• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.2670-2678
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• 1996

Reticle seekers temporally modulate target location onto the incoming spatial signal. When large or multiple targets are present in the FOV, however, it is hard to precisely modulate the incoming target signal by the relicle. To solve this loss of modulatoin depth problem, we present an improved retical seeker using the segmented focal plane array(FPA). The new reticle system uses the normalized difference as well as the modulated signal of each detector output in the segmented FPA. In simulation, we have ascertained the proposed system can make an effective analysis and tracking for multiple or large targets.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2006

Objective: Yukmijibwang-Tang(UJT) has been used for Dementia derived by deficiency of Kidney-Yin in the oriental medicine. This study was planned to examine the effects of UJT on the memory loss induced by focal brain ischemic injury in the rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups ; Normal group, Control group, UJT1 group and UJT2 group. Control group were no treated after focal brain ischemic injury. UJT1 group were administered UJT 0.3 $m{\ell}/kg$ to focal brain ischemic injuried rats for 21 days, UJT2 group were administered UJT 1.2 $m{\ell}/kg$ to focal brain ischemic injuried rats for 21 days. The present author observed the number of errors on the eight-arm radial maze task, the rate of correct choice on the eight-arm radial maze task, the values of density of Cresy1 violet- stained sections in the hippocampal CA1 and the values of density of Acetlycholine Esterase (AchE)stained nuclei in the hippocampal CA1. Results : The number of errors in the Eigth-arm radial maze task was significantly decreased in UJT1 group on 1, 2, 3, 5, 6days, And it was significantly decreased in UJT2 group on 1-6days compared with control group. The rate of correct choice in the eight-arm radial maze task was significantly increased in UJT1, UJT2 group compared with control group. The values of density of Cresyl violet-stained stained sections in the hippocampal CA1 were significantly increased in UJT1, UJT2 group compared with control group. The values of density of AchE in the hippocampal CA1 were increased in UJT1, UJT2 group compared with control group, but the values were not significant. Conclusions: The present author thought that Yukmijihwang-Tang could he used for curing dementia induced by focal brain ischemic injury.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.57.3-58
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• 2017

We report the detailed design of an unprecedented wideband(band7+8) corrugated feed horn in ASTE focal plane array aiming for future ALMA receiver. We have found that such design constraints as return loss, cross-polarization level, beam width and phase curvature can be controlled by optimizing critical corrugation parameters at the throat and flare region of the horn. The success of optimization manifest itself through simulated aperture effciency over 80 % at the entire frequency range. Physical implications of the resulting corrugation parameters are discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2012

Previously, we demonstrated that the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is present on fibroblasts, where it regulates focal contact. Here, we assessed whether this action of EpoR is involved in the reduced cell adhesion observed in colonocytes exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin A. EpoR was present and functionally active in cells of the human colonic epithelial cell line HT29 and epithelial cells of human colon tissues. Toxin A significantly decreased activating phosphorylations of EpoR and its downstream signaling molecules JAK-2 (Janus kinase 2) and STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5). In vitro kinase assays confirmed that toxin A inhibited JAK 2 kinase activity. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 (with AG490) abrogated activating phosphorylations of EpoR and also decreased focal contacts in association with inactivation of paxillin, an essential focal adhesion molecule. In addition, AG490 treatment significantly decreased expression of occludin (a tight junction molecule) and tight junction levels. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of JAK2 by toxin A in colonocytes causes inactivation of EpoR, thereby enhancing the inhibition of focal contact formation and loss of tight junctions known to be associated with the enzymatic activity of toxin A.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

Death of spouse is the most heartbreaking stressful and inevitable tragic life event. In middle aged men who belong to the social middle class and accomplished their occupational success, experiences of spousal bereavement are great shock. The aim of this study was to find out how they overcome their mental and physical pain and to obtain the basic materials to develop suitable nursing care programs for them. The methodological approach of this study is Giorgi's phenomenological analysis meaning unit. This method also makes theme focal meaning, situated structural description and create general structural description grasped by participator's experience through situated structure description. This study performed from November 2002 to May 2004, and participators were four men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews. which had been tapped and analysed the Giorgi's method. Finally, the five focal meaning below have been abstracted. Theme 1. Physical symptom loss of appetite, fatigue, insomnia. outbreak of illness, weight loss. Theme 2. life of spiritless lack of desire, sense of emptiness, unstableness, prosaic life. wandering. indifference of appearances, avoidance of meeting people. Theme 3. life of retrospction reflection for his wife, yearning, grief, muttering to himself, never-to-be forgotten wife, leading a lonely life. Theme 4. negative emotion reproaching, feeling hurt, marriage of daughter, feeling heavy, getting angry, sexual desire, awareness of his sinfulness. loneliness Theme 5. social support and adjustment getting his wife off his mind, curring favor with children, support and consolation by his daughter-in-law, appreciation for hospice nurse, considering remarriage, taking care of himself, good relation with his children. The result of this study showed that middle aged men bereaved of their wife by cancer need other's concern. And we have to study further to understand their experience. Until now hospice nursing is concentrated on cancer patients But from now we have to provide their families suitable nursing care programs to adjust themselves to social life before and after death of patients.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

