• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The Korean government plans to introduce the building energy performance standard which regulates the annual energy consumption of buildings. This paper aimed to set up the reference building from database based on the building design trends for non-residential buildings. We surveyed the design data of 435 non-residential buildings which were granted building permission from 2007 to 2011. And we conducted estimation on the heating & cooling load and the energy consumption of the reference building using ECO2 program. From results, the reference building of non-residential buildings was office building which had a total 7 floors and $20,838m^2$ gross floor area. And it suggests the design reference data of building envelope, HAVC, heat source equipment and lighting system for the reference building. The total annual energy use of the reference building was $151.9kWh/m^2yr$.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2017

Various studies examining how to conserve building energy have been conducted recently. From such studies it has been determined that insulation performance of an aircap is viable and therefore aircaps are used as material for improving insulation performance of windows. However, the aircap for improving insulation performance of a window is attached on the front, causing infringement of the prospect right. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an aircap module attached to the window through rolling, conducting performance verification throughfull-scale testbed and verifying its effectiveness. Findings of this study are as follow : 1) The module suggested in this study enables setting of an area wherein the aircap is attached through rolling so that the aircap rolls up using Velcro tape, and an insulation bar is suggested to block the gap between the aircap and window glass. 2) When the aircap is applied to the window, consumption of lighting energy increased during summer and winter by 2.8%~16.4% and 0%~76.2% respectively in comparison to no aircap application, indicating that it is unsuitable for conserving lighting energy. 3) In terms of conserving cooling and heating energy, an advantageous or effective aircap attachment method is the method whereby an aircap is attached to the front surface of a window. However, the method whereby an aircap is attached to a part of a window and where no aircap is attached increases consumption of cooling and heating energy during summer and winter by 6.0%~35.7% and 2.7%~41.6% respectively in comparison to the method wherein an aircap is attached to the front surface of a window. 4) In consideration of conserving cooling, heating and lighting energy, the attachment of an aircap to the front surface of window is the most appropriate method, and it is appropriate to attach the aircap at a position that is 1,500 mm or higher from the floor to secure the prospect right and minimize energy loss.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2016

온실의 난방부하 중 지중전열부하는 산정방법이나 적용여부가 제각각이고, 온실의 규모에 따라 각각의 방법에는 큰 차이가 있으므로 보다 정확히 국내에 적용할 수 있는 방법을 정립할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 원예시설의 난방부하 산정방법 정립에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 위치와 규모가 다른 3개의 연동 플라스틱 온실에서 난방기간 동안 지온분포와 토양열류를 실측하였으며, 온실의 지중전열부하 산정방법을 검토하고 난방설계에 필요한 기준자료를 도출하였다. 난방중인 온실의 지온분포를 실측하여 실내기온과 비교한 결과 온실의 중앙 부분에서는 지온이 실내기온 보다 높고, 온실의 끝부분과 모서리 부분에서는 지온이 실내기온 보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 온실의 중앙 부분에서는 지중열이 공급되고, 온실의 측면 부분에서는 외주부를 통해서 열손실이 발생하며, 온실의 규모에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 건물의 외주부를 통한 열손실 개념을 도입하고, 온실의 규모를 반영하여 수정한 온실의 지중전열부하 산정방법은 타당성이 있는 것으로 평가된다. 토양열류센서를 이용하여 실측한 지중전열량은 실내외 기온차에 비례하여 직선적으로 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 지중전열량 분석 결과로부터 지중전열의 방향이 바뀌는 기준온도차를 도출하였으며, 국내 온실의 난방설계에서 대규모 온실은 $10^{\circ}C$ 내외, 소규모 온실은 $12.5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$를 적용할 것을 제안하였다. 또한 지중열류 실측 결과로부터 온실의 외주부 단위길이당 열손실계수를 도출하였으며, 대규모 온실은 $7.5{\sim}10W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, 소규모 온실은 $2.5{\sim}5.0W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$를 설계기준 자료로 제안하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 큰 느타리버섯 재배사의 에너지 이용효율과 소요에너지 산정에 대한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 기존에 제시한 재배사모형(영구형 단동 및 연동과 반영구형 단동)들을 대상으로 열수지 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 또한 재배사의 단열재 및 피복재의 열전달 저항치를 산정한 후, 재배사의 냉$\cdot$난방 부하량을 추정하였다. 진주지방의 경우, 큰 느타리버섯 재배사의 냉$\cdot$난방 D-H 증감현상은 실내 설정온도의 변화에 따라 거의 직선적인 변화를 보였으며, 변화의 정도는 냉방 D-U가 난방 D-H에 비해 훨씬 예민하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 설정온도는 물론 실내 유지온도의 제어 양상에 따라 소요 에너지의 변화를 예측할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 앞으로 개발될 버섯 재배사의 환경모형 시뮬레이션 검정과 에너지 소요량 추정에도 산정 된 D-H가 유익하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 동일한 재배공간 확보를 전제로 할 경우, 다중 피복의 반영구형 재배사에 비해 다양한 두께 및 재질로 생산되고 있는 영구형 재배사가 단열성능 면에서 현저히 유리하였다 단동 대비 연동구조의 에너지 효율, 단열 정도에 따른 에너지 소요량의 변화를 쉽게 가늠할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 주어진 지역과 주요 표면의 단열 정도와 표면상태 등에 따라 계절별 또는 재배 주기별 소요 에너지를 예측함으로서 재배사의 구조 및 환경적 최적화를 꾀할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2009

