• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1996

A clone, LCM1, which encodes calmodulin (CaM) was isolated and characterized from monocot lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) plants. The clone is 681 bps and contains the 447 bp coding region, 8 bp leader sequence, 210 bp 3'-untraslated region, and a poly(A) tail. The coding region of 149 amino acids encodes a protein of predicted Mr 17 kD. Comparison of the LCM1 amino acid sequence with other CaMs revealed that the protein is highly conserved among various living organisms. The expression level of calmodulin gene in lily was studied by RNA blot analysis. The LCM1 mRNA was present in all tissues tested. However, a higher level of calmodulin was observed in anther and floral bud. The level of calmodulin mRNA in anther was about 10 times higher than that in anther was about 10 times higher than that in vegetative tissues. The anther preferential expression of CaM in lily is currently investigated in dicot plants.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Exosomes are homogenous vesicles of 40-100 nm diameter produced endogenously. Exosomes are generated by inward budding into multi-vesicular bodies (MVB) and then released to extracellular space. Exosomes contain various nucleic acid and protein cargoes from their cells of origin and this endosomal cellular molecules are used for intracellular communication and for both promotion and suppression of immune responses. Recently, they are also considered as delivery vehicle for therapeutic proteins due to their characteristics of stability in body fluids and ability for target uptake. Also, they show less immune reactivity because the isolated exosome harboring therapeutic proteins can be from the same host. White-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis is one of the major insect commercially reared in Korea. There are bacterial and fungal pathogens causing diseases in the beetle, and these diseases incur economic loss to the larva-rearing farms. Due to their endosomal cargoes, exosomes are good candidates in use of disease diagnosis. In this study, we isolated insect exosome from the hemolymph of P. brevitarsis, and verified it by analysis of the exosome-specific surface proteins and RNA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

Rosa rugosa Thunb, a deciduous shrub of the genus Rosa, has been widely used to treat stomach aches, diarrhoea, pain, and chronic inflammatory disease in eastern Asia. In recent years, our research team has extensively studied the Rosa rugosa flower extract, and specifically undertook pharmacological experiments which have optimized the extraction process. Our methods have yielded a standard extract enriched in phenolic compounds, named PRE. Herein, we expand our efforts and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of PRE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PRE significantly inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), as well as expression of their synthesizing enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2). Furthermore, PRE inhibited activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling pathway. Our findings are the first to explain the anti-inflammatory mechanism by PRE in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Given these results, we propose that PRE has therapeutic potential in the prevention of inflammatory disorders.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.648-655
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 도라지의 품종 구분 및 유전적 다양성 분석에 활용될 수 있는 분자표지 개발을 위하여 RAPD 마커를 활용하여 분석하였으며, 동시에 actin유전자 염기서열에서 유래한 분자표지를 제작하였다. 총 30개의 RAPD 분자표지를 활용한 분석을 진행하였으나, 재현성과 안정성이 확보된 DNA 상의 다형성은 확보할 수 없었다. 이에, 도라지 actin (Pg-actin) 유전자에 존재하는 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)을 이용하여 품종 간 구분에 활용 가능한 분자마커로의 전환을 탐색하였다. 도라지 genomic DNA에 actin 유래 유전자를 사용하여 2개의 actin homologs를 확보하였으며, 이를 염기서열 분석하여 3.4 kb의 Pg-actin fragment와 Pg-actin과 28.6%의 유사도를 가진 1.4 kb의 actin homologue를 획득하였다. 획득된 Pg-actin은 4개의 exon과 3개의 intron으로 구성된 유전자로, DNA 다형성 탐색을 통해 intron 3의 286 bp 위치에서 SNP (G ↔ A)를 발견하였으며, 이를 활용도 높은 CAPS marker로 전환하여 PgActin-Int3 마커를 개발하였다. Pg-Actin-Int3 마커를 32개의 도라지 유전자원에 적용시켜 본 결과 품종 간의 차이를 보이는 부분이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확보된 도라지 DNA 염기서열정보는 도라지의 유전적 다양성 분석 및 도라지 분자육종에 활용될 수 있을 것이라 전망된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.375-378
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• 1991

