• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.269-272
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• 1981

유채의 개화습성을 용당품종을 공시하여 분석한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 개체당 총개화수는 1,400～l,500개이었고 개화는 4월13일에 시작하였으며, 개체당 개화소요 일수는 30일이었다. 2. 개체당 협수는 560～630게 정도이었고 개체당 1차 분지는 18～20개이었다. 3. 협을 형성하는데 평균 5일이 소요되있고 분지의 부위에 따른 개화속도는 차이가 없었다. 4. 분지별 개화기간은 상부분지로 갈수록 0.45일씩 단축되었고 분지부위가 상위로 갈수록 협수는 1개 정도씩 감소했다. 5. 유분함량은 하부와 상부분지에서 높고 중부분지에서는 유의하게 낮았다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2013

토마토 잎들의 엽위별 광합성 특성을 조사하고, 잎의 연령과 개화속도를 엽위별 광합성 특성과 비교분석하였다. 일중 광합성 속도 특성실험에서는 일출 전 2시간부터 일몰 후 3시간까지 1시간마다 4번째 화방의 하부엽 3매의 광합성 속도를 측정하였다. 3개체를 반복으로 총 2회 조사하였다. 토마토의 일중 광합성 속도는 일출 후 1시간 동안 급격히 증가한 후, 일몰 2시간 전까지 일정하게 유지되는 양상을 보여 급액의 시작과 마감시각을 결정하는데 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 엽위별 광합성 속도 특성실험에서는 1화방부터 4화방까지 각 화방의 하부에 있는 본엽 3개씩을 대상으로 광합성 속도를 조사하였다. 또한 광합성 특성을 분석하는데 적용하기 위해 개화속도를 조사하였다. 광합성속도는 엽위에 관계없이 꽃이 만개하는 시기를 정점으로 지속적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 만개 이후에는 해당 화방 이하의 잎의 활력이 감소하고 생육단계가 노화단계로 이동하기 때문으로 사료된다. 따라서 토마토의 개화속도와 광합성 속도는 서로 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과, 생육단계(엽령)의 차이에 의해 각 화방별 광합성 속도는 차이가 있으나, 광합성 속도로 작물의 활력을 판단하려 할 때는 개화하고 있는 화방의 하부엽을 조사하는 것이 매우 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-123
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• 1996

The position effects on the abortion of flowers, fruits, and ovules were examined in relation to the resource limitation hypothesis using a temperate legume species, Vicia cracca. Fifty plants were randomly sampled from a natural population located at the Belmont Conservation Site in Belmont, MA, USA. Due to indeterminant growth and acropetal flowering of this species, the position of flower or fruit on the plant was able to be coded by the combination of architectural levels such as plant half (lower and upper half) and inflorescence half (lower and upper half) within each plant half. Overall, only 17.3% of the flowers on an inflorescence began to develop into fruits, while overall 36.0% of the fruits initiated failed to mature. Consequently, 11.5% of the flowers successfully matured into fruits. The mean flower number per inflorescence differed significantly among plants as well as between plant halves. Although the probability of fruit initiation was higher in the lower halves of both plant and inflorescence than in the upper halves of the latter, fruit abortion rate differed significantly only between plant halves. The overall mean seed set was 33.6%, implying that about two out of six ovules in a fruit matured into seeds. The seed set was independent of both plant identity and architectural level unlike other reproductive characters examined. When the ovule developmental stage was examined on data pooled over all fruits, the proportion of ovules in varying developmental stages decreased in order of early abortion, seed maturation, late abortion, and seed predation (48.4, 34.9, 12.2, and 4.5%, respectively). A within-fruit ovule position was also used as a class variable for the analysis of position effects on ovule development. All architectural levels considered exerted singificant influence over the ovule development. In particular, ovule development was strongly affected by the within-fruit ovule position. Ovules in both extreme ends within a fruit tended to abort early, while those in the middle position were more likely to mature into seeds. The strong position effects detected from the flowering to seed maturation stage were interpreted as an indication of competitive interaction among reproductive characters which are largely constrained by plant architecture.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표논문집
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• pp.79-80
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• 2001

