• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 1992

It would be clear that the constituents of the leaf surface lipid is ye비 important as an evaluation index of tobacco leaf quality since the quality of tobacco specific aroma with leaf species depends on the contents of the lipid and the strength of the aroma is determined by the amounts of the lipid secreted. For the reason, a rapid and peproducible method to quantify DVT, which is a kind of lipid, has been studied. The biosynthesis procedure of DVT in leaf growing processes, and the volatile or decompositional characters of DVT in leaf drying processes were also discussed. In consequence, it might be possible to get the data available to the cultivation of better tobacco leaf and the manufacture of cigarettes with better aroma and taste. The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1. Chloroform/dichloromethane solvent was better than chloroform alone for DVT extraction. The extraction yields of the leaf surface lipid were about 5% 2. The extractives with dichloromethane were treated by silylation with BSTPa and the quantitative analysis of DVT was carried out using SE -54 fused silica capillary column. It was found that rapid and reproducible data could be obtained from these methods. 3. In flue - cured tobacco species, DVT contents were $30.3\mu\textrm{g}/cm^2$ in the beginning stage of leaf drying processes and $12.1\mu\textrm{g}/cm^2$ corresponded to 30% levels of the beginning stage, in the end stage. 4. DVT contents in Burley mere 2 times as large as those in fluecured tobacco. DVT in the upper stalk position of leaf was 3 times larger than that in the lower stalk position. 5. DVT of tobacco leaves was decomposed by $SO_2$ gas or the sun light. The decomposition rate was largest in the sample used methanol as a extraction solvent.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-89
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• 1993

Effect of the amount of fertilizer, plant density, and harvesting time on the production of tobacco leaf protein and fresh biomass was investigated. Flue-cured tobacco(M tabacum, L., cv. NC 82) seedlings were transplanted in the field dressed 200kg N per ha at 1$\times$105, 3$\times$105, 5$\times$105, 7$\times$105 plants per ha, and were harvested at the time when 6 and 10 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Harvest at 10 weeks after transplanting increased greatly number of leaves per plant and fresh weight of a plant, Precentage of senescent leaf weight, but significantly decreased fresh weight of a leaf and total protein contents g-1 fresh weight of leaf and stalk over the amount obtained from the harvest at 6 weeks after transplanting. Also, fresh leaf numbers of a plant, fresh weight of a leaf and of a plant, and total protein contents g-1 fresh weight of biomass were more decreased, but percentage of senescent leaf weight were remarkably increased under higher plant density. Therefore, it was seemed that harvesting at 6 weeks after transplanting under 1$\times$105 plant density per ha is more effective for producing higher yield of biomass and protein per plant than 10 weeks harvesting with 7$\times$105 population per ha. A trend was observed that biomass and protein yields per ha are positively correlated with plant population. Biomass yield per ha was the greatest at 7$\times$105 density(80.5t), but the peak of protein yield was at the near of 5$\times$105 population(2454kg as total protein) per ha on the regression curve. It was assumed that if tobacco plants are transplanted under 5$\times$105 plant density at the mid of May, and thereafter harvest at 6 weeks repeatedly during the growing season, it is possible to harvest 2~3 times per year, and to yield more 6.024kg of protein and over 140me1ric tons of fresh biomass ha 1 year 1 statistically in the korea tobacco growing regions.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1974

The most commonly grown economical and flue-cured tobacco cultivar Yellow Special A was used in pot-culture tests in order to study Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosponic acid) effects on accelerating maturity of tobacco leaves in relation to the most adequate level of the chemical useful for field growing, nitrogen level in soil for the most pronounced response, and the most suitable spray period during the growth stages of pre-, post- and topping periods. The following conclusions, thus, were obtained from the present studies; 1. 500ppm Ethrel spray was reconfirmed to be adequate in the practical applications, although the extent of yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was increased as the Ethrel level increased. The highest leevel treated resulted in causing chemically damaged lesions on leaves and early defoliation. 2. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper yellowish tinge to them than those without treatment, while different levels of the chemcial had less influence on the tinge. 3. An adequate level of nitrogen supply to plants favored the Ethrel response, whereas either very low or high level of nitrogen in the soil lowered the chemical effect on accelerating the yellow-ripening. When carbohydrates versus total nitrogen ratio became relatively high, the condition brought out some outstanding Ethrel effects. 4. Chlorophyll level of leaves increased as soil applications of nitrogen level increased, and that also increased carotenoid level of the tobacco leaves. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper orange tinge than those without treatment, while the highest level of nitrogen application showed the deepest orange tinge to tobacco leaves. 5. Pre-topping treatment (12 days before topping and flowering) resulted in almost no Ethrel response, and that treatment right on the day of topping, showed response of yellow-leaf ripening at nearly bottom-half leaves of a tobacco plant. The post-topping treatment (12 days after topping) made plants showing full response of Ethrel from bottom to the top leaves of tobacco plant in accelerating the leaf maturity. 6. The extent of Ethrel responses on accelerating yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was discussed for the modifying influences brought about by certain environmental factors. Discussions were also made about the possible practical applications (particularly for pre-rice planting) and quality difference that may be caused by such growth environments.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1989

