• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 1994

A cold spot temperature control system for the batch annealing furnace has been established in order to reduce energy consumption which is essential to improve productivity and stabilize the properties of products. A relationship between annealing cycle time and gas flow rate is developed and also for the variation of coil cold spot temperature with time during heating, and actual temperature measurements at mid-width of each coil during soaking. The results of the temperature variation effect on the cold rolled steel sheet batch annealing are as follows. (1) Cooling rate increasing gradually with increasing atmospheric gas flow, but heating rate is hardly increasing without atmospheric gas component change. (2) In case of short time heating, the slowest heating part is the center of B coil and in case of ling time heating, the low temperature point moves from the center of coil to inside coil. (3) The outside of top coil is the highest temperature point under heating, which becomes the lowest temperature point under cooling. (4) Soaking time determination depends on the input coil width, and soaking time for quality homogenization of 1214 mm width coil must be 2 hours longer than that of 914 mm width coil.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.905-907
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• 2014

The plasma and microwave surface treatments of carbon nanotubes that loaded on plastic substrates were carried out with expecting a change of carbon nanotube dispersion by increasing treatment time. The microwave treatment process was undergone by commercial microwave oven (800 W). The electrical property was measured by hall measurement and resistance was increased by increasing $O_2$ flow rate of plasma, suggesting an improvement of carbon nanotube dispersion and a possibility of controlling the resistances of carbon nanotubes by plasma surface treatment. The resistance was increased in both polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide substrates by increasing $O_2$ flow rate. Resistance changes only slightly with different $O_2$ flow treatment in measure rho for all polyimide samples. Sheet resistance is lowest in polyimide substrate not due to high carbon nanotube loading but due to tendency to remain in elongated structure. $O_2$ or $N_2$ plasma treatments on both polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide substrates lead to increase in sheet resistance.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2001

The thermal problem of press work is classified into two cases. First, the temperature of forming die passively rises due to the heating effect of plastic deformation. The warm forming is the second case in which the external heating is applied to the die and blank holder. So, the purpose of this study is to provide database for the forming characteristics at various temperature conditions. In this study, the tensile test was carried out for the commercial steel sheets such as SCPI and SCP3C with the thickness of 0.7mm and 1.4mm respectively. The tensile strength, total elongation, Lankford value and the flow curve have been obtained at the temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$, respectively. From the results, we can see that both the tensile strength and total elongation decrease as the temperature increases. In the light of anisotropy, the effect of thickness is dominant than the material specs. For the temperature dependency of flow curves, there are only small differences for the work-hardening exponent, and the strength intensity decreases monotonically as temperature increases. The present results we useful as input data for the analysis of sheet metal forming processes with the various temperature conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.315-328
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• 2020

In this study, we examined various aspects of discretionary accruals. We compared the power of Jones Model (JM), Modified Jones Model (MJM) and Performance Matched Model (PMM). Furthermore, we tested whether accruals derived from cash flow approach or balance sheet approach provide better results and we investigated the significance of country and industry control variables in models. In order to perform these tests, we constructed thirty equations. The data consists of 319 non-financial companies over five years in the GCC region. We used panel data regression models, and testing suggests us to use random effect model as the most suitable one. The results show that PMM has the highest explanatory power among models and it is followed by JM and MJM, consecutively. Secondly, results reveal that accruals derived from cash flow approach provide more accurate results. Moreover, country dummies are significant in models with cash flow approach and they lose significance in balance sheet approach. We differentiated industries due to two different classifications: the first group with higher number of industries is more precise compared to the second group with a narrower scope and lower number of industries. The model including both industrial and country-wise dummies scores highest in significance.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.533-537
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• 1999

ATO(Sb doped $SnO_2$) thin films whose thicknesses were 600, 1100 and $2100\AA$ were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering method. They showed the lowest resistivity at DC sputtering power 0.24kW and had lower resistivity with increasing thickness. The power dependence of resistivity among ATO thin films was also different with thickness. The increase of carrier concentration in ATO thin films was responsible for the decrease of resistivity with thickness increase. ATO thin films which were prepared at 30sccm oxygen flow rate showed a great change of sheet resistance under 1M HCl solution. The investigation of SAM(Scanning Auger Microprobe) revealed that oxygen atomic percentage on the surface of ATO thin films was changed. The decrease of sheet resistance also occurred when ATO thin films, prepared at 30sccm oxygen flow rate, were exposed to air for a long period of time. For this reason, it was considered that the desorption of oxygen on ATO surface was accelerated by HCl.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2001

