• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2013

This research was carried out for revealing the co-relationships between insect-pollinators and the plant species of Labiatae and Umbelliferae, insects visiting in flower and the flowers in Korea, were studied from April 2010 to August 2012. The sum of flower visiting degrees in Labiatae are shown 21 in Hymenoptera, 16 in Lepidoptera, and the lowest 1 in Diptera and Coleoptera, respectively. The sum of flower visiting degrees in Umbelliferae are shown 27 in Diptera, 24 in Hymenoptera, 21 in Coleoptera, and 13 in Lepidoptera, respectively. 17 pollinator species visited the flower of Angelica gigas, next 15 pollinator species did the flower of Agastache rugosa, 13 pollinator species did the flower of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina. 13 pollinator species foraged on the flower of Peucedanum terebinthaceum. and then 11 pollinator species on the flower of Angelica dahurica. Only 1 pollinator species visited the flower of Clinopodium chinense var. grandiflora and Isodon excisus. Pollinators of Coleoptera and Diptera visit more frequently to the flowers of Umbelliferae than those of Labiatae. Pollinators of Lepidoptera and Diptera visit more frequently white flower than purple one. This study found out that mutualistic relations between plants and insect pollinators in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2008

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Podosan of Yeongyang, Gyeongbuk (748m, N $36^{\circ}$ $31^{\prime}$ $79.1^{\prime\prime}$$\sim$$36^{\circ}$ $30^{\prime}$ $16.8^{\prime\prime}$$\sim$, E $129^{\circ}$ $12^{\prime}$ $43.8^{\prime\prime}$$\sim$$129^{\circ}$ $14^{\prime}$ $07.1^{\prime\prime}$). The vascular plants collected 5 times (from May to September 2007) were consisted of total 437 taxa; 88 famailies, 267 genera, 384 species, 4 subspecies, 43 varieties and 6 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and usefulness unknown plants were 211 taxa, 229 taxa, 85 taxa, 71 taxa, 105 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 9 taxa, and the special plants species based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 13 taxa in grade III category, 4 taxa in grade IV category. The naturalized plants were 17 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was 3.9%, and urban index 6.3%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.270-280
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• 2008

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Gongdeoksan of Mungyeong, Gyeongbuk (913m, N $36^{\circ}$ $46^{\prime}$ $37.5^{\prime\prime}$${\sim}$$36^{\circ}$ $43^{\prime}$ $61.0^{\prime\prime}$, $E128^{\circ}$ $15^{\prime}$ $00.3^{\prime\prime}$${\sim}$$128^{\circ}$ $17^{\prime}$ $57.9^{\prime\prime}$). The vascular plants collected 5 times (from May to September 2007) were consisted of total 429 taxa; 86 famailies, 279 genera, 374 species, 4 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and usefulness unknown plants were 233 taxa, 297 taxa, 113 taxa, 111 taxa, 43 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 5 taxa, and Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 1 taxa, and the special plants species based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 5 taxa in grade III category, 1 taxa in grade IV and grade V category. The naturalized plants were 15 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was 3.5%, and urban index 5.5%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.99-114
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• 2010

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness at Gallasan of Andong-si in Gyeongbuk (596.2 m, N $36^{\circ}29'396"{\sim}36^{\circ}29'356"$, E $128^{\circ}43'841"{\sim}128^{\circ}45'799"$). The vascular plants collected 13 times (April 2006 to August 2009) were consisted of total 424 taxa; 92 families, 273 genera, 365 species, 2 subspecies, 47 varieties and 10 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and unknown of usefulness plants were 239 taxa, 291 taxa, 109 taxa, 135 taxa, 24 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 9 taxa, and Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa, and the special plants species based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 7 taxa in grade III category, 1 taxa in grade IV category, 5 taxa in grade V category, rare plants were 1 taxon in critically endangered (CR), 3 taxa endangered species (EN), 2 taxa vulnerable (VU), the naturalized plants were 23 taxa.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-98
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• 2010

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness at Bakjisan of Pyeongchang in Gangwon (1,394m, $36^{\circ}35'068"{\sim}36^{\circ}34'713"N$, $128^{\circ}36'245"{\sim}128^{\circ}36'252"E$). The vascular plants collected 7 times (from April to October 2008) were consisted of total 502 taxa; 95 families, 304 genera, 439 species, 4 subspecies, 53 varieties and 6 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and unknown of usefulness plants were 248 taxa, 263 taxa, 98 taxa, 138 taxa, 98 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 13 taxa, and Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa, and the special plants species based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 22 taxa in grade III category, 13 taxa in grade IV category, 6 taxa in grade V category, rare plants were 2 taxa in critically endangered (CR), 4 taxa endangered species (EN), 7 taxa vulnerable (VU), the naturalized plants were 18 taxa.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1994