This study focused on changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. There are 10 representative cases which have been renovated through the policy of 'Preservation & Regeneration of Bukchon' by Seoul metropolitan government and other experts. Changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Buckon are as follows. First, Changes of scale. Trough removing extension parts, facade of renovated Hanoks are 'transformed' into recovering their identity. Using basements or lofts, intensive application of spaces is transformation which promotes the vitality of Hanoks. Second, changes of space organization. As Hanok changes its function from residence to commercial or cultural use, il a1so changes space character or reorganizes space organization. It is important that deciding function of Hanok has to adjust its scale and organization. Third, changes of construction performance. Through introducing new material and constructing method, performance of wall has been changed respecting its wooden structure and interior-exterior figure. However, technical studies must back it up not to destroy its value of eco-friendly architecture. Fourth, changes of facility systems, like floor heating system. They changes floor level of Hanok equally, and then sections of Hanok have became simple. Furthermore, inserting new facility space, such as boiler room, stand-up kitchen, bathroom and toilet, organization of space also changed. It is necessary that wise alternative proposal through the method of transformation or mutation must be presented. These four changes can be classification into method of 'transformation' and 'mutation'. Changes of scale are method of transformation and changes of space organization are method of mutation. Also, while changes of construction performance are mutation, changes of facility systems are transformation. Recently, as price of lots have been increased, a lot of Hanoks have been commercialized. Thc commercial energy threat 'the identity of Bukchon as residential area'. From now on, to operate 'identity' and 'vitality' complementary, it is necessary to make up for the preservation policy of Hanok and consolidate renovating standards of Hanok which correspond to character of particular region and building usage.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of change in the composition of indoor spaces in Korean-style houses which have been repaired and improved extensively through the 'Bukchon Improvement Project' and are being utilized for public purposes. For this, we conducted a field survey through visiting the house sites from the 5th to the 26th of May, 2006. Conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. Bukchon Korean-style houses maintain centripetal space composition, in which the rooms surround the court. Centering on the court, the hierarchy of spaces is determined, and the hierarchy of spaces and the composition of internal layout are restructured centering on the court and the main hall without change in direction and position. The main hall is sometimes converted to a room, but it maintains an open space relation with other spaces centering on the court, and therefore, even after its use has been changed, it is still the most Korean-style space. In addition, with floor heating, the common sitting-style life is maintained continuously although the rooms have been converted and standing-style furniture is used. In this way, publicly promoted policies for Korean-style houses are allowed within the limit that the appearance is maintained and the internal spaces do not change the overall structure. However, in order to maintain the tradition of Korean-style houses and utilize them as various spaces, the following supplementations are necessary. First, the main hall and the inner court of a Koreanstyle house should be utilized actively. The court sometimes keeps individuals' privacy or expands the space by extending the view to outdoor spaces, and is sometimes used as an open space through interconnection between the inside and the outside of the house. Second, consideration should be given to vertical spaces. Horizontal expansion causes a change of floor plan. Thus, space should be secured using various cross-sectional changes, such as a kitchen and a loft over the kitchen. Third, structure should be changeable in order to adjust the size of spaces. Thus, through research on traditional windows, we need to develop changeable walls that can be installed and removed easily according to the use of spaces.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2007

