• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2012

In this paper, the trade-off related to bandwidth of high-speed common-mode logic frequency divider is analyzed in detail. A method to optimize the operating frequency, band-width as well as power consumption is proposed. This method is based on bipolar device characteristics, whereby a negative resistance model can be used to estimate the optimal normalized upper frequency and lower frequency of frequency dividers under different conditions, which is conventionally ignored in literatures. This method provides a simple but efficient procedure in designing high performance frequency dividers for different applications. To verify the proposed method, a static divide-by-2 at millimeter wave ranges is implemented in 180 nm SiGe technology. Measurement results of the divider demonstrate significant improvement in the figure of merit as compared with literatures.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

The package loading process of the lumbering industry is an operation that after a pair of workers bind three or six lumbers into one unit and cut both ends of the lumbers, transports the weight cargo of 30-50kg by one meter, pack and load at a height of 1.2 meters. This package loading process causes lots of noise and wood dust when workers carry out the heavy work as the above. Therefore we developed the monolithic both ends cutting package loading equipment in order to prevent from getting musculoskeletal disease. An loading bar working system of this equipment is improved from pneumatic pressure system to oil pressure system, furnished the newly designed flow dividers, and developed the new system that a both end array is loaded identically. Also we developed the safety equipment of loading bar in order to prevent workers mistake and overload from malfunction during the package loading process. The main cause of job evasion on working place could be solved by preventing the musculoskeletal disease and improving the working environments.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.135-147
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• 2008

The package loading process of the lumbering industry is an operation that after a pair of workers bind three or six lumbers into one unit and cut both ends of the lumbers, transports the weight cargo of 30-50kg by one meter, pack and load at a height of 1.2 meters. This package loading process causes lots of noise and wood dust when workers carry out the heavy work as the above. Therefore we developed the monolithic both ends cutting package loading equipment in order to prevent from getting musculoskeletal disease. An loading bar working system of this equipment is improved from pneumatic pressure system to oil pressure system, furnished the newly designed flow dividers, and developed the new system that a both end array is loaded identically. Also we developed the safety equipment of loading bar in order to prevent workers mistake and overload from malfunction during the package loading process. The main cause of job evasion on working place could be solved by preventing the musculoskeletal disease and improving the working environments.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.408-417
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• 2016

Purpose: Yield monitoring systems are an essential component of precision agriculture. They indicate the spatial variability of crop yield in fields, and have become an important factor in modern harvesters. The objective of this paper was to review research trends related to yield monitoring sensors for grain crops. Methods: The literature was reviewed for research on the major sensing components of grain yield monitoring systems. These major components included grain flow sensors, moisture content sensors, and cutting width sensors. Sensors were classified by sensing principle and type, and their performance was also reviewed. Results: The main targeted harvesting grain crops were rice, wheat, corn, barley, and grain sorghum. Grain flow sensors were classified into mass flow and volume flow methods. Mass flow sensors were mounted primarily at the clean grain elevator head or under the grain tank, and volume flow sensors were mounted at the head or in the middle of the elevator. Mass flow methods used weighing, force impact, and radiometric approaches, some of which resulted in measurement error levels lower than 5% ($R^2=0.99$). Volume flow methods included paddle wheel type and optical type, and in the best cases produced error levels lower than 3%. Grain moisture content sensing was in many cases achieved using capacitive modules. In some cases, errors were lower than 1%. Cutting width was measured by ultrasonic distance sensors mounted at both sides of the header dividers, and the errors were in some cases lower than 5%. Conclusions: The design and fabrication of an integrated yield monitoring system for a target crop would be affected by the selection of a sensing approach, as well as the layout and mounting of the sensors. For accurate estimation of yield, signal processing and correction measures should be also implemented.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권12C호
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• pp.1288-1298
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• 2002

타원곡선 암호시스템을 GF(2$^{m}$ )상에서 고속으로 구현하기 위해서는 빠른 나눗셈기가 필요하다. 빠른 나눗셈 연산을 위해선 비트-패러럴 구조가 적합하나 타원곡선 암호시스템이 충분한 안전도를 가지기 위해서는 m의 크기가 최소한 163보다 커야 한다. 즉 비트-패러럴 구조는 0(m$^2$)의 면적 복잡도를 가지기 때문에 이러한 응용에는 적합하지 않다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 CF(2$^{m}$ )상에서 표준기저 표기법을 사용하여 모듈러 나눗셈 A(x)/B(x) mod G(x)를 고속으로 수행하는 새로운 비트-시리얼 시스톨릭 나눗셈기를 제안한다. 효율적인 나눗셈기 구조를 얻기 위해, 새로운 바이너리 최대공약수(GCD) 알고리즘을 유도하고, 이로부터 자료의존 그래프를 얻은 후, 비트-시리얼 시스톨릭 나눗셈기를 설계한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 나눗셈기는 0(m)의 시간 및 면적 복잡도를 가지며, 연속된 입력 데이터에 대하여, 초기 5m-2 사이클의 지연 후, m 사이클 마다 나눗셈의 결과를 출력한다. 제안된 나눗셈기를 동일한 입출력 구조를 가지는 기존의 연구 결과들과 비교 분석한 결과 칩 면적 및 계산 지연시간 모두에 있어 상당한 개선을 보인다. 따라서 제안된 나눗셈기는 적은 하드웨어를 사용하면서 고속으로 나눗셈 연산을 수행할 수 있기 때문에 타원곡선 암호화시스템의 나눗셈 연산기로 매우 적합하다. 또한 제안한 구조는 기약 다항식(irreducible polynomial) 선택에 있어 어떤 제약도 두지 않고, 단 방향의 신호흐름을 가지면서, 매우 규칙적이기 때문에 필드 크기 m에 대해 높은 유연성 및 확장성을 제공한다.였다. an extraction system, a new optical nonlinear joint transform correlator(NJTC) is introduced to extract the hidden data from a stego image in real-time, in which optical correlation between the stego image and each of the stego keys is performed and from these correlation outputs the hidden data can be asily exacted in real-time. Especially, it is found that the SNRs of the correlation outputs in the proposed optical NJTC-based extraction system has been improved to 7㏈ on average by comparison with those of the conventional JTC system under the condition of having a nonlinear parameter less than k=0.4. This good experimental results might suggest a possibility of implementation of an opto-digital multiple information hiding and real-time extracting system. 촉각에 있는 지각신경세포가 뇌의 촉각엽으로 뻗어 들어가 위의 5가지 신경연접중 어느 형을 형성하는지를 관찰하기 위하여 좌측 촉각의