• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2015

This research was conducted to establish efficient methods to overcome high temperature and low humidity with light selective shading agent and two-fluid fogging system in greenhouses in hot season. There were four experimental treatments; not treated (Non), fogging by two-fluid fogging system (Fog), spraying onto the greenhouse surface with shading coating agent (Coat), and using fogging and coating together (F&C). The amount of solar radiation entered into the greenhouses was higher in Non, and then Fog, Coat, and F&C in descending order. Fog was more efficient to lower the air temperature and also raise relative humidity than Coat treatment. The crop temperature was about $6^{\circ}C$ higher in Control than the other treatments. F&C revealed as the most efficient method to control the environment inside the greenhouse, but fogging system seemed to be more economic. In stand-alone greenhouses spraying coating agent may be the appropriate choice because of their structural limitations, mainly eave height.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.31-50
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• 2016

To develope a greenhouse fog cooling system to control the temperature and relative humidity simultaneously to the target value, a theoretical analysis and experiments were done. The control process includes the measuring of environmental variables, setting and coding of the water and heat balance equations to maintain the target temperature and relative humidity in greenhouse, calculating of the open level of the greenhouse roof window that governs the natural ventilation and spray water quantity, and operating of the motor to open/close the roof window and pump to spray for water. The study results were shown to be very good because the average air temperature in the greenhouse was kept to be about $28.2^{\circ}C$ with the standard deviation of about $0.37^{\circ}C$ compared to the target temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ and the average relative humidity was about 75.2% compared to the target relative humidity was 75% during the experiments. The average outside relative humidity was about 41.0% and the average outside temperature was $27.2^{\circ}C$ with the standard deviation of about $0.54^{\circ}C$. The average solar intensity in the greenhouse was 712.9 W. The wind velocity of outside greenhouse was 0.558 m/s with the standard deviation of 0.46 m/s.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.256-267
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• 2015

The intelligent transportation systems allow us to have valuable opportunities for collecting wide-area coverage traffic data. The significant efforts have been made in many countries to provide the reliable traffic conditions information such as travel time. This study analyzes the impacts of the fog weather conditions on the traffic stream. Also, a strategy for predicting the long-term traffic speeds is developed under foggy weather conditions. The results show that the average of speed reductions are 2.92kph and 5.36kph under the slight and heavy fog respectively. The best prediction performance is achieved when the previous 45 pattern cases data is used, and the 14.11% of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) is obtained. The outcomes of this study support the development of more reliable traffic information for providing advanced traffic information service.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the effect of humidification and shading during cutting propagation on growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) 'Maehyang' plants at a propagation stage. The runner cuttings were stuck on Nov. 23, 2017 in propagation benches set in a Venlo-type glasshouse. Four shading treatments, no shading (control, C), 55% shading with white lawn (W55), 55% black shading net (B55), or 100% black plastic film (B100) with either an intermittent fog system (H) or without fog system. The shading and fog systems were removed 2 weeks after sticking of strawberry cuttings. A nutrient solution for strawberry, which was developed by Yamazaki, was supplied once a day with electrical conductivity (EC) $1.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and pH 5.8. Growth parameters such as plant height, longest root, crown diameter, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area and fresh and dry weight were measured at 7 days and 26 days after sticking. There was no significant difference in growth of above-aerial part of strawberry. The overall growth of the strawberry roots was better grew by providing fog than that not provide fog. The root fresh weight and root dry weight after 26 days after sticking of strawberry cutting was the best in the treatment that provided fog system without shading (CH). The longest root after 26 days after sticking of strawberry cutting was the best in the treatments that provided fog system with either 55% white lawn (W55H) and 55% black shading net (B55H). These results suggest that morphogenesis of these plants were affected by humidification and shading types. In a broader perspective, these results can be used to optimize studies of other crops grown from cuttings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.533-535
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• 2015

안개 제거 알고리즘은 single image에서 대기값(Airlight)와 대기의 빛 전달량(Transmission)을 추정하여 안개로 인한 빛의 산란에 의해 생긴 Contrast 감소 및 채도의 왜곡과 같은 영상 왜곡을 보정해줌으로써 안개 영상에서 안개를 효과적으로 제거해준다. 하지만 기존의 안개 제거 알고리즘은 안개 영상에 특화되었기 때문에 안개가 없는 영상에 알고리즘을 시행 할 경우 색상과 명암에 왜곡을 불러 일으킬 수 있다. 이에 따라 알고리즘을 수행하기 앞서 안개 량을 측정하고 그 결과에 따라 안개 제거 알고리즘에 제거 정도 가중치나 알고리즘 수행 여부를 판단할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 기존 안개 제거 알고리즘들이 영상의 patch를 사용하여 빛 전달량(Transmission)을 추정한다는 것을 이용하여 빛 전달량을 구함과 동시에 안개 량을 판단하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 안개량을 측정하기 위해 각 patch의 pixel 분포 특성과 patch의 빛 전달량(Transmission)을 구하기 위한 특정 값과 실제 pixel의 명암(Intensity)을 비교하여 안개 량을 측정한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2014