잎담배품질(등급별 수량분포비율)에 관여하는 개별 기상환경요인의 영향도 및 관계를 시기별로 분석한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 부엽 고품질인 1∼2등엽의 수량분포비율은 34.6％이고 저품질인 4∼5등엽은 40.4％이었다. 2. 품질등급별 수량분포비율의 년차변이는 5등엽에서 가장 높았고 2등엽에서 낮은 변이를 나타냈다. 3. 기상환경요인중 시기별 년차변이는 강수량과 일조시수에서 높았으며 최고기온에서 가장 낮았다. 4. 강수량은 6월 상순 > 5월 하순 > 6월 하순순으로 년차변이계수가 높았다. 5. 일조시수는 7월 하순 > 6월 하순순으로 년차변이계수가 높았다. 6. 고품질엽의 수량분포비율에 미치는 시기별 기상요인의 영향도를 보면, 가) 평균기온 : 정방향으로는 5월 하순과 중순에서 영향도가 크고 부방향으로는 5월 하순과 6월 상순에 크게 나타났다. 나) 일조시수 : 정방향으로는 6월 중순 > 6월 하순 > 5월 하순순으로 영향도가 크고 부방향으 영향도순은 5월 상순> 5월 중순이었다. 다) 강수량 : 정방향의 영향도순위는 5월 상순 > 5월 하순 > 5월 중순이고 부방향은 6월 중순과 6월 상순에서 영향도가 크게 나타았다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 1984

Six kinds of sugars (Maltose, Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Mannose and Lactose) and four kinds of organic acids (Malic, Tartaric, Lactic and Citric) were added by 2-10% for the former and 0.2-1.8% for the later in quantitatively to the inferior quality of Flue-cured leaf tobaccos, and treated at 135$^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes to examine the effect on deliveries of tar and nicotine in smoke, variation of smoke pH and smoking taste. The results obtained are as follows. Tar and nicotine deliveries in smoke of tobacco show a great reduction with 5-6% addition of sugars. Reduction of nicotine delivery was to be 19% with addition of Glucose. Tar in smoke was, however, increased by 5-8% with 4% addition of Sucrose or Lactose. On the other hand, 4% addition of Glucose and Fructose gave 1 % reduction of tar delivery, but the reduction rate became to be small with increase of adding quantity. The smoking taste by the addition of Glucose and Fructose tobacco was found to be milder than by the other sugars. Tar and nicotine deliveries show a decreasing trend with the addition of organic acid, and Tartaric acid, among the organic acids described above, had greater effect than the other acids. 1% addition of Tartaric acid gaves 10-11% reduction in tar and nicotine delivery, and a fall of smoke pH, from 6.40 to 6.05, was found. Smoking taste by the addition of Lactic and Tartaric acid had milder than the others. And heat treatment for 10 minutes at $135^{\circ}C$ gave also better on smoking taste. The addition of mixture of sugars and organic acids, (Glucose 4%+Lactic acid 0.8% + Tartaric acid 0.2%) and then the successive heat treatment for 10 minutes at $135^{\circ}C$ improved greatly the quality of Fluecured leaf tobacco, and nicotine were reduced to 16-29%, and pH was changed from 6.46 to 6.14.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1982

본 시험은 적심의 시기와 정도를 달리하여 조기적심 체제확립과 그에 따른 품종의 반응을 구명코자 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수확기의 전엽장 및 엽폭은 By 104, Nc 2326, Va 115순으로 컸고, 조기 천지할수록 길었으며, 주당엽면적 및 생엽중은 By 104, 조기 천지인 경우에 컸다. 2. 발뢰기 적심은 만기적심에 비하여 본 상엽의 엽장, 엽폭, 엽면적이 커서 증수되었다. 3. 엽면상대조도는 Va 115 품종에서 높았고 By 104는 낮았으며 만적일수록 수광상태가 좋았다. 4. 니코틴함량은 조기, 심지일수록 전질소는 조적일수록 전당함량은 Nc 2326, 만적일수록 높았다. 5. 수량은 By 104, 발뢰기 추엽1매 적심구에서 표준구(개화시, 추엽1매)에 비해 다소 높았으며, 대금은 3개 품종 공히 발뢰기 추엽1매 적심구가 높았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.156-160
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• 1985

