• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2023

This paper presented an investigation into steel tubes encased high-strength concrete (STHC) composite walls, wherein steel tubes were embedded at the boundary elements of high-strength concrete walls. A series of cyclic loading tests was conducted to evaluate the failure pattern, hysteresis characteristics, load-bearing capacity, deformability, and strain distribution of STHC composite walls. The test results demonstrated that the bearing capacity and ductility of the STHC composite walls improved with the embedding of steel tubes at the boundary elements. An analytical method was then established to predict the flexural bearing capacity of the STHC composite walls, and the calculated results agreed well with the experimental values, with errors of less than 10%. Finally, a finite element modeling (FEM) was developed via the OpenSees program to analyze the mechanical performance of the STHC composite wall. The FEM was validated through test results; additionally, the influences of the axial load ratio, steel tube strength, and shear-span ratio on the mechanical properties of STHC composite walls were comprehensively investigated.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권2A호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 전편논문에서 제안한 부정정 스트럿-타이 모델 및 하중분배율 결정식을 ACI 318-05 스트럿-타이 모델 설계기준에 적용하여 파괴실험이 수행된 229개 단순지지 철근콘크리트 깊은 보의 극한강도를 평가하였다. 또한 229개 깊은 보의 극한강도를 실험식, 실험 전단강도모델에 기초한 설계기준, 이론 전단강도모델에 기초한 설계기준, 그리고 현 스트럿-타이 모델 설계기준 등으로 평가하고, 그 결과를 본 연구의 방법에 의한 결과와 비교분석하여 본 연구에서 제안한 방법의 적합성을 검증하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

The need for establishing the contribution of pultruded FRP encasements and additional FRP wraps around these encasements to the shear strength and load-deflection behavior of reinforced concrete beams is the main motivation of the present study. This paper primarily focuses on the effect of additional wrapping around the composite beam on the flexural and shear behavior of the pultruded GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) beams infilled with reinforced concrete, taking into account different types of failure according to av/H ratio (arch action, shear-tension, shear-compression and pure bending). For this purpose, nine hybrid beams with variable shear span-to-depth ratio (av/H) were tested. Hybrid beams with 500 mm, 1000 mm, and 1500 mm lengths and cross-sections of 150x100 mm and 100x100 mm were tested under three-point and four-point loading. Based on the testing load-displacement relationship, ductility ratio, energy dissipation capacity of the beams were evaluated with comprehensive macro damage analysis on pultruded GFRP profile and GFRP wrapping. The GFRP wraps were established to have a major contribution to the composite beam ductility (90-125%) and strength (40-75%) in all ranges of beam behavior (shear-dominated or dominated by the coupling of shear and flexure). The composite beams with wraps were showns to reach ductilities and strength values of their counterparts with much greater beam depth.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.65-66
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• 2023

Recently, the importance of improving air quality has been greatly highlighted due to environmental problems such as indoor air pollution, and efforts are being made to improve indoor air quality not only in Korea but also around the world. In this situation, this study aims to study the physical properties of cement boards using pearlite with excellent physical adsorption performance due to micropores in materials, expanded graphite that is widely used as a flame retardant to prevent heat transfer in the event of a fire. The experimental items are bending fracture load and impact resistance. The bending destruction load at the fiber mixing rates 1, 2, 3, and 4 (%) did not meet the standard 140N, but the bending destruction load at 5% was 168.2N, and the impact resistance of the fiber mixing rates 1 and 2 (%) could not be measured due to cracks and damage, and the impact resistance at 3, 4, and 5 (%).

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2024

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have a proven strength enhancement capability when installed into Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. The brittle failure of traditional FRP strengthening systems has attracted researchers to develop novel materials with improved strength and ductility properties. One such material is that known as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This study presents a numerical investigation of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with PET-FRP systems. This material is distinguished by its large rupture strain, leading to an improvement in the ductility of the strengthened structural members compared to conventional FRPs. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) model is developed in this study to predict the load-deflection response of a series of experimentally tested beams published in the literature. The numerical model incorporates constitutive material laws and bond-slip behavior between concrete and the strengthening system. Moreover, the validated model was applied in a parametric study to inspect the effect of concrete compressive strength, PET-FRP sheet length, and reinforcing steel bar diameter on the overall performance of concrete beams externally strengthened with PET-FRP.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2024

In recent times, there has been a growing need to retrofit and strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) structures that have been damaged. Numerous studies have explored various methods for strengthening RC beams. However, there is a significant dearth of research investigating the utilization of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) for retrofitting damaged RC beams within a concrete frame. This study aims to develop a finite element (FE) model capable of accurately simulating the nonlinear behavior of RC beams and subsequently implementing it in an RC concrete frame. The RC frame is subjected to loading until failure at two distinct degrees, followed by retrofitting and strengthening using Ultra high performance shotcrete (UHPS) through two different methods. The results indicate the successful simulation of the load-displacement curve and crack patterns by the FE model, aligning well with experimental observations. Novel techniques for reinforcing deteriorated concrete frame structures through ABAQUS are introduced. The second strengthening method notably improves both the load-carrying capacity and initial stiffness of the load-displacement curve. By incorporating embedded rebars in the frame's columns, the beam's load-carrying capacity is enhanced by up to 31% compared to cases without embedding. These findings indicate the potential for improving the design of strengthening methods for damaged RC beams and utilizing the FE model to predict the strengthening capacity of UHPS for damaged concrete structures.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2024