방아의 단백질 함량은 부위별로 볼 때 잎에서 14.90%로 가장 높았고 꽃대에는 10.63%, 줄기에서는 3.83%로 부위별로 차이가 크게 나타났다. 지방함량은 $5.25{\sim}7.74%$의 범위로 부위별 함량이 비슷하였다. 회분은 잎과 꽃대에 각각 8.43%와 7.71%로 비슷하였으나 줄기에서는 1.42%로 현저히 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 총 당은 잎과 꽃대에서 각각 27.53%와 14.86%으로 함유되었고, 환원당은 각각 11.80%와 2.75%의 함량으로 부위에 따라 차이를 보이었다. 지방산은 각 부위에서 총 15종이 동정되었으며 그 중 linolenic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid 등이 주된 성분으로 나타났는데, 특히 잎과 꽃대에는 linolenic acid 함량이 각각 35.45%와 52.77%로 높게 나타났다. 총 아미노산은 잎과 꽃대에서 17종이 동정되었으며 tryptophan을 제외한 7종의 필수아미노산이 분포되어 있었고, 각 아미노산 함량별로는 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine 등의 순으로 높게 함유되었으며 필수아미노산의 비율이 잎과 꽃대에서 각각 37.82%와 33.49%로 나타났다. 유리아미노산은 잎에서 histidine, serine, glutamic acid, proline 및 alanine 등의 순으로 높게 함유되었으며 꽃대에는 serine, histidine, proline, glutamic acid, arginine 및 aspartic acid 등의 순으로 나타났다. 무기질의 조성은 Ca과 Fe를 제외한 Zn, K, Na, Mg, Cu 및 Mn 등이 줄기에 비하여 잎과 꽃대에서 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2015

The flower buds of Sophora japonica L (SF), as a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, have been used to treat bleeding-related disorders such as hematochezia, hemorrhoidal bleeding, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and diarrhea. However, no specific anti-cancer effect and its molecular mechanism of SF have been described. Thus, we performed in vitro study to investigate if treatment of SF affects activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression and ATF3-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. The effects of SF on cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and Western blot analysis against cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). ATF3 activation induced by SF was evaluated using Western blot analysis, RT-PCR and ATF3 promoter assay. SF treatment caused decrease of cell viability and increase of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Exposure of SF activated the levels of ATF3 protein and mRNA via transcriptional regulation in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 by PD98059 and p38 by SB203580 attenuated SF-induced ATF3 expression and transcriptional activation. Ectopic ATF3 overexpression accelerated SF-induced cleavage of PARP. These findings suggest that SF-mediated apoptosis may be the result of ATF3 expression through ERK1/2 and p38-mediated transcriptional activation.

