• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.192-195
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• 2008

This study was conducted to find out some important agronomic characteristics and qualities in response to different transplanting dates in Alisma plantago at southern parts of Korea. Yield components such as number of floral axis per plant, plant height and number of leaves were highest at the transplanting date of Aug. 15 and Aug. 25. Plants sown at Aug. 15 and Aug. 25 also showed highest yield. Considering from our results, optimum transplanting date were semed to be transplanting date of Aug. 15 and Aug. 25.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 1960

HARN, Chang Yawl (Chonnam U. Kwangju, Korea): Siudies on the dimorpism of the Perisicaria senticosa Nakai-Kor. jour. Bot. 3(1) 16-25 During his researches regarding the morphological and physiological properties of Polygonecenae, the author has found that the species, Persicaria senticosa, aiso, besides the heterostylous plants of Polygonum family, Fagopyrum esculentum, and Persicaria japonica which was recently verified by the author as dimorphic, shows the typical floral structure of heterostylism, the description of which is not found in taxonomical works. Further research on this species have revealed that this plant, despite pressessing characteristic structural dimorphism, does not exhibit even the slight signs of heterostlylous properties physiologically. This is a deviation from the usual behavior of normal heterostylous plants. What is interesting is the fact that the physiological behavior of this species is quite contrary to that of P. japonica which is considered to be the most highly specialized dimorphic plant. Thus it is assurred that if some species of this family had taken a heterostylic form in its course of development from autogamy to allogamy, P. seoticosa would be the least differentiated type of dimorphic forms among the three heterostylous plants, including buckwheat, of this family. The results obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows: 1) P. senticosa has two forms of flower, one, long style-short stamened; the other, short style-long stamened. Not only conspicuous is this primary difference, but the secondary difference, such as pollen grain size, is noticeable between long and short styled individuals, thus expressing structurally the definite trait of a dimorphic plant. 2) Structural alteration of floral parts towards dimorphism has preceeded far less in comparison with those of the P. japonica and F. esculentum. 3) Elaborate studies on fertility reveal that this species does not show the slightest sign of the physiological characteristics of dimorphic plants. In other words, regardless of the modes of combinations, legitimate and illegitimate, fertilization and fruit setting flourish unimpaired. 4) Growth of pollen tubes apparently parallels the results in the fertility, tubes reaching ovary approximately 30 minutes after pollination both in legitimate and illegitimate combinations. Pollen tube penetration appears to be comparatively rapid. 5) A slight difference in the growth of pollen tube seems to exist between legitimate and illegitimate combinations, legitimate union giving slightly faster tube penetration. 6) In the present experiment it was clarified that P. senticosa, known to possess one form of flower in taxonomy, is in reality dimorphic plant having two of flowers. Although this species is definitely heterostylous in floral structure, physiological evidence and pollen tube behavior show that the differentiation of this plant toward the dimorphism has apparently proceeded slightly except for some parts of floral organ. In ordinary heterostylous plants it is a matter of common occurrence that when illegitimately cmbined, there is poor or no fertility, Contrary to the universal property of heterostylous plants, no difference is observed in the fertility and pollen tube growth between the legitimate and illegitimate combinations in the case of P. senticosa. Compared to the P. japonica and F. esculentum, which are supposed to have undergone high degree of dimorphic differentiation, it is an unavoidable conclusion that P. senticosa has not yet developed as a heterostyle plant except for some of its floral parts. If P. japonica is assumed to be the most differentiated type of hetenostylous plant, thenthe P. senticosa would be regarded as the primitive, retaining still the self-fertile nature so common to the Polygonum genus. In nature, however, this plant has a better chance to be pollinated legitimately owing to the two forms of flowers than to be pollinated illegitimately. The author is indebted to Dong Chul, Kim as well as other members of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics of Chonnam National University for their efforts out the laborious experiments during the course of the present studies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 1993

