• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1997

We determined the effects of follicular fluid fractions in the maturation medium on bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent development, as well as on number of cells in blastocysts following culture. Follicular fluid and oocytes from bovine follicles less than 5 mm in diameter were collected from the ovaries of slaughtered cows. Follicular fluid was separated into different molecular weight fractions by untrafiltration through a membrane using a centrifuge at 500$\times$g, for 2h. For the maturation medium, follicular fluid fractions (30%, v/v), whole fluid (30%) or PVP(3mg/ml) were added to TCM 199(0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol-17$\beta$, 100IU hCG). After maturation for 24h, oocytes were fertilized in vitro with bull frozen-thawed spermatozoa and cultured on a monolayer of granulosa cells for 9 days after fertilization. There were no differences in maturation rates or fertilization rates among any maturation conditions. The rates of development to >2-cell stage of the oocytes were significantly decreased when fraction of follicular fluid below 10,000 MW were added into maturation medium, compared with control and fraction above 10,000 MW(26.0% vs 40.8% to 64.0%, respectveily. p<0.01). Likewise, the rates of development to blastocysts of fertilized oocytes were significantly decreased in maturation medium containing fraction of follicular fluid (<10,000 MW). The average cell number of blastocysts derived from oocytes that matured in the fraction(>10,000 MW) of follicular fluid was 154.7$\pm$13.7. These embryos contained more cells than those matured in whole follicular fluid, or the fraction(<10, 000 MW) of follicular fluid or control(107.0$\pm$8.4, 91.8$\pm$11.8 and 95.8$\pm$6.2, respectively). In conclusion, we found that fractions of follicular fluid contained factors stimulating or inhibiting oocyte cytoplasmic matruation. These suggest that a factor(s) inducing cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes may exist in >10,000 MW fraction of follicular fluid.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 1995

The Fluid and electrolytes balance in the body is of critical importance in maintaining good health. When the fluid and electrolyte imbalance is present, patients are in great danger. They must be assessed immediately by a nurse so that appropriate treatment can be started as soon as possible. Patients' fluid intake and output records contain highly important information for the diagnosis and treatment of fluid imbalance, but, these records are often inaccurate and the method of recording the fluid intake is not universal for every hospital. Be-cause they are few quantitative measurements of a patient's hydration, the need to improve the accuracy of fluid intake records is very important. However, very few studies have been done to investigate the accuracy of measurements of patients' fluid intake and output. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods used for calculation of fluid intake which is most similar to fluid output in normal adults and hospitalized patients. This study focused on three different calculation methods for fluid intake and compared these to fluid output and developed suggestions as to the ideal way to record fluid in-take. Data for 43 hospitalized patients and 37 normal adults were analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) In normal adults, the daily intake of water which enteres by the oral route was 2415m1 (the first method of calculation). The daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage was 1365m1 (the third method of calculation) The daily intake of water including fresh fruits and vegetables, rice, porridges, and Me m which have water content more than 80% were 2186m1 (the second method of calculation). 2) The urine output of the normal adults was 1350m1. This apprroximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 3) In patient group, the total intake of water was 2550m1 (the first method of calculation). The in-take of water in the form of pure water or as some other beverage and IV fluid was 1661m1 (the third method of calculation). The daily in-take of water including foods which have high water content was 2356m1 (the second method of calculation). 4) The urine output of the patient's group was 1728m1. This approximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 5) Investigation of the method of calculation of the patient fluid intake showed that among the 31 hospitals studied, only eight use the third method of calculation which reflects the most close value to urine output. From the results obtained in this study, it was indicated that the amount of fluid taken in the form of pure water reflects the most close value to urine output. Therefore, it can be suggested that the third method of calculation which includes water in-take only in the form of pure water or beverage should be used as patients' fluid intake record.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

일반적으로 유체-구조물 상호작용을 고려한 유체속 구조물들의 지진 및 진동해석에는 주어진 시스템에 대한 유체부가질량을 추정하여 구조물관 연계하는 단순해석 방법을 주로 사용한다. 실제로 유체속 구조물의 응답특성은 유체부가질량 뿐만 아니라 유체점성으로 인한 감쇠영향을 받으며 이들은 모두 연계항을 갖는 복잡한 행렬 형태로 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 비점성 및 점성 유체에 대한 Navier-Stokes 지배방정식의 선형화를 통한 유한요소 정식화를 유도하였다. 이를 이용하여 유한요소 해석 프로그램을 작성하고 6각형 단면특성을 갖는 액체금속로 노심에 대하여 덕트집합체 사이의 유체간격과 레이놀즈수 변화에 따른 유체부가질량과 유체감쇠에 대한 유한 요소 해석을 수행한 결과, 유체간격이 줄어들수록 유체부가질량은 유체점성의 영향을 크게 받고 유체감쇠는 점성으로 인하여 레이놀즈수의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 편심을 갖는 동축원통에 대한 유한요소 해석결과, 편심이 증가할수록 유체부가질량은 크게 증가하지만 유체감쇠는 편심이 작은 경우 거의 변화가 없으며 어느 일정 수준이상으로 편심이 커질 경우에는 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2020

