• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제12권2호통권28호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1998

In this study turbine flowmeters were used to predict volumetric flow rate of each phase in two-phase, gas-liquid, flowing in a vertical tube. To determine volumetric flow rates of two-phase, air-water, flowing vertically upward through the polycarbonate tube(57mm ID-inside diameter), two turbine flow meters were used. For void fraction measurements, two gamma densitometers were used at each location of the turbine flow meter, one at the upstream and the other at the downstream. It was determined that the turbine flowmeter's outputs were a function of actual volumetric flow rate of each of the two phases. A two-phase flow model was developed.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2002

In this paper, the cause of the discrepancy of the inlet and outlet flow of the lubricating oil feed pump was analyzed by the flow measurement and the analysis of the flow network. At first, we thought that the flow difference was induced by a leak in the middle of the flow network. But, through the flow measurement using ultrasonic flow meter and the performance analysis of the pump, we knew that the cause of the flow difference was due to a drop in efficiency of the pump according to the pressure drop of the outlet. Also, we knew that the shape of the piping had no effect on the efficiency of the pump.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.66-75
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• 1999

Many researchers have developed the measurement technique of in-cylinder flow. Recently, there are lots of studies on steady flow with different SCV geometries. In this study the flow characteristics of four-valve cylinder head were examined in a steady test rig for different SCV open ratios. Each swirl ratio of several SCV angle was quantified by swirl impulse meter and 2D-LDV measurement. The results showed that the swirl ratio was controlled between 2.3 and 3.8 based on SCV angles. The velocity distributions of in-cylinder flow field were measured by 2-D LDV test and visualized swirl and tumble flow pattern at different positions. In this engine , we found out that the swirl was dominant flow.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2008

The objective of the research is to design, manufacture and test a Mass Flow Controller(MFC) capable of measuring compressible fluid flows based on a "bucket and stop-watch"method. The basic principle is the measurement of time, where the time taken to fill and empty a bucket of known volume is measured. This method of flow measurement is a new concept when compared to a commercilized current mass flow controller. For the flow meter to be able to compete with established designs it not only must be comparable in cost and robustness, it must be very accurate and reliable as well. This device should be able to handle fluid flows in the range of 0.1ml/min to 10ml/min within an accuracy of ${\pm}$1%. A possible application for a device such as this is in electronics industry where arsenic gas is used in the production of silicon chips.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.188-196
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• 1997

Many researchers have developed the measurement technique of in-cylinder flow characteristics and found the effect of intake port geometries on engine performance. The flow characteristics of four-valve cylinder head were examined in a steady flow rig for different intake ports. Tumble intensity of intake configurations with different entry angles were quantified with a tumble meter. The velocity and angular momentum distributions in the tumble adaptor were measured under steady conditions with PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry). We have obtained the results that flow structure becomes complicated by valve interference at low valve lift. As the valve interferences were reducing and the flow pattern changed to large vortex structure with tumble direction, intake ports with different entry angles have different tumble centers. Tumble eccentricity of intake port with low entry angle was large, so that the port had relatively much angular momentum compared to others which was expected to improve combustion performance.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1398-1406
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• 2004

The nonlinear signals from an impedance meter for the area average void fraction in two-phase flow have been analyzed to construct a phase space trajectory. The pseudo phase space was constructed with the time delay and proper dimensions. The time delay and the embedding dimension were chosen by the average mutual information and by the false nearest neighborhood, respectively. The attractor-density-map of projected states was used to produce the two dimensional probability distribution functions (2D-PDF). Since the developed 2D-PDF showed clear distinction of the flow patterns, the flow regime identification was made with three rules and with the 2D-PDF. Also, the transition criteria of Mishima-Ishii agree well with the present results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.248-259
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• 2001