In order to clarify the contents of active principles in floral inhibition cultured Angelica gigas roots, the amounts of crude extract and the contents of decursin and decursinol angelate in the yearly roots were analyzed and compared with respect to the root age, root part and growth stage. The woody cell, weight and width of pith and cortex were also investigated at different growth stage to observe the developmental characteristics of lignification in the roots as bolting and flowering in normal cultured Angelica gigas. The amount of crude extracts did not differ with plant ages, whereas the contents of decursin and decursinol angelate were differed and the highest in 3 year old roots. The contents of decursin in 1, 2 and 3 year old roots were 3.71, 4.76 and 8.20% and those of decursinol angel ate were 2.84, 3.40 and 5.01%, respectively. The amount of crude extracts, and the contents of decursin and decursinol angelate were the highest in fine roots, followed by the lateral roots and the lowest in the primary roots. On the other hand, the amount of the constituents in the cortex were much higher than those in the pith of the root. The amounts of crude extract, and the contents of decursin and decursinol angelate showed the highest value at the vagetative stage and decreased with development to bolting and blooming stage. Woody cells were accumulated in the pith of the root as advancing growth stage, so that the weight and radius of the pith increased, whereas the relative weight and width of the cortex decreased slightly.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve commercial quality of a cut spray chrysanthemum 'Gama' bred in Korea by foliar application of daminozide (DMZ), suppressing excessive elongation of peduncle caused by high temperature in summer season production. Applications were made at three floral bud developmental stages (I, II, and III), and concentrations used were 0, 500, 1000, and $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Both cut flower length and peduncle length showed the greatest suppression of elongation by DMZ treatments at stage II. DMZ also gradually reduced values of those in a concentration-dependant manner. Stem thickness and flower diameter reduced compared to control as DMZ was sprayed at later stage and those two characteristics decreased in a concentration-dependant manner. The number of paralleled flowers neighboring apical part of whole plant showed the best results at stage I and II. As for DMZ concentration, those increased effectively at $500-1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Among all combinations, $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II recorded the most paralleled flowers and showed 24.2% increment as compared to control. The number of fully expanded flowers and total floral buds also showed the highest values using $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II than the other treatments. In cut spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Gama' bred in Korea, foliar-spraying with $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II most effectively suppressed excessive peduncle elongation, parallelled flower cluster arrangement, and increased the number of flowers in summer. However, this combination affected negatively the other commercial qualities, reducing cut flower length, stem thickness, and flower diameter. Therefore, we recommended that foliar-spraying stage and DMZ concentration was stage I and $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively, in a practical culture for 'Gama'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.44
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• pp.75-100
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore ways in which the flower design industry can utilize podcasts that are rapidly growing in recent years. I selected foreign flower podcasts that are ranked on the global podcast chart, and examined the genre, content, components, show hosts and etc. By analyzing the characteristics of the podcast, the type of communication between the host and the audience, the audience interaction, the industry connection, and the media expansion strategy, I tried to derive the possibility of the flower podcast in Korea. As a result of analyzing foreign flower podcasts, podcasters built listener communities based on their rich experience and knowledge through podcasts and used them for education and marketing. They acted as leaders in the industry or led public opinion such as the sustainable flower industry. Podcast shows were repurposed as various content and used to spread flower design culture. In Korea, flower podcasts can be the basis for the formation of a community related to the flower design industry. Flower design experts can use podcasts as a source asset for various content. Listeners within the industry can get hands-on knowledge about the business from flower podcasts. The popular flower podcast will contribute to the vitalization of flower design culture and industry. Flower podcasts can be a starting point to actively cope with the era of personal media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.37
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• pp.33-48
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• 2017

This study examines garden activity and garden plant preferences for development of the garden activity program using community garden aimed for communication and integration for multicultural age. As a result, for members of multicultural society had high portion of floral arrangement and crafts, growing plants in both indoors and outdoors garden for their garden activities, and using plants for cooking, growing plants in both indoors and outdoors garden was of higher portion for native korean. In the garden plant preferences, members of multicultural society liked ornamental plants the best, due to the environmental correspondence between the plant's place of origin and their home country, while native koreans tend to prefer vegetables, reflecting the recent interest in pro-environment crops and rise in demand of urban farming, veranda gardening and weekend farming. In this study, the garden activity program for communication and integration categorized the value of garden activity into three categories; the value of respect for life, the value of consideration through caring, the value of plant ethics, based on the above preference results. The value of respect for life can be achieved by understanding the meaning of life, experiencing the will to live, and understanding the characteristics of plants and me. The value of consideration of caring comes from waiting and nurturing for living things that are different from me and adapting to the environment as a living The value of plant ethics can give us the insights for human relationships, by understanding and experiencing the natural ecosystem and plant co-existing in it. The eight-session garden activity program also went through validity verification process by experts on gardening and multiculture, and the effectiveness of the program was proved.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.812-819
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• 2015