The current study investigates the seismic performance of shear-dominant RC columns retrofitted with iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe SMA). Three RC columns with insufficient transverse reinforcement were designed and fabricated for lateral cyclic loading tests. Before testing, two specimens were externally confined with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and self-prestressed Fe SMA strips. The test results showed that both CFRP and Fe SMA performed well in preventing severe shear failure exhibited by the unretrofitted control specimen. Furthermore, the two retrofitted specimens showed ductile flexural responses up to the drift ratios of ±8%. In terms of damage control, however, the Fe SMA confinement was superior to CFRP confinement in that the spalling of concrete was much less and that the rupture of confinement did not occur.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권4호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2024

This paper aims to investigate the seismic behavior of double steel plate and concrete composite shear wall (DSCW) of shield buildings in nuclear power engineering through experimental study. Hence, a total of 10 specimens were tested to investigate the hysteretic performance of DSCW specimens in detail, in terms of load vs. displacement hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, failure modes, flexural strength, energy dissipation capacity. The experimental results indicated that the thickness of steel plate, vertical load and stiffener have great influence on the shear bearing capacity of shear wall, and the stud space has limited influence on the shear capacity. And finally, a novel simplified formula was proposed to predict the shear bearing capacity of composite shear wall. The predicted results showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2002

기존 철근콘크리트 구조물에 대한 보강 방법으로서 강판접착공법은 강판의 박리나 rip-off 등 조기 파괴의 문제점을 안고 있음에도 불구하고 가장 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 아직까지도 이러한 조기 파괴 문제점은 강판 단부의 접착계면 주위의 국부적인 파괴메커니즘 관점에서 파악되지 않고 있다. 그러므로, 이 연구에서는 보강판의 파괴 메카니즘을 구명하고 접착계면에서의 박리기준을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이러한 목적으로 두 가지 방법에 의한 광범위한 실험이 수행되었는데, 그 하나가 순수 전단력이 작용하는 상태를 고려한 double lap pull-out test이고, 또 다른 하나는 휨과 전단이 동시에 작용하는 상태를 고려한 half beam test이다. 주요 실험변수로 강판의 두께, 접착제의 두께, 부착길이, 그리고 단부 처리방법 등을 채택하였으며, 이를 토대로 하여 각 변수에 의한 영향을 다각도에서 분석하였다. 강판의 길이방향으로의 변형률을 측정하여 그로부터 접착계면에서의 전단응력을 계산하였으며, 콘크리트와 강판의 상대 변위를 측정하여, 접착계면의 전단계수를 얻고자 하였다. 이러한 실험 결과를 이용하여 비선형 유한요소 해석결과와 비교를 통하여 실험의 검증 및 강판의 단부 접착계면에 발생하는 전단응력 및 법선응력을 도출하였다. 해석결과 최대 하중뿐만 아니라 균열패턴 등도 실험결과와 잘 부합되는 것으로 나타났다. 최종적으로, 해석으로부터 얻은 최대 전단응력과 법선응력의 관계를 이용하여 접착계면의 박리가 발생하는 기준치를 제시하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 강판 보강된 콘크리트 휨부재에 대하여 보다 현 실적인 설계 및 해석을 가능케 할 것으로 사료된다.mitted) = 369.4$_{A}$V sub p/ - l237.8 ＜기중양생>lpha$), head separation factor($\beta$), tail separation factor((equation omitted))값이 증가하였다.C$였다.$였다.X>였다..X>였다.할 것으로 생각되었으며, 향후 더 많은 환자들을 대상으로 장기간에 걸친 임상적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되었다.ang with P. japonica Powder had the least sweet taste. In the flavor and overall Preference, the Doenjang with P. japonica powder was the lowestEX>로 측정되었고, 계사내 지붕의 표면 온도는 최고 $29^{\circ}C$가 측정되었다. 계사 내 표면 온도 및 닭의 표면 온도는 계사내 공기온도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다.ill in a good agreement with those predicted by Rohsenow's formula, which was based on nucleate boiling. For the condenser, the wall temperatures were practically uniform, and the measured values of condensation heat transfer coefficient were 1.7 times higher than the predicted values obtained from Nusselt's film

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2015

이 연구의 목표는 학교 건물과 같은 저층 보-기둥 철근콘크리트 구조 건물에서 프리캐스트 벽패널을 사용한 새로운 내진보강 방법을 개발하는데 있다. 1개의 무 보강 보-기둥 실험체와 U형 PC 패널로 보강한 2개의 보강 보-기둥 실험체에 대한 정적 이력 하중실험을 진행하였다. 앵커 접합부 실험체는 전단 파괴될 것으로 해석되었고 철판 용접 접합부 실험체는 휨 파괴할 것으로 예측되었다. 실험체의 종국 내력은 상부 접합부의 전단 내력과 PC 패널 절곡 부 휨 위험단면에서 휨 내력 중 약한 것으로 결정되었다. 이 실험체에서, 한쪽 RC기둥이 가 하중(미는 실험 하중)을 받아 PC 패널 부재를 밀게 된다면, 다른 쪽 내부 수직부재는 상부 전단 접합부로부터 부 하중(당기는 실험 하중)을 받게 되어있었다. 가 하중을 받는 2개의 부재는 합성 휨 거동이 지배적이므로 합성단면의 휨 내력이 실험체의 최종 내력을 결정하게 되지만, 이 경우 최종 내력에 대하여 상부 전단 접합부 강도의 직접적인 영향은 없다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 부 하중(당기는 하중)을 받는 RC 기둥과 PC 패널 부재는 비합성 거동이 지배적이고 실험체의 최종 내력은 상부 전단 접합부 전단내력의 크기에서 직접 영향을 받는 것으로 파악되었다. ACI 318M-11 Appendix-D 앵커 전단설계에 기초한 전단내력 그리고 실험에서 얻은 최대하중을 적용하여 마이다스 젠 탄성설계에 의하여 계산한 전단 외력에 대한 비교 해석결과는 실험결과와 일치하는 해석결과를 보여주었다.