연구배경 : 소아 기관지 천식 환자들의 진단이나 기도폐쇄 정도를 알기 위하여도 통상적으로 노력성 호기곡선이나 최대 호기류량곡선을 이용한 환기기능검사가 기본검사로 널리 사용된다. 그러나 호흡곤란이 있는 소아에서는 이러한 검사를 적절히 시행하는 것이 어려운 경우가 많다. 따라서 자가 치료를 하는 환자들의 경과관찰이나 응급실을 방문한 환자들은 검사가 비교적 용이하기 때문에 최고호기유링계로 최고호기유량(PEF)을 많이 측정한다. PEF는 절대값이나 증상이 없을 때의 최대치 혹은 추정정상치에 대한 백분율로 표시하는데 현재까지 국내에서 소아를 대상으로 최고호기유량계로 측정한 PEF에 관한 보고는 아직까지 없었다. 이에 건강한 소아에서 PEF의 추정정상치를 산출하고 이 값이 $FEV_1$을 비롯한 다른 환기기능검사를 어느 정도 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 지를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 호흡기 증상이나 기왕 병력이 없는 5세에서 16세 사이의 건강한 소아(남자 196명, 여자 152명)을 대상으로 mini-Wright 최대호기유량계(Clement Clarke International Ltd. England)를 이용하여 3회 이상 PEF를 측정하였다. 아울러 Microspiro HI-501 휴대용 폐활량측정계(Chest Co., Japan)로 노력성호기곡선, 최대호기류량곡선을 측정 분석하여 $FEV_1$, FVC, $FEV_1$/FVC, $FEF_{25-75%}$, $FEF_{25%}$, $FEF_{50%}$, $FEF_{75%}$와 $FEF_{max}$를 구하여 각각의 추정정상치를 나이와 신자율 변수로 히여 구하였다. 또한 PEF를 변수로 $FEV_1$ 및 $FEF_{max}$를 구하는 회귀방정식을 구하였다. 결 과 : 1. PEF(L/min)를 나이와 신장을 변수로 하여 구한 회귀방정식은 다음과 같다. 남자는 $12.6{\times}$age(year)+$3.4{\times}$height(cm)-263($R^2=0.85$), 여자는 $6{\times}$age(year)+$3.9{\times}$height(cm)-293($R^2=0.82$)이었다. 신장만을 변수로 하여 구한 회귀방정식은 남자는 $6.6{\times}$height(cm)-415($R^2=0.84$), 여자는 $5.1{\times}$height(cm)-382($R^2=0.82$)였다. 2. 최대호기류량곡선에서 산출한 $FEF_{max}$를 같은 단위로 환산하여 비교한 결과 PEF보다 평균 남자에서는 125(L/min), 여자에서는 118(L/min) 적였다. 3. PEF을 변수로 예측할 수 있는 $FEV_1$(m1) 값은 남자에서 $7.02{\times}$PEF(L/min)-550($R^2=0.82$), 여자에서는 $5.83{\times}$PEF(L/min)-146($R^2=0.81$)이었다. 결 론 : 건강한 소아 346명(남자 194명, 여자 152명)을 대상으로 최고호기유량계로 측정한 PEF의 추정정상치를 연령과 선장을 변수로 하여 구하였다. 여기서 측정한 PEF로 $FEV_1$ 및 $FEF_{max}$를 예측할 수 있는 수식을 구하였다. 그리고 측정기계 및 방법에 따라서 PEF값이 달라짐을 확인하였는데 이런 점을 유의한다변 PEF의 측정은 향후 환기기능 장애를 환자 진료에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.863-870
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 디지털 수도계량기(smart water meter) 연계형 상수도 원격검침시스템(automatic meter reading)의 국외 시장동향 및 원격검침시스템의 각 구성 요소기술의 개발현황과 현장적용 사례 등을 조사 분석하였다. 국외의 디지털 수도계량기 제조업체는 주로 미국 또는 유럽업체들로서 최근에는 북미뿐만 아니라 아시아 및 유럽에서도 원격검침시스템 사업을 확장하고 있다. 대부분의 디지털 수도계량기 제조업체는 원격검침용 디지털 수도 계량기에서 측정된 데이터를 활용하여 실시간 소비량 검침 및 비용 고지, 절수, 누수탐지, 수질 모니터링, 유량제어 등의 기능이 부가된 통합관리시스템(integrated water management system)과 연계하여 운영하고 있다. 데이터 전송방식은 디지털 수도계량기, 센서를 통해 검출된 데이터를 근거리 통신망(neighborhood area network)을 통해 수집기(data concentration unit)로 전송 후 광역 통신망(wide area network)을 통해 검침서버로 전송하였으며, 데이터 전송방식은 도시 규모, 계량기의 밀도, 전력공급 여부 및 통신망의 설치 여부 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 결정되었다. 일반적인 검침방식은 (1) 고정망(fixed network)을 통한 중앙 검침, (2) 차량(drive by)을 이용한 검침, (3) 사람(walk by)에 의한 검침, 그리고 (4) 비행식(fly by) 검침방식 등이 적용되었다. 전 세계적으로 디지털 수도계량기 연계형 원격검침시스템이 확산되어 용수 및 에너지를 절감하고 수도 요금을 절약하여 온실가스의 배출을 최소화하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2001년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.413-418
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• 2001

Emergency shut-on valve was developed to shut off natural gas at the front of a gas meter in the house. The shut-off flow rate and differential pressure of this valve was controlled by adjusting the distance between the spool and magnet. Also the spool shape was an important factor in the performance of this valve. The experimental and computational results will be useful for the design having better performance.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2002년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.346-353
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• 2002

The steam generator feedwater flow rate in a nuclear power plant was estimated by means of artificial neural networks with the wavelet analysis for enhanced information extraction. The fouling of venturi meters, used for steam generator feedwater flow rate in pressurized water reactors, may result in unnecessary plant power derating. The backpropagation network was used to generate models of signals for a pressurized water reactor. Multiple-input single-output heteroassociative networks were used for evaluating the feedwater flow rate as a function of a set of related variables. The wavelet was used as a low pass filter eliminating the noise from the raw signals. The results have shown that possible fouling of venturi can be detected by neural networks, and the feedwater flow rate can be predicted as an alternative to existing methods. The research has also indicated that the decomposition of signals by wavelet transform is a powerful approach to signal analysis for denoising.