• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2013

The cause of flow mark defect is known as non-uniform temperature of mold surface when the flow front meets the cold cavity. The exact definition and classification of Flow mark is not clear because the mechanism of flow mark is not figured out till now. Any injection molding analysis software can not predict the flow mark phenomena. To solve weldline and flow mark defects, the gate thickness is reduced to increase the melt front velocity and the melt front velocity of the flow mark area is increased from 82.3mm/s to 104.7mm/s. In addition, the bulk temperature of the flow mark area is increased from $178.3^{\circ}C$to $215.2^{\circ}C$ by adding a cold slug well. The flow mark phenomena can be greatly reduced by increasing the flow front velocity and elevating the bulk temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.320-325
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• 2015

Flow mark is a sort of surface defect on the composite that can arise during the filling stage of the injection molding process. The purpose of this study is to clarify a mechanism of the flow mark which appears on the surface of injection molded Polypropylene (PP) through the characterization of the surface structure. The materials used in this report are PP/rubber and PP/talc compounding, which are widely used in automobile part. The flow mark shows two different constitutions, such as a luster part and a cloud part on the surface of the injection molded PP. We have investigated the surface structure of PP/rubber and PP/talc composites by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and optical microscopy (OM). As a result, the cloud part contains higher contents of the rubber and talc compare to the luster part.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

The sink mark on boss parts is generated by the volumetric shrinkage that is caused by both the molding thickness and the boss wall thickness. The volumetric shrinkage is caused by packing pressure and its amount tends to decrease by increasing the packing pressure. The packing pressure can therefore increase the flow rate to a boss part and causes the depth of sink mark to increase. As the molding thickness and the boss wall thickness in the boss part can increase the part volume, these may yield bad solidifying and also extend the molding cycle. In this paper, both the injection molding test and the flow analysis were carried out to investigate the effect of sink mark that was generated in the boss wall thickness of injection molded products. The sink mark could also be caused by thickness ratio of boss part. For a given thickness ratio of boss, several molding process parameters such as packing pressure, packing time and melt temperature, affecting to generation of the sink mark were discussed.

• 한국금형공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.103-109
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• 2008

The sink mark on boss parts is generated by the volumetric shrinkage that is caused by both the molding thickness and the boss wall thickness. The volumetric shrinkage is caused by packing pressure and its amount tends to decrease by increasing the packing pressure. The packing pressure can therefore increase the flow rate to a boss part and causes the depth of sink mark to increase. As the molding thickness and the boss wall thickness in the boss part can increase the part volume, these may yield bad solidifying and also extend the molding cycle. In this paper, both the injection molding test and the flow analysis were carried out to investigate the effect of sink mark that was generated in the boss wall thickness of injection molded products. The sink mark could also be caused by thickness ratio of boss part. For a given thickness ratio of boss, several molding process parameters such as packing pressure, packing time and melt temperature, affecting to generation of the sink mark were discussed

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.952-957
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• 2003

We propose how to translate relay circuits to the EMFGs(Extended Mark Flow Graphs) formally and analyze the original one by using the mark flow of it. Firstly, the concepts of the output condition, the output-on condition and the output-off condition are introduced in the relay circuits. These can be used to find the structure and the operation of respective relay outputs but the sequential operations of them cannot be obtained from these. Secondly, a relay circuit is translated to the corresponding EMFG as the all output-on conditions and all output-off conditions of it are translated to EMFGs. For the adequate translation, the condition arc and the concepts of the generation transition and the degeneration transition are introduced, and the duality for the simplification of the result. Thirdly, we analyze the operation of the original circuit by analyzing the mark flow of the resulting EMFG. We can achieve easy and fast analysis based on the EMFG's operation algorithm. Finally, we apply these to the relay circuit for an electric furnace and analyze its operation with the mark flow of the resulting EMFG. The formal translation from relay circuits to EMFGs makes the analysis easy so that these results can be used to design, modelling, the fault detection and the maintenance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.201-206
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• 2003

Plastic injection mould have two kinds of trouble, one is in mould another in injection parts. Most of defects of the former take the cause in a design like in structure and working, the later weld line, transforming, sink mark, burning, flow mark, scratching, shading, black hole and so on. Most of problems of the later is difficult for making a clear definitely the reason of defects because of complexible. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of plastic injection mould and parts with inquiring the counter plan and rouble of the part of Flat TV Front Cover by flow control method and gas- assisted injection moulding. For minimizing defects from injection moulding parts, this paper was investigated with using computer aided injection mold filling simulations. Based on these numerical results, I established guidelines mould design and injection processing condition. As a results I got the improve of quality, minimizing surface defects moulded parts and troubles in mould.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.738-743
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• 2003

The major problems of a plastic injection mould can be devided into two kinds, one is in mould another in injected parts. Most of defects of the former comes from mould design, such as, structure and working. The latter are weld line, warpage, sink mark, burning, flow mark, scratching, shading, black hole and so on. Most of problems in injection molding are difficult to find the reason because of complexity. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of plastic injection mould and parts with inquiring the counter plan and analizing troubles of the part of Flat TV Front Cover by flow control method and gas-assisted injection moulding. For minimizing defects of the injection moulded parts, computer aided simulation method for injection mould filling was used. Based on these numerical results, the guidelines of mould design and injection processing condition were established. As a result, the improvement of quality, such as minimizing surface defects of injection moulding parts and troubles in mould was achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

The wavelike flow mark phenomenon is one of the surface defects that can arise during the injection stage of the injection molding process. We have performed a numerical analysis using a finite element method for the injection molding to verify the validity of 'Go-over' hypothesis. Also, we have compared the results of numerical analysis with available experimental data. Numerical analysis results of the flow marks are qualitatively in good agreement with experimental data of reference, but are quantitatively deviated from experimental data in a consistent manner. A parametric study has been performed to examine the correlative effects of various injection molding processing parameters and material properties on the flow mark size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.474-480
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• 2003

The wavelike flow mark phenomenon is one of the surface defects that can arise during the injection stage of the injection molding process. We have performed a numerical analysis using a finite element method for the injection molding to verify the validity of “Go-over” hypothesis. Also, we have compared the results of numerical analysis with available experimental data. Numerical analysis results of the flow marks are qualitatively in good agreement with experimental data of reference, but are quantitatively deviated from experimental data in a consistent manner. A parametric study has been performed to examine the correlative effects of various injection molding processing parameters and material properties on the flow mark size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.692-695
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• 2001

The EMFG(Extended Mark Flow Graph) is not only a powerful tool to. designing the discrete-event system conceptually or specifically but also a good representation tool for implementing the system directly. We present a transitions-firing process and automatic changes of the number of marks in each box as a firing determination algorithm with the incident matrix and the state transition equation. The convenient analysis and design of a system as well as Computer Aided Design is possible because the operations of an EMFG ran be represented in the mathematical analysis with ease.