This study was carried out to observe the changes in $gibberellin(GA_3)$, indol-3 acetatic acid(IAA) and abscisic acid(ABA) contents known as plant growth regulators in the leaves of Angelica gigas and to get the basic information for the establishment of cultural practice for the inhibition of floral induction. Changes in $GA_3$, IAA and ABA contents were investgated at different growth stage in the young flag leaves of two year old plants.The contents of $GA_3$ showed the highest value by 4. 87mg /kg at early flowering stage, and those were gradually increased from vegetative stage to early flowering stage, but greatly decreased from early flowering stage to fruiting stage. The contents of IAA were also the highest by 2. 27mg /kg at early flowering stage. The contents of ABA were gradually increased along with the development of growth stage. In the fruiting stage those were the highest value by 0.37mg /kg and in early flowering stage the contents were decreased temporarily.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the dye leakage of MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) apical plug produced by two orthograde placement techniques (hand condensation technique and ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique). To simulate straight canal, 60 transparent acrylic blocks with straight canal were fabricated. These transparent acrylic blocks were divided into 2 groups (Group C; hand condensation technique (HC) and Group U; ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique (UAHC)) of 30 blocks with each MTA application method. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n=15) with different canal size of #70 (subgroup C70 and subgroup U70) and #120 (subgroup C120 and subgroup U120). After apical plug was created, a wet paper point was placed over the MTA plug and specimen was kept in a humid condition at room temperature to allow MTA to set. After 24 hours, remaining canal space was backfilled using Obtura II. All specimens were transferred to floral form socked by 0.2% rhodamine B solution and stored in 100% humidity at room temperature. After 48 hours, resin block specimens were washed and scanned using a scanner. The maximum length of micro leakage was measured from the scanned images of four surfaces of each resin block using Photoshop 6.0. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test. Group U of UAHC had significantly lower leakage than Group C of HC in #70-size canal (subgroup U70) (p<0.05).

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics and utilization of pruned kiwifruit branches as wreath materials. Amount of pruned branches produced from one 11~15 year-old kiwi plant cv. 'Hayward' can be used for one wreath with 76cm in diameter. Making a wreath with 76cm in diameter with the pruned kiwifruit branches required 75 branches with 31~40cm length. And the cost to make a wreath with 76cm in diameter for the Keaki and the paper bush were cheeper than those of winged spindle tree and Korean dogwood. Floral designers evaluated that the glossy, the delicacy and the unique form of cut branches, and their various hue were lower than that of the commonly-used cut branches, however, the beauty of curved line, the characteristics after drying, and the utilization and prospect of pruned kiwi branches were higher by 'over good' than that of the commonly-used branches. Consequently, it was assumed that the utilization of pruned kiwifruit branches can be contributed to the improvement of side income for a farm household, and the diversity wreath materials.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the flora and vegetation in wetland of Mueuido. The forest vegetation was classified into 2 communities group (Utricularia bifida-Eriocaulon sikokianum and Alnus japonica) and 6 communities (Rhynchospora chinensis, Phragmites communis, Molinia japonica, Ischaemum crassipes, Quercus serrata and Pinus rigida-Miscanthus sinesis). Resources vascular plants were composed of 30 families, 53 genera, 50 species and 8 varieties, totaling 58 taxa. Among the investigated resources plants, Utricularia bifida and Utricularia racemosa were rare and endangered species. The special plants based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 5 taxa; V rank species 2 taxa, II rank species 1 taxa and I rank species 2 taxa. A naturalized plants was 1 species of totaling 290 species appeared in South Korea. The Life-form were Hydatophytes (20.7%), Geophyte (19%), Microphanerophytes (19%), Hemicryptophytes (17.2%), Nanophanerophytes (17.2%), Chamaephytes (5.2%), Therophytes (1.7%). In marsh-type wetland of Mueuido, we predict that bog-type swamp, where various type of swamp plants are distributed, is starting to be formed based on the fact that Utricularia bifida and Utricularia racemosa, insectivorous plants, are dominant and sphagnum also is found. Along with the notion, there are reportedly found serious damages around wetland by human being and we have to prepare protection plans against it.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2021

Pollinators are not only crucial for plant reproduction, but also important for crop production. These pollinators are affected by the diversity of plants within orchards. Thus, the study investigated the effect of blooming on the ground cover on pollinator diversity, network, fruiting rates and subsequent apple size during harvest season in apple blooming period. Total ten orchards were selected; Five with ground covered mostly by dandelion while the another five without ground cover. The orchards with dandelion bloom showed 16 pollinator groups and 801 pollination network interaction, while 14 pollinator groups and 589 interaction were found from orchards without ground cover blooms. es. Overall pollinators' abundances were not different. But bumble bees and caliphorid flies were more abundant in orchards with ground cover blooming. There was no significant in fruiting rates, but the apple size was significantly bigger in orchards with ground cover. These results may indicate that blooming on the ground cover during apple flowering season would increase pollinator diversity and influence fruit quality later on in apple orchards, and pose importance of floral diversity for sustainable apple production system.