안개 제거 알고리즘은 single image에서 대기값(Airlight)와 대기의 빛 전달량(Transmission)을 추정하여 안개로 인한 빛의 산란에 의해 생긴 Contrast 감소 및 채도의 왜곡과 같은 영상 왜곡을 보정해줌으로써 안개 영상에서 안개를 효과적으로 제거해준다. 하지만 기존의 안개 제거 알고리즘은 안개 영상에 특화되었기 때문에 안개가 없는 영상에 알고리즘을 시행 할 경우 색상과 명암에 왜곡을 불러 일으킬 수 있다. 이에 따라 알고리즘을 수행하기 앞서 안개 량을 측정하고 그 결과에 따라 안개 제거 알고리즘에 제거 정도 가중치나 알고리즘 수행 여부를 판단할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 기존 안개 제거 알고리즘들이 영상의 patch를 사용하여 빛 전달량(Transmission)을 추정한다는 것을 이용하여 빛 전달량을 구함과 동시에 안개 량을 판단하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 안개량을 측정하기 위해 각 patch의 pixel 분포 특성과 patch의 빛 전달량(Transmission)을 구하기 위한 특정 값과 실제 pixel의 명암(Intensity)을 비교하여 안개 량을 측정한다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2014

In images degraded by bad weather, edges representing object boundaries become weak and faint. In this paper we present an image enhancement method, which increases image visibility by making edges as clear as possible. First, we choose edge candidate regions by finding local maxima and minima in an image intensity field, and then build a histogram using image intensities of pixels located at the two sides of candidate edges. Second, we decompose this histogram into multiple modes, which are determined by local minima in the histogram. Once modes are computed, we find modes connected by edges in the image intensity field and build link chains of connected modes. Finally we choose the longest link chain of modes and make the distances between every connected modes as large as possible. The darkest mode and the brightest mode should be within the image intensity range. This stretch makes edges clear and increases image visibility. Experiments show that the proposed method real-time enhances images degraded by bad weather as good as well known time-consuming methods.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2000

This study represents three-dimensional turbulent flow characteristics around an axial fan measured at the operating point ${\varphi}=0.32$, which is equivalent to the maximum flowrate region, by using three-dimensional fiber-optic type LDA system. This LDA system is composed of a 5 W Argon-ion laser, two optics in back-scatter mode, three BSA's, a PC, and a three-dimensional automatic traversing system. A kind of paraffin fog is used for laser particles in this study. Mean velocity profiles around an axial fan along the downstream radial distance show that the streamwise and the tangential components exist as a predominant velocity and have the maximum value at the radial distance ratio 0.8, while the radial component has a small scale distribution and its flow direction is inward except a part of blade tip. The turbulent intensity profiles show that the radial component exists the most greatly. And also the turbulent kinetic energy shows about 60% as a maximum value at the radial distance ratio 0.9. Moreover, the Reynolds shear stresses do not exist at upstream flow, but the streamwise and the radial components of them show about 20% as a maximum value at the radial distance ratio 0.9 at downstream flow.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2012

PURPOSES : Adverse weather conditions such as heavy rain, heavy snowfall, and thick fog and so on have highly affect on the change in traffic conditions on the road. In particular, heavy snowfall causes capacity reduction as well as crash occurrence. This study investigated the effects of snowfall on speed on a freeway. METHODS : Vehicle detection systems data were matched with corresponding weather station data by regression analysis. RESULTS : The results show that the travel speed is reduced by 6.7% under little snowfall and by 12.8% under heavy snowfall. Regarding the speed variation, 8.7% and 114.7% increases are observed under little snowfall and heavy snowfall, respectively. It is also found that 1 cm increase in snowfall leads to 0.4% decrease in travel speed. In addition, the travel speed increases by 0.4% when the temperature increases by $1^{\circ}C$. CONCLUSIONS : It is expected that the outcome of this study will be useful in establishing more effective strategies for winter operations and road maintenance in practice.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.819-828
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• 2001

The operating point of a small-sized axial fan is strongly dependent upon the system resistance. Therefore, the turbulent flow characteristics around a small-sized axial fan may change significantly according to the operating point. This study represents three-dimensional turbulent flow characteristics around a small-sized axial fan measured at the ideal design point $\phi$=0.25, which is equivalent to the maximum total efficiency point, by using three dimensional fiber-optic type LDA system. This LDA system is composed of a 5 W Argon-ion laser, two optics in back-scatter mode, three BSAs, a PC, and a three-dimensional automatic traversing system. A kind of paraffin fluid is used to supply particles by means of fog generator. Mean velocity profiles downstream of a small-sized axial fan along the radial distance show that the streamwise and the tangential components exist in a predominant manner, while the radial component has a small scale distribution and shows the inflection which its flow direction is inward or outward. Moreover, the turbulent intensity profiles show that the radial component exists the most greatly among turbulent energies.