유체 저장 구조물은 지진 시 유체의 출렁임에 의해 동수압이 발생한다. 이 때, 유체의 동수압은 지진의 강도뿐만 아니라 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 높이(sloshing height)에 의해서도 변화한다. 이러한 하중 변화에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 지진파의 형상, 최대지진강도, 유체 저장구조물의 크기, 구조물의 폭, 유체의 높이 등이 있으며, 본 연구에서는 유체높이와 구조물 폭의 비가 유체의 출렁임 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 구조물의 폭이 500mm인 수조에 구조물의 전체 높이 대비 50%인 200mm와 35%인 140mm의 유체를 담아 실지진파를 적용시켜 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 높이를 측정하였다. 또한 수치해석기법 중 하나인 SPH기법을 통하여 실험과 해석의 유사성을 검증하였다. 실험과 해석의 비교를 통하여 유체의 자유 수면이 유사한 형상을 나타냄을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 SPH기법을 적용하여 유체높이와 구조물 폭의 비를 다양하게 변화시키면서 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 형상을 분석하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 지진시 유체 자유수면의 최대 높이 및 최소높이를 예측할 수 있는 식을 제안하였으며, 제안식에 의해 예측된 유체 자유수면의 최대 높이 및 최소 높이의 오차는 최대 3% 이내임을 확인하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.105-106
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• 2005

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.864-868
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• 2012

This study aimed to examine the recognition on phlegm-retained fluid of the Onbo School's five physicians, Xue Ji(薛己), Sun Yi-kui(孫一奎), Zhao Xian-ke(趙獻可), Zhang Jie-bin(張介賓), and Li Zhong-zi(李中梓), who made important contributions in the formation of Tanbing theories. Five authors were included as the study subjects. The study examined on the definition, causes, classification, therapeutic methods, and instructions of phlegm-retained fluid. The results are Phlegm-retained fluid is formed when the normal circulation of body fluid is not functioning properly. Plegm (痰) is thick, slimy, and murky fluid. In contrast, retained fluid(飮) is clear and watery fluid. The major causal organs of phlegm-retained fluid formation were pointed out as pancreas and kidney. Five physicians had different opinions regarding the classification of phlegm-retained fluid. Warming and tonifing the spleen and stomach(溫補脾胃) and tonifing the kidney(補腎) were taken as the suitable methods for treating phlegm-retained fluid. The common characteristics of the Onbo School were verified in terms of formation and treatment methods for phlegm-retained fluid. However, specific common points were hardly found in other items. The Onbo School had varied opinions on the processing methods of Rehmannia glutinosa(熟地黃). Further discussion on related references are essential.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

유체 저장 구조물의 경우 지진 시 유체의 출렁임에 의하여 구조물에 동수압이 작용한다. 이 때, 유체의 동수압은 지진의 강도뿐만 아니라 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 높이(sloshing height)에 의해서도 변화한다. 이러한 하중의 변화에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 지진파의 형상, 최대지진강도, 유체 저장 구조물의 크기, 구조물의 폭, 유체의 높이 등이 있는데, 본 논문에서는 지진파의 형상과 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 형상의 상관관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 구조물의 폭이 500 mm인 수조에 실지진파를 적용시켜 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 높이를 측정하고, 수치해석을 통하여 실험과 해석의 유사성을 검증하였다. 또한, 실험과 해석의 비교를 통하여 검증된 구조해석 기법을 적용하여 인공지진파의 형상을 다양하게 변화시키면서 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 형상의 변화를 측정하고, 인공지진파의 형상이 유체 자유수면의 출렁임 형상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

The fluid coupling combined with a pump and a turbine have many merits compared with other couplings, their uses are increesing rapidly in various industrial fields at home and abroad in pursuit of high-speed more efficiency durability of various mechanic devices. The authorities concerned have recognized the improtance of the fluid coupling and supported its developement and now some trial products began to show up. As the structrue and characteristics of the fluid coupling have little similarity to other kinds of couplings and its fluid behavior is unique, so its characteristic analysis is expected to be difficult. Until now no satisfactory study on the characteristics of the fluid coupling seems to have been conducted at home, so a study on this field needs to be done urgently. The purpose of this research is to construct the experimental test set-ups and establish a series of performance test program for the domestically developed fluid couplings and to provide a software to store and utilize these experimental data which can be used to improve the performance of the fluid coupling and solve on the job problems confronted in operation. The performance test consists of taking measurment of torque, rpm and efficiency of the fluid coupling for three different amount of working fluid inside with various loads to the output shaft and finally infestigating the torque, rpm and efficiency characteristics of the fluid coupling with respect to these parameters. The results of this study can contribute valuable references to the development of variable speed fluid coupling and torque converter currently pursued by the domestic industry.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.373-374
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• 2002

Magnetic fluid seals are used in a wide variety of gas and dust sealing applications. However, it is difficult to seal for liquid because of its characteristic. This study will be a basic guide for a magnetic fluid seal for liquid, especially for blood to be practically used in medical instruments such as rotary blood pumps by clarifying its seal properties. Sealing pressure test, durability test, and hemolysis test have been conducted for this seal. In this study, magnetic fluid, sealing fluid, eccentricity ratio, revolution speed were selected as parameters. As results of the tests, it has been found that the properties of magnetic fluid seal depend on the solvent and the saturation magnetization of magnetic fluid. Therefore, the selection of magnetic fluid is important for this seal. It also has been found that eccentricity ratio of the shaft caused harmful effect for seal properties. In conclusion, it has been showed that magnetic fluid seals could be possibly used in medical instruments such as blood pumps when blood come in contact with magnetic fluids.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2002

In order to investigate the vibration characteristics of fluid-structure interaction problem, we modeled two identical rectangular plates coupled with fluid. A commercial computer code, ANSYS was used to perform finite element analysis and FEM solutions were compared with the experimental results to verify the finite element model. As a result, comparison of FEM and experiment showed good agreement, and the transverse vibration modes, in-phase and out-of-Phase, were observed alternately in the fluid-coupled system. The effect of fluid gap size on the fluid-coupled natural frequency were investigated. It was shown that the mode numbers increased, the normalized natural frequencies monotonically increased. And it was also found that an increase of the fluid gap reduced the coupled natural frequencies for the in-phase modes but increased the coupled natural frequencies for the out-of phase modes, and eventually converged to the results of an infinite fluid gap.