Gladiolus is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world floral market and is highly attractive to consumers. The production of poor-quality gladiolus spikes is one of the most important hurdles to obtaining high prices for this crop. The main objectives of this study were to improve the quantitative characteristics of gladiolus spikes, to increase propagule production and to enhance chemical constituent levels in leaves to help improve plant growth. We performed foliar application of bioregulators, including polyamines (putrescine and spermine) and vitamins (ascorbic acid and thiamine), at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7 and 1 mM) to gladiolus plants at the three leaf, five leaf and slipping stages. Application of 1 mM putrescine was the most effective treatment, with prominent effects on economically important spike traits including spike length (55.53 cm), spike diameter (7.53 mm), florets per spike (13.99), first floret diameter (9.66 cm) and first floret weight (4.90 g), followed by spermine treatment. The 1 mM putrescine treatment also had positive effects on corm-associated traits including corm diameter and corm weight, with values of 4.57 cm and 26.16 g compared to 3.47 cm and 17.16 g in control plants, respectively. The contents of chemical constituents in leaves, including total chlorophylls ($8.06mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total carotenoids ($1.66mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total soluble sugars ($4.75 mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and phenolics ($0.89mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) increased in response to foliar application of 1 mM putrescine compared to the control. Ascorbic acid and thiamine also had positive effects on various plant morphological traits and chemical constituents in leaves compared to control plants, but the growth-promoting effects of polyamines were more pronounced. Hence, applying polyamines to gladiolus leaves will help improve spike production and increasing propagule (cormel) yields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.113-125
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to study the $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$, a floral decoration, history of $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$, a floral decoration, with a focus on its aesthetics, its practical use and its traditional meaning. After the examination of its history, the paper, recreated the proceeds by taking into consideration both the contemporary men's fashion, as well as the $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$ designs of the past. The three factors of contemporary $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$ design, in brief, are its historical meaning, the visual aesthetics and the wearability. In this paper, the research and design steps are as followed below. First, the paper examined the history of men's fashion leading up to the twenty-first century in order to get a deeper understanding of the history of $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$. Second, the paper attempted to find the most suitable fabric materials and flowers for the $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$, in order to produce diverse $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$ that can be worn in any season and occasion. As for the fabrics that can be used to make the $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$, organza can be used for the S/S season, and wool, tweed and suede can be used for the F/W season. The major characteristics that differentiate the kinds of $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$ are the "Carnation" and the "Rose of Sharon". The 'Rose of Sharon' $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$ as the symbol of our nation possesses an intricate meaning and practical function, so that this $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$ is used as an alternative badge of the national assembly and other social-national institutions and their members. This idea expands into other social and individual features that the $boutonni{\grave{e}}re$ is a differentiated fashion item that provides other personal styles and expresses individuality.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2010

The present study was carried out to elucidate the effect of girdling on the quality and harvest date of the 'Shigyoku' grapes. Among girdled vines, the interval from full bloom to harvest date was 77 days; this was as much as seven days shorter in vines receiving a 20% girdling treatment. With regards to fruit characteristics, significant differences were observed in cluster length, berry number, and berry weight in vines that received girdling treatments. There were also significant differences in cluster weight; 468.2 g, 491.6 g and 504.9 g in the control group, 10% girdling group, and 20% girdling group, respectively. Thus, the use of girdling treatments is an effective approach to increasing cluster weight by 5% in the 10% girdling treatment and 8% in the 20% girdling treatment. The 10% girdling treatment showed significant difference in terms of titrable acidity; in fact, the overall titrable acidity was relatively high among all the girdling treatments. The concentration of anthocyanin increased in 20% girdling treatment, but there were no significant differences in anthocyanin concentration among girdling treatments. Berry color developed rapidly in vines that received girdling treatment.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the perceptions of Korean female university students for clothing pattern tendency and structural element of clothing pattern image dimension and to find how individual personality type influence the preferred clothing pattern characteristics. For this study, a questionnaire was designed and sent to 600 female university students of Daejeon, Seoul and metropolitan area. The tool used in this study was MBTI(The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) Form G Korean version and for the analysis of data SPSS 10.0 package were used. 10 representative patterns for this study were floral, dot, stripe, check, animal, abstract & artistic, geometric, vegetable & leaf, paisely, patchwork pattern. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, arithmetic mean, One-Way ANOVA, x²-test. The major findings were as follows: Clothing pattern image dimension perceived by Korean female university students for 10 representative patterns were basic form, deluxe, specialty, and cultural dimension. Among them, basic form and deluxe dimension were major dimensions. In basic form dimension, dot pattern score was high indicating female students perceive it as light, comfortable, clean, cool and simple pattern image. In deluxe dimension, floral pattern scored high and in specialty dimension, abstract and artistic pattern scored high among other pattern image. In cultural dimension, geometric pattern and check pattern scored high. Based on other detailed analysis results, It is concluded that the personality type greatly influence clothing pattern evaluation. For example, in case of color combination of patchwork pattern, there was a difference in color preference depend on a personality type such as sensing(S) or intuition(N). Therefore, sensing personality type preferred adjacent color combination than contrast color combination. Detailed marketing strategy is necessary in planning textile design of merchandise plan.