• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

Inelastic static pushover analysis has been used in the academic-research widely for seismic analysis of structures. Nowadays, the variety pushover analysis methods have been developed, including Modal pushover, Adaptive pushover, and Cyclic pushover, in which some weaknesses of the conventional pushover method have been rectified. In the conventional pushover analysis method, the effects of cumulative growth of cracks are not considered on the reduction of strength and stiffness of RC members that occur during earthquake or cyclic loading. Therefore, the Cyclic Pushover Analysis Method (CPA) has been proposed. This method is a powerful technique for seismic evaluation of regular reinforced concrete buildings in which the first mode of them is dominant. Since the bridges have different structures than buildings, their results cannot necessarily be attributed to bridges, and more research is needed. In this study, a cyclic pushover analysis with four loading protocols (suggested by valid references) by the Opensees software was conducted for seismic evaluation of two regular reinforce concrete bridges. The modeling method was validated with the comparison of the analytical and experimental results under both cyclic and dynamic loading. The failure mode of the piers was considered in two-mode of flexural failure and also a flexural-shear failure. Along with the cyclic analysis, conventional analysis has been studied. Also, the nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method has been used to examine and compare the results of pushover analyses. The time history of 20 far-field earthquake records was used to conduct IDA. After analysis, the base shear vs. displacement in the middle of the deck was drawn. The obtained results show that the cyclic pushover analysis method is able to evaluate an accurate seismic behavior of the reinforced concrete piers of the bridges. Based on the results, the cyclic pushover has proper convergence with IDA. Its accuracy was much higher than the conventional pushover, in which the bridge piers failed in flexural-shear mode. But, in the flexural failure mode, the results of each two pushover methods were close approximately. Besides, the cyclic pushover method with ACI loading protocol, and ATC-24 loading protocol, can provided more accurate results for evaluating the seismic investigation of the bridges, specially if the bridge piers are failed in flexural-shear failure mode.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 굽힘 하중을 받는 복합재료 적층판의 파손 해석을 위하여 2D 변형률 기반 파손 이론을 적용하였다. 복합재료 적층판의 비선형 기계적 거동을 모사하기 위하여, 선형 증분 접근 방식을 적용하고 단위 길이 적층판에 대한 점진적 파손 해석을 수행하였다. 크로스플라이 및 준등방성 적층 패턴에 대하여 3점 굽힘 시험을 수행하고 해석 결과와 비교 검증하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권2A호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2008

본 연구는 탄소섬유판으로 보강된 철근콘크리트 부재의 휨 거동특성 및 파괴양상을 규명하고 또한 탄소섬유판 부착탈락 거동을 규명함에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 탄소섬유판의 형상, 섬유판 부착길이, 부착면적 등의 다양한 변수를 포함하는 실험연구가 수행되었으며, 초기 부착균열이 발생되는 부착탈락 기구를 규명 하였다. 본 실험결과 탄소섬유판으로 보강된 철근콘크리트 부재의 휨 강성은 보강되지 않은 보에 비해 현저하게 개선되며 최대 극한강도 증진율은 120% 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 탄소섬유판 탈락 시 측정된 탄소섬유판의 인장변형율은 탄소섬유판의 극한 변형율의 36%에 해당되는 것으로 나타났으며, 탄소섬유판의 부착길이가 충분 할수록 보는 휨 균열로 야기되는 탄소섬유판의 계면 부착탈락으로 파괴됨을 알 수 있었다. 탄소섬유판의 계면부착탈락은 휨을 받는 구역에서 시작되어 보의 양 끝단으로 급격하게 전파되는 취성적인 파괴를 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 탄소섬유판의 유효응력에 근거하여 탄소섬유판으로 보강된 철근콘크리트 부재의 휨 강성을 계산하였으며, 이는 실험결과와 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2008

Various characters of the concrete are greatly improved as the effect of the steel fiber. As the improvement effect of the steel fiber, the increment in flexural strength, shear strength, toughness, and impact strength are remarkable, and tenacious concrete is obtained. This paper presents model which can predict mechanical behavior of the structure according to aspect ratio and volume fraction of steel fiber. Experiments on compressive strength, elastic modulus and tensile strength were performed with self-made cylindrical specimens of variable aspect ratios. This paper presents an analytical study on the behavior of a beam specimen with steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC). The effect of the SFRC on the crack pattern, failure mode and the flexural behavior of the structure were investigated. The analysis model based on the nonlinear layered finite element method was successfully able to find the necessary amount of steel fibers, tensile steels and beam section which can best approximate