This study was conducted to estimate rooting and shooting in single-node cuttings (SNC) of roses 'Rote Rose' and 'Teresa' to several conditions: growth stage, node position, and leaf area of cutting, so that single-stemmed roses (SSR) could be used in rose factory system. There was no effects of growth stage of flowering shoots far cutting on the rooting and shooting of SNC in both of the two cultivars. However, the node position and leaf area of cuttings significantly affected the rooting and shooting of SNC: the speed was accelerated with larger leaf area and upper node cuttings, but the rate showed little difference as above 95%. Based on above results, rooting and shooting in SNC was forced by leaf area mainly, followed by node positions. On the other hand, flowering rate of shoots from SNC was improved mainly with larger leaf area in cuttings. Shoots of 45cm-longer, qualified for rose factory system, increased with lower node and larger leaf area significantly. Therefore, it could be said that the potential growth of shoots from SNC would be influenced mainly by leaf area, followed by node position on cutting.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

a-Ketol linolenic acid [KODA, 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid, or 9-hydroxy-10 -oxo-12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid] was found as a stress-induced factor in Lemna paucicostata. KODA reacts with catecholamines to generate many products that strongly induce flowering in L. paucicostata, although KODA itself was inactive. KODA contains an asymmetric carbon at the 9-position in the molecule; the 9-hydroxyl group is predominantly 9R, with an enantiomeric excess of 40% (70% 9R and 30% 9S). We analyzed two major products of the reaction between KODA and norepinephrine, named FN1 and FN2. FN1 was identified as a tricyclic a-ketol fatty acid, 9(R)-11-{(2'R,8’R,10'S,11'S)-2',8'-dihydroxy-7'-oxo-11'-[(Z)-2-pentenyl]-9'-oxa-4'-azatricyclo[6.3.1.01.5]dodec-5'en-10'-yl}-9-hydroxy-10-oxoundecanoic acid. FN2 was the C-9 epimer of FN1. FN1 was derived from 9R-type KODA and FN2 from 9S-type. FN1 showed strong flower-inducing activity, but FN2 was inactive. Pharbitis nil (violet) is a typical short-day plant; flowering can be induced by exposing a seedling cultivated under continuous light to a single 16-h dark period. We analyzed endogenous KODA levels and showed that they were closely related to flower induction: KODA sharply increased in the later part of a 16-h dark period, on the other hand, it failed to increase in the night-break experiment. In addition to it, KODA increased transiently in immature flower buds in all the plants we examined, including P. nil. No such increase of KODA was seen in foliar buds of P. nil. When KODA was sprayed on seedlings of Pharbitis, flower induction was promoted only by the (R)-form of KODA. We also found that KODA enhances flowering in garden plants such as carnations and impatienses. These phenomena indicate that KODA may be involved in flowering formationg of plants and it is potentially useful for a regulating agent for commercial plant flowering.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine adequate planting date, to compare the growth characteristics between early and late maturing cultivars, and to provide the data for the cultivation techniques of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in double cropping system with winter crops on paddy field in Korea. Cultivars were planted on 26 May, 16 June, and 7 July with a planting density of $70cm(row\;widtb)\;{\times}\;10cm$ (planting spacing). Seed yield of soybean planted on June 16 and July 7 was approximately $37\%\;and\;53\%$, respectively, less than that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Pungsan-namulkong, and planted on June 16 and July 7 was about $30\%\;and\;37\%$, respectively, less then that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Hanamkong. The number of pods and seeds per plant decreased as planting date delayed. Seed weight increased in Pungsan-namulkong but decreased in Hannamkong as planting date delayed. The flowering date was late in delayed planting plots, but it was shorted for days from emergence to flowering and from emergence to maturity. The plant height of Hannamkong was greater than Pungsan-namulkong from the emergence to flowering stages, but in contrast, it was greater in Pungsan-namulkong than Hannamkong after flowering stage (50d after emergence) when it planted on May 26. There were no significant differences between two soybean cultivars at planting dates of June 16 and July 7. Leaf number, leaf area, and dry matter were also reduced by late planting, and Both of them were shown in high reduction at the later planting. There was a high significant difference at the flowering $(r\;=\;0.87^{**})$ and pod formation $(r\;=\;0.91^{**})$ stages between leaf dry matter and seed yield. Crop growth rate (CGR) was greater at $R2\~R3$ growth stages compared to $R3\~R4\;or\;R4\~R5$ growth stages in two soybean cultivars and the greatest CGR was obtained at planting date of May 26 in two soybean cultivars except for R4-R5 growth stage in Pungsan-namulkong. There was a highly significant positive difference between the seed yield and the leaf area index (LAI) across R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages. The photosynthetic rate $(P_N)$ of the uppermost leaf position had no significant difference among planting dates and between two soybean cultivars. However, $P_N$ of the $7^{th}$ leaf position increased as the planting date delayed.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2007