• Plant Resources
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological characteristics of the plants and seeds of Ainsliaea acerifolia and to determine the optimum condition for producing sprouts from the seeds. Plant height, flower stalk length, and pod number were higher in natural habitat than in campus farm. Average 1.2 seeds per pod was set but only 0 to 2 seeds per plant was set in plants with the enveloped flower stalks, indicating that this is an outcrossing species. Most of seeds were 9-11mm long and 1.1-1.4mm wide. Fresh weight of seeds was ranged from 10mg to 17mg. Seeds germinated well at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$. Mean germination period was 11.5 day at 15 to $25^{\circ}C$. Sprouts grown at 15$^{\circ}C$ was longest(5.4cm) and heaviest(738mg/10 sprouts). Chlorophyll content was 333mg per fresh weight 110g. Protein, Fe, vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were respectively 23.7mg, 6.4mg, 1.82mg, 0.49mg, and 10..7mg.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 한국에서 자생하는 양하를 부위(꽃봉오리와 지하경)별로 일반성분, 다량 무기질 함량, 항산화 활성, AChE 저해 활성 및 인지 기능 동물실험을 측정을 통하여 우리나라 고유의 천연 식물자원의 우수성을 규명하고자 하였다. 양하의 꽃봉오리와 지하경의 일반성분을 분석하여 비교해본 결과 양하 꽃봉오리의 수분 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 조단백질 함량은 꽃봉오리, 지하경 순으로 높게 나타났다. 조지방 함량은 차이가 거의 없었고 탄수화물은 지하경에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 꽃봉오리와 지하경의 무기질 함량에서는 지하경이 Ca($62.30{\pm}0.46mg%$), K($656{\pm}1.58mg%$), Na($19.10{\pm}0.52$ mg%), P($70.10{\pm}1.54mg%$)으로 더 높게 나타났다. 항산화 비타민 A, C, E를 분석해 봤을 때 비타민 A는 분석되지 않았으며, 비타민 E의 함량은 지하경이 $0.50{\pm}0.02mg$으로 분석되었다. 비타민 C의 경우, 꽃봉오리에서는 분석되지 않았으나 지하경에서는 $0.70{\pm}0.08mg$이 분석되었다. 양하의 꽃봉오리 열수 추출물, 꽃봉오리 70% 에탄올 추출물과 지하경 열수 추출물, 지하경 70% 에탄올 추출물의 total polyphenol contents를 측정한 결과, 꽃봉오리 추출물이 지하경보다, 열수 추출물이 에탄올 추출물보다 총 페놀성 화합물 함량이 우수하게 나타났다. 농도를 달리하여(62.5, 125, 250 및 $500{\mu}g/mL$) DPPH radical scavenging 활성을 측정한 결과 모든 추출물에서 농도 의존적으로 DPPH radical scavenging 활성이 증가하였고, 가장 좋은 활성을 나타낸 것은 꽃봉오리 열수 추출물로 나타났다. ABTS radical scavenging 역시 모든 추출물에서 농도에 의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 꽃봉오리 열수 추출물에서 가장 우수하게 측정되었다. 양하 꽃봉오리의 열수 추출물과 에탄올 추출물로 아세틸콜린에스터라아제 저해 활성을 특정한 결과, 양성대조군인 tacrine과 비교 시 양하의 꽃봉오리 열수 추출물이 꽃봉오리 에탄올 추출물에 비해 아세틸콜린에스터라아제 저해 활성이 높게 나타났다. 인지 기능 개선효과를 평가하기 위해 scopolamine으로 기억 손상을 유발한 mice에서 물체인식 실험(NORT)과 Y-미로실험(Y-maze)을 이용한 행동시험을 수행한 결과, NORT에서 양하 꽃봉오리의 열수 추출물과 에탄올 추출물이 거의 유사하게 정상군과 비슷한 정도의 높은 효능을 나타내었고, Y-maze test에서도 양하 꽃봉오리의 열수 추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두에서 항치매 약물인 donepezil과 유사한 효능을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 양하 추출물 특히 꽃봉오리 부위를 열수 추출했을 때 항산화 활성, 아세틸콜린에스터라아제 저해 활성, 인지 기능 및 학습능력 증진에 효과적으로 작용하여 천연 치매 예방물질 소재로서 이용가치가 높아 앞으로 양하에 대한 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2007

A tomato zinc-finger protein gene, LeZFP1, encoding the Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor was searched from cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression following induction of the overexpressed tomato transgenic plants showing resistance for pathogen and abiotic stresses. The full-length cDNA of LeZFP1 encoded a protein of 261 amino acid residues. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of LeZFP1 revealed that it shares high sequence identity with pepper CAZFP1 (81% identity). We found that single copy of LeZFP1 gene is present in the tomato genome through southern blot analysis. The LeZFP1 transcripts were constitutively expressed in the tomato mature and young leaves, but were detectable weakly in the flower, stem and root. The LeZFP1 transcripts were significantly reduced in treated leaf tissues with NaCl and mannitol. The LeZFP1 gene was induced by oxidative stress especially. Our results indicated that LeZFP1 may play a role function involved in oxidative stress signaling pathways.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1985년도 워크샵 및 심포지엄 북한산국립공원의 식생
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• pp.73-81
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• 1985

We have previously isolated OsMADS4 gene that is a member of the class B MADS box genes from rice. In this study, another member of the class B MADS box genes was isolated from rice flower by the yeast two-hybrid screening method using OsMADS4 as bait. RNA blot analyses revealed that the clone, OsMADS16, was expressed in the second and third whorls, whereas the OsMADS4 transcripts were present in the second, third, and fourth whorls. These expression patterns of the OsMADS16 and OsMADS4 genes are very similar with those of AP3 and PI, the class B genes of Arabidopsis, respectively. In the yeast two-hybrid system, OsMADS4 interacted only with OsMADS16 among several rice MADS genes investigated, suggesting that OsMADS4 and OsMADS16 function as a heterodimer in specifying sepal and petal identities. We have also isolated OsMADS6 gene using OsMADS1 as a probe. Both are members of the AGL2 MADS family. Various MADS genes that encode for protein-protein interaction partners of the OsMADS6 protein were isolated by the yeast two-hybrid screening method. A majority of these genes belong to the AGL2 family. Sequence Homology, expression pattern, and ectopic expression phenotypes indicated that one of the interaction partners, OsMADS14, appears to be homologous to API, the class A MADS gene of Arabidopsis.