Podocytopathy is glomerular lesions characterized by podocyte injury. It is observed in various glomerular diseases, but minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are the prototypes. In this review, morphologic features of podocyte injury and subtypes of FSGS will be reviewed briefly. Effacement of podocyte foot processes is the most common feature of podocyte injury. As podocytic injury progresses, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, subpodocytic cyst, detachment of podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane and apoptosis develop. Glomerular capillary loops in epithelium-denuded area undergo capillary collapse. Synechia and hyalinosis may accompany this lesion. To manifest segmental sclerosis, podocyte loss above a threshold level may be required. Injured podocytes can injure neighboring intact podocytes, and thereby spread injury within the same lobule. FSGS can be categorized into five subtypes by morphologic characteristics; not otherwise specified (NOS), perihilar, cellular, tip, and collapsing types. Each subtype has been reported to show different clinical courses and associated conditions, but there are controversies on its significance. With recent progress in the discovery of genetic abnormalities causing FSGS and plasma permeability factors, we expect to unravel pathophysiology of FSGS and to understand histological sequences leading to FSGS in near future.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cachectic dwafism, mental retardation, loss of facial subcutaneous adipose tissue, microcephaly and photosensitive dermatitis. It is associated with renal abnormalities characterized by hyalinization of glomeruli, atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of Cockayne syndrome with FSGS in Korea. A 7-year old boy was admitted for evaluation of hypertension and proteinuria, which were detected 2 month ago. He was followed for short stature(<3 percentile), mental retardation(IQ 55), strabismus and dental caries since 3 years ago. He also showed microcephaly, a bird-like face and relatively large hands and feet. Laboratory findings showed decreased creatinine clearance($C_{Cr}$ 76.1 mL/min/$1.73m^2$) and proteinuria(1,548 mg/day). Renal biopsy demonstrated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of the hilar type with large hyaline deposits, moderate tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. His cardinal features, mental retardation, and renal biopsy findings were consistent with Cockayne syndrome. We report here a very rare case of Cockayne syndrome with FSGS presenting with proteinuria and hypertension.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5489-5492
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• 2015

Background: Gradual loss of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) may be linked with the severity of dysplastic changes and transformation to malignancy. In this study we assessed the differential expression of CK13 in normal, hyperplastic, dysplastic and cancerous oral mucosa. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 oral biopsies were collected during the 2011-2014 period. The biopsies were characterized as normal (19), hyperplastic (21), severely dysplastic/carcinoma in situ (16) and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (37) after morphological assessment. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections were stained with a monoclonal antibody against CK13 using the Envision technique. Immunohistochemically stained slides were then analyzed for CK13 expression. Results: CK13 was consistently and diffusely expressed in all normal and hyperplastic tissue biopsies from oral mucosa. Severely dysplastic/carcinoma in situ biopsies showed complete loss in 50% of cases, while in the remaining 50% expression was very focal and weak. OSCC cases showed complete or near complete loss of CK13 in all cases. Few cases showed weak expression in keratin pearls only. Conclusions: This study validates the utility of CK13 IHC as a useful immunohistochemical marker in routine diagnostic practice to make distinction between non-neoplastic from dysplastic and neoplastic (malignant) oral lesions.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1185-1195
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• 2003

Heat losses from the receivers of a dish-type solar energy collecting system at the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) are numerically investigated. It is assumed that a number of flat square mirrors are arranged on the parabolic dish structure to serve as a reflector. Two different types of receivers, which have conical and dome shapes, are considered for the system, and several modes of heat losses from the receivers are thoroughly studied. Using the Stine and McDonald model convective heat loss from a receiver is estimated. The Net Radiation Method is used to calculate the radiation heat transfer rate by emission from the inside surface of the cavity receiver to the environment. The Monte-Carlo Method is used to predict the radiation heat transfer rate from the reflector to the receiver. Tracing the photons generated, the reflection loss from the receivers can be estimated. The radiative heat flux distribution produced by a multifaceted parabolic concentrator on the focal plane is estimated using the cone optics method. Also, the solar radiation spillage around the aperture is calculated. Based on the results of the analysis, the performances of two different receivers with multifaceted parabolic solar energy collectors are evaluated.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.880-889
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• 2021

In everyday life, recognizing people's emotions from their frames is essential and is a popular research domain in the area of computer vision. Visual emotion has a severe class imbalance in which most of the data are distributed in specific categories. The existing methods do not consider class imbalance and used accuracy as the performance metric, which is not suitable for evaluating the performance of the imbalanced dataset. Therefore, we proposed a method for recognizing visual emotion using balanced data augmentation to address the class imbalance. The proposed method generates a balanced dataset by adopting the random over-sampling and image transformation methods. Also, the proposed method uses the Focal loss as a loss function, which can mitigate the class imbalance by down weighting the well-classified samples. EfficientNet, which is the state-of-the-art method for image classification is used to recognize visual emotion. We compare the performance of the proposed method with that of conventional methods by using a public dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method increases the F1 score by 40% compared with the method without data augmentation, mitigating class imbalance without loss of classification accuracy.