Immigrant workers in Korea who have a multi-cultural background are increasing a need is arising to support them with housing that considers their housing culture. The purpose of this study is to gather information to formulate a plan of ChoSun-Tribe Immigrant Workers in Korea. For this purpose, we investigated to the usage of domestic space and the seating style of ChoSun-Tribe members in China and Korea. Ethnographic research with a questionnaire was used to analyze 16 households in China and 17 in Korea. The study results were as follows. 1. Most of the ChoSun-Tribe members in China and Korea thought that the kitchen had to be separated from other areas and also they wanted to have a large kitchen in which they can work comfortably. 2. ChoSun-Tribe members in China used a bathroom as a laundry normally while and ChoSun-Tribe members in China and Korea didn't think that a bathtub was indispensable in the bathroom. 3. The most uncomfortable feature for ChoSun-Tribe members in Korea was having to use a toilet outside so a toilet should be considered inside of the house. 4. ChoSun-Tribe members in China and Korea were accustomed to sitting on the floor for their living usually and ChoSun-Tribe members in China used the living room as a multi-purpose room for the family. 5. A modified Ondol system using water pipes under the floor was gaining popularity in China and was the most desirable heating system for ChoSun-Tribe members in China and Korea also. 6. ChoSun-Tribe members in China and Korea all took off their shoes inside of the house for hygienic reasons so the space for taking on-off shoes was indispensable. 7. Housing for ChoSun-Tribe immigrant workers in Korea needs to be planned with a good environment lots of sunshine and better ventilation.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 온돌바닥 모르터에서 쉽게 발생하는 균열을 저감시키기 위해 사용되는 팽창재 중에서 석회-석고계 팽창재의 품질 특성에 대한 연구결과이다. 본 연구는 팽창재 함량별 배합조건을 설정하여, 석회-석고계의 팽창원리를 실험적으로 검증하여 보았고, 배합조건에 따른 팽창성능을 길이변화율 실험결과로부터 분석하였다. 실험결과 팽창성능을 증가시키면 압축강도는 지수함수적(Y = A $e^{-x}$)으로 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 팽창시멘트 제조시 품질관리의 일환으로 실시하는 화학성분치와 팽창성능과의 회귀 분석 결과, 화학성분치(분말도, +44$\mu\textrm{m}$R, F-CaO, S $O_3$, L.0.1) 중에서 F-CaO 함량이 팽창성능에 영향을 미치는 주요인자인 것으로 분석되었고, F-CaO함량이 증가하면 팽창성능도 증가하며 2차 함수 관계를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다.다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

해양에너지를 지역냉난방설비의 에너지원으로 활용하기 위한 방법론적 관점에서 출발한 본 연구의 목적은 부산시의 지리정보를 이용하여 500m${\times}$500m 메시를 개발하고, 메시 특성에 따른 유형별 분포도를 작성하는 것이다. 연구성과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 부산광역시의 총 16개 단위행정구역 중 연제구, 중구, 해운대구를 제외한 13개 구군(區郡), 108개 동(洞)별 유효 건축정보와 수치지도를 이용하여 500m${\times}$500m 메시를 개발하였다. 총 3,289개 메시가 유효한 건물바닥면적을 갖고 있으며, 그 중 용적률 50% 이상인 메시는 325개(9.9%), 100% 이상인 메시는 59개(1.8%), 200% 이상인 메시는 30개(0.9%), 300% 이상인 메시는 25개(0.8%)로 나타났다. 용적률 50% 이상인 325개 메시를 주성분분석과 클러스터분석에 의해 5개 유형으로 분류하였고 이를 500m${\times}$500m 메시 맵 위에 분포도를 작성한 결과, 상업시설 중심의 1유형은 수영구 광안동, 주거시설 중심의 4, 5유형은 남구 용호동 등이 대표 지역으로 나타났으며, 부산의 대표 유형으로써 주거중심의 주상복합 특성을 갖는 3유형은 남구, 동래구, 북구, 사상구 등 부산 전역에 고르게 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand the living culture of transnational married women and to analyze the out door play of children in their hometown. The data was collected through observation from 27th June to 7th July 2008 in Jian, Jilin Province China. The children's play and lifestyles were observed, and data pertaining to the culture of the people were collected by a teacher and staff. We also visited the residents for housing information. The results are given below. 1. They dressed in Korean clothes on festive days and the boys put on a hood. They had eating habits which included cooking for themselves or buying semi-manufactured goods but did not use, instant food. The housing habits involved a combination of cooking and heating by Korean floor heating system(Ondol). They utilized outdoor space to grow vegetables. Those with a fulltime job(teacher) preferred to live in an apartment but an apartment was too expensive. Public utility charges and traffic expenses were cheap. 2. The main festive days are the lunar New Year's Day and Chuseok. The children returned home and enjoyed the festive day with their parents. The language used are Korean language and Chinese. Some Korean words and phrases in Jian Joseonjok have different meanings as compared to how they are used in Korea. A capping ceremony did not to celebrate becoming an adult from an adolescent. Couples performed a wedding ceremony at a wedding hall attended by their parents and invited relatives from both families. The relatives gave the couple a wedding gift. They did not go on a wedding trip as it was not affordable but instead spent their wedding night at a hotel in this culture. When someone dies, they bury the body after cremation. They perform a memorial service for three years on the birthday of the departed. They have a banquet on the 60th birthdays with their relatives and neighbours and are typically presented with a carp for longevity. 3. They understand capitalism and therefore send their children to school to improve their social position. The Korean and Chinese languages are required subjects in school. The students choose a second language(English or Russian). They prefer English class but at the time of this study an English class was not offered at the school in Jian Joseonjok. Therefore the children entered a Chinese school. 4. The children play outdoor games such as Y$\acute{a}$o J$\grave{i}\bar{a}$(要家), X$\grave{i}$ang g$\grave{i}$(象棋), T$\grave{i}\grave{a}$o p$\acute{i}$ j$\grave{i}$n(r)(跳皮節), D$\grave{o}$uch ing g$\grave{u}$n 凍冷根, B$\bar{e}$i B$\bar{e}$i 背背, and soccer. They play games according to the season.