealed the histologic type of recurred tumor in the vocal folds that are identical to the previously cured lymphoma. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case that recurrent lymphoma occurred solely in the vocal folds. Despite its rarity, lymphoma should be put in the index of suspicion among those patients with decreased vocal fold mucosal wave without definite vocal fold mass who had a history of cured lymphoma.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.439-446
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• 2005

This study was conducted to elucidate the influence of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) on the plasma IGF-I profiles in deer stags. Slow release rBST (250mg each) preparations were injected subcutaneously during the antler's non-growing period and growing period. It was observed that significant increases in the plasma IGF-I concentrations were occurred right after injections of the rBST irrespective of antler's non-growing period or growing period. When the rBST preparations were injected two times with one week interval during the antler's non-growing period, the mean level of IGF-I was found to be 2,920.7ng I mL, indicating that the IGF-I concentration increased up to 8.4-folds compared with a control. After two weeks from second shot, however, the IGF-I levels decreased to the level of the control. Similar results were also obtained with both a Sika and a Red deer during the antler's growing period. Increases in the IGF-I level of up to 5.6-folds with the Sika deer and 4.3-folds with the Red deer were found. Based on the present study, it is likely that the rBST may be used as a possible candidate for an antler's growth stimulating agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : This study is purposed to investigate the statistically significant discrimination model for predicting vocal fold nodule and polyp's lesional grade, with patients' background data and objective voice evaluation parameters. Materials and Method : The retrospective research was carried out at the Ewha Womans University Hospital. 122 patients' voice examination data had been selected, and lesion screening (Grade I, II, and III) was conducted by 2 ENT specialists, with each patient's vocal fold pictures achieved during the laryngoscopy examination. Results : The Lesional Grade Discrimination Model with which the lesional grade of vocal fold nodules and polyps could be predicted was derived by the ordinal logistic regression analysis (using SPSS 10.0). With this model the lesional grades of 73 out of 122 patients(59.8%) were correctly predicted to their formerly screened ones. Conclusion : This model applied the multivariate approach, which statistically combined these currently used parameters, Jitter, Shimmer, MFR, MPT, and patient's background data such as gender and dysphonia period. It might explain the status of benign lesion of vocal folds, and furthermore expect the physiological function of vocal folds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

Background and Objectives: Countertenors who can produce higher vocal pitch like female classical singer's voice and use both modal and falsetto register. This study was conducted to study phonatory characteristics between modal and falsetto register of the countertenor. Materials and Methods: A male countertenor who had 8 years of experience was examined using a videostroboscopy and his voice was analyzed using aerodynamic measures; fundamental frequency(F0), Mean air flow rate(MFR), intensity(SLP), subglottal air pressure(Psub) with phonatory function analyzer(Nagashima) and acoustic measures; jitter, shimmer, HNR, closed quotient(CQ) using a Electro-glottography(EGG) of Lx. Speech Studio(Laryngoscope, Ltd, UK) and voice range profile of CSL(Kay elemetrics). Results: In the stroboscopy finding, the longitudinal length of vocal folds was increased at the falsetto register and the upper margin of vocal folds vibrated with incomplete closure of true vocal folds. In aerodynamic analysis, intensity was same at the modal and falsetto register. However, MFR, Psub, MPT were higher at the falsetto register. In the electroglottographic analysis, closed quotient(CQ) at the modal register was high and also much higher at the high-pitch falsetto than at the loud falsetto. In the VRP, intensity was similar though F0 was different between modal and falsetto register. Conclusion: It implied that countertenor could produce powerful voice quality by increasing of respiratory pressure and respiratory volume though glottal closure was incomplete. In addition, no change of EGG waveform, similar voice range with alto was observed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.7 no.1_4
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• pp.1-12
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• 1977

Free amino acid in ethanol extracts and total amino acid hydrolysates of Coicis semen were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer. The sample A (unpolished Coicis Semen) and sample B(polished Coicis Semen) are used in this experiments. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 1) 17 kinds of free amino acid (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Val, Cys, Met, Ileu, Lew, Try, Phe, Lys, His, Arg,) including 7 kinds of essential amino acid (Val, Lew, Ileu, Thr, Lys, Met, Phe,) as human nutrition were identified and quantified but tryptophan. 2) Total free amino acids of sample A is more than about 3 folds that of sample B. 3) The distribution of free amino acids contained in sample A, threonine is the richiest and then comes Ala, Glu, Asp, and Pro, in that order. In sample B, glutamic acid is the richiest and then comes Thr, Asp, Ala, and Gly, in that order. 4) 17 kinds of total amino acid (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Val, Cys, Met, Ileu, Lew, Tyr, Pher, Lys, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid (Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys, Met, Phe,) in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quanified. 5) Total amino acid content of sample A is more than about 1.06 folds that of sample B. 6) Total amino acid content of sample A in acid hydrolysates is more than about 1.06 folds that of sample B in acid hydrolysates. 7) Unknown chromatogram of ethanol extracts and acid hydrolysates of Coicis Semen were identified as Ornitine.