국내 육성 품종인 3년생 '홍로'와 도입 품종인 4년생 '갤럭시갈라' 사과를 대상으로 정아 고사 시 장과지 및 액아의 활용 가치를 알아보고자 결과지 길이 및 꽃눈 위치 따른 개화 및 과실 특성을 조사하였다. '홍로'와 '갤럭시갈라' 모두 개화시, 만개기 및 낙화기는 20 cm 이상 결과지에서 5 cm 미만과 $10{\sim}15cm$ 결과지보다 다소 늦었다. 화총당 꽃수도 때 정도 적었다. 과중, 종자수, 당산비 등 대부분의 과실 특성은 5 cm 미만과 $10{\sim}15cm$ 20 cm 이상 결과지보다 높았지만, 당도와 산 함량은 반대의 경향이었다. 20 cm 이상 결과지의 정아와 액아 간 대부분의 과실 특성은 액아에서 좋은 경향을 나타내었지만, '홍로' 사과의 종자수, '갤럭시갈라'의 Hunter a값을 제외하고는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 두 품종 모두 과중과 종자 간 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. 따라서 정아 고사 시 장과지로 대체 활용할 수 있고 '갤럭시갈라'의 경우 액화아의 이용도 가능하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2003

To find out the relationship between pod development and cytokinin contents during reproductive stage of peanut, the cytokinin contents, trans-zeatin ribo-side (t-ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (diZR), were investigated at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after flowering (DAF). The amounts of t-ZR and diZR in cotyledon and first branch among primary branches were 3, 448 pmol/g (FW) and 4, 824 p/g (FW), respectively, which were higher than those of other branches. The t-ZR and diZR contents of lower parts on the branch from cotyledon node at 7 DAF were 579 pmol/g (FW) and 2, 028 pmol/g (FW), respectively, which were higher than those of upper parts. The cytokinin contents of reproductive organs as flowering progressed were increased at 0 and 14 DAF on branch and position of node. The cytokinin contents of upper part with pruning the lower part on the branch from cotyledon node were high 112-337% at 7 DAF and 14 DAF compared with those of the control. In case of remove the upper part of the first internode on main axis, t-ZR contents was 4.7 times higher than diZR contents at 7 DAF. The pod setting rate of flower and position on the branch from cotyledon node was closely related to the cytokinin contents during floral reproductive stage.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

식용백합 Lilium brownii의 국내 생육특성과 인편조직배양에 의한 자구 발생수, 자구중, 자구중은 다음과 같다. 노지조건에서는 5월 25일 개화하였고 무가온하우스는 5월 18일이었으며 초장은 노지 50±3cm, 하우스 54±3cm 였다. 인편착생 위치별 자구 발생수, 자구중, 자구중은 외인편>중인편>내인편 순으로 좋았다. 인편 크기별로는 대인편에서 3.5개로 가장 많았고 인편이 클수록 자구중, 자구중이 좋았다. 대량생산을 위한 BA 농도별 처리는 BA. 1.5mg/l에서 3.8개로 가장 많았고 자구중 및 자구경도 좋았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2012

본 연구는 흑미의 종자 발달에 따른 색소발현 현상을 조사하여 품종육성 및 재배법의 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 최초 어느 시기에 색소가 발현하고, 이러한 색소의 발현순서와 종자 내에서 색깔의 차이가 나타나는 부위에 대해 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 최초 색소발현은 개화 후 5일경에 종자의 정단에서 연한적자색을 관찰 하였으며, 이때 색소가 발현된 정도는 종자의 총 단면적 대비 0.08%였다. 색소발현 순서는 종자의 정단에서 기부로, 그리고 배면에서 마지막에는 복면 순이었으며, 색소가 종자 전체에 발현된 시점은 개화 후 25일 경이었다. 그 이후는 색이 적자색에서 흑자색으로 진해지는 시기였다. 수확 후 가시적인 종자 간 및 종자 내 색소발현이 불균일한 것을 골라 조사한 결과, 종자 내 복면부위가 다른 부위에 비해 상대적으로 연한 적자색을 띠었으며, 종자의 색소발현이 불균일한 부위는 복면 부위였다.