Thin films of $In_2O_3-SnO_2$(ITO), $SnO_2$, and $SiO_2$ were prepared on the PET substrate by DC magnetron roll sputtering. 135 nm thick ITO film on $SiO_2$/PET substrate has sheet resistance as low as 55 ${\Omega}/square$ and transmittance as high as 85%. $H_2O$gas permeation through the film was 0.35 g/$m^2$ in a day. These properties are enough on optical film for the plastic LCD substrate or touch panel. Both refractive index and sheet resistance of ITO was found to be very sensitive to $O_2$ flow rate. Oxygen flow conditions have been optimized from 4 to 5 SCCM at $10^{-3}$torr. It is also shown that both thickness of $SnO_2$ and refractive index of $SiO_2$ decrease as $O_2$ flow rate increases.

• 물과 미래
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.95-105
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• 1994

수직수문하의 경계층 흐름(boundary layer flow)이 경계고정좌표계(Boundary- Fitted Coordinate System)에서 무작위 소용돌이 판 방법(Random Vortex Sheet Method)과 요소내 소용돌이 방법(Vortex-in-Cell Method)을 이용하여 수치계산되었다. 수치해에 의한 수문을 따라 형성된 경계층이 수축률의 실험자료와 비점성이론에 의한 그 결과의 차이를 유발하는 주원인인 것으로 보여진다. 그 동안 주원인일 것으로 믿어왔던 바닥면 경게층의 역할은 수문면의 그 것보다는 적은 것으로 수치계산되었다. 또한 차원해석을 통하여 경계층 흐름에 의한 수축율의 그 차이가 수문 길이의 평방근에 반비례하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 이는 Benjamin(1956)에 의하여 분석된 것과 결국 동일한 것임이 밝혀졌다. 수치모델과 차원해석에 따른 결과는 Benjamin(1956)에 의해 얻어진 수축률의 실허미와 비교하여 만족할 만하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1995

The compression molding of SMC (sheet molding compund) at room temperature was analyzed based on rigid-viscoplastic approach by three dimensional finite element program. The developed program was tested by solving the three dimensional compression of wedge type specimens of aluminum alloys at various processing conditions. The simulation results were compared well to the experimental results available in the literature. based on this comparison the program was proved to be valid and was further applied in solving compression molding of SMC, which is a thermosetting material reinforced with chopped fiber glass. To investigate the effects of friction conditions and mold closing speeds for compression molding of SMC charge at room temperature, compressions of the cylindrical and rectangular shaped SMC were analyzed for various friction conditions and mold closing speeds. The calculated load values were compared to the experimental results for the compression molding of cylindrical specimen.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1529-1538
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• 1995

In this study, a liquid sheet type co-axial nozzle has been used to investigate the turbulent atomization characteristics which could result in the experimental data to be used in designing a jet nozzle with high performance. Image processing technique and immersion sampling method were employed to measure droplet size. In atomizing characteristics, droplet size distributions and absolute droplet sizes, SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter) have been investigated in the wide ranges of flow field depending upon the air-water mass ratios. And the comparisons between the present data and the semi-empirical curves have been conducted semi-empirical correlation for SMD has been derived in the present analysis.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.604-609
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• 2001

In the sheet metal forming process, the drawbead is used to control the flow of material during the forming process. The drawbead provides proper restraining force to the material and prevents defects such as wrinkling or breakage. For these reasons, many studies for designing the effective drawbead have been conducted. For the analysis, the numerical method called the static-explicit finite element method was used. The finite element analysis code for this method has been developed and applied to the drawbead process problems. In result, convergence problem and computation time due to large non-linearity in the existing numerical analysis methods were no longer a critical problem. Futhermore, this approach could treat the contact friction problem easily by applying very small time intervals. It is expected that various results from the numerical analysis will give very useful information for the design of tools in sheet metal forming process.