밭토양(土壤)의 비옥도(肥沃度) 평가(評價)와 비옥도별(肥沃度別) 시비반응(施肥反應)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 수원(水原), 음성(陰城), 대구(大邱) 연초시험장(煙草試驗場) 시험포장(試驗圃場)에서 24개(個) 경작지(耕作地)를 선정(選定)하여 경작지별(耕作地別)로 무비료구(無肥料區)와 연초용(煙草用) 복합비료(複合肥料)(10-10-20)의 시비수준(施肥水準)을 각각(各各) 70, 100, 130kg/10a으로 두어 황색종(黃色種) 연초(煙草)의 시비반응(施肥反應)을 종합(綜合)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 밭토양의 비옥도(肥沃度) 구분(區分)은 무비구(無肥區)의 건엽중(乾葉重)으로서 평가(評價)가 가능(可能)하였다. 2. 경작지별(耕作地別) 시비량증가(施肥量增加)에 따른 시비효율(施肥效率) (시비구(施肥區) 건엽중(乾葉重)-무비구(無肥區) 건엽중(乾葉重))은 비옥도(肥沃度)가 높아짐에 따라 매우 작아지며 특히 70과 100kg/10a간(間)에서만 증수차이(增收差異)가 인정(認定)되고 100과 130kg/10a 시비수준간(施肥水準間)에는 시비효과(施肥效果)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 3. 수익(收益) (수량(收量) ${\times}$ kg당(當) 가격(價格))을 기준(基準)으로한 시비한계(施肥限界)는 건엽중(乾葉重)이 208.5kg/10a 이하(以下)인 경작지에서는 100kg/10a이고 건엽중(乾葉重)이 33.3kg/10a 이하(以下)의 비옥도(肥沃度)를 나타내는 매우 척박(瘠薄)한 경작지에서는 130kg/10a이고 시비범위(施肥範圍)이었다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.5-20
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• 1991

For the quality enhancement of harvested-year leaf tobacco to the quality of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco, cellulose and nicotine degradative bacteria were isolated and identified. Effects of artificial fermentation treated cellulase and nicotine degradative bacteria on the quality of leaf tobacco were investigated from the chemical and sensory points of view. 1, Changes in chemical composition of leaf tobacco resulted from the addition of cellulase extracted from Cellulomonas sp. [3ml(${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ D-glucose/ml. mil-1) of enzymes solution 11009 of leaf tobacco] and nicotine degradative bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. 2ml(IX109 cells$\div$ 100g of leaf tobacco), and subsequently fermented at 40${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^{\circ}C$, 65% R. H. for 40 days are as follows : 1) Content of crude fiber decreased 12% It took 9 min, 53 sec. to reach full combustion in control group but took only 7 min. 47 sec. in the treated group, taking almost equal time to 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco(7 min. 35sec.). 2) Light intensity of control group was 60.96% with bright lemon color but that of treated leaf tobacco accounted for 47.69 with orange to dark brown color series, which was almost equal to the value, 45.69, of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. 3) Linoleic acid, serving mild taste among organic acids, amounted to 1.llmg/g in control group but increased to 1.35m9/9 in the treated leaf tobacco, identical to the content(1.35mg/g) of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. 4) Content of solanone, on of the typical leaf tobacco flavor compounds, accounted for 2.95% in control group but increased to 2.87% in treated group. 5) Methyl furan, useful flavor compound in smoke composition, accounted for 17.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in control group but increased to 25.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in treated group. However, acroleine decreased from 69.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in control group to 58.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in treated group 2. In sonsory test, mild taste evaluation of control group scored 5.47 and treated group 7.93 which was evaluted almost equal to the value(8.00) of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. Aroma evaluation of control group scored 5.60, treated group 8.20, and 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco 8.33. In addition, total harmony taste of control group showed 5.67, treated group 8.07 (p<0.01), and 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco 8.00. From these results, it can be said that quality of treated leaf tobacco is not inferior to that 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1968

(1) 소사연초시험장에서 1952~1964까지 13개년 시행한 황색종품종비교시험에 표준품종으로 공시된 Yellow Pryor품종의 성적과 경기도농촌진흥원 기상관측자료와의 상관계수를 산출하여 잎담배 수량에 미치는 기상적 영향을 고찰함과 동시 이를 기초로 중회귀방정식을 유도하여 추정치를 산출하고 실수량과 비교검토하였다. (2) 담배는 기상재해를 많이 받을 수 있는 개화결실이란 과정을 거치지 않고 다만 영양체증가에만 의존하는 작물인데도 타곡실작물과 거의 비등한 년차적 변이계수를 갖는다는 것은 본작물이 생유기간에 기상의 영향을 많이 받는다는 것을 알 수 있다. (3) 수량의 구성요소중 엽수가 크게 작용하며 (4=+0.736) 엽수의 증감은 5월의 일조(r=+0.745) 및 5~6월의 기상의 종합적인 영향(R=0.8376)이 크게 작용하는 것 같다. (4) 따라서 수량의 증감은 5월의 일조(r=0.717) 5월의 기온(r=0.329) 및 6월의 강우(r=0.421)에 보다 크게 영향을 받는다. (5) 이들 3요인을 기초로 하여 수량의 추정식 Y=441.664-31.255$X_1$+1.190$X_2$-0.031$X_3$을 산출할 수 있으며 이 식은 유의하고 (R=0.8074 df=7) 상식에 그해의 $X_1$, $X_2$, $X_3$을 대입하면 기상조건만을 고려할 때 그 해의 추정수량을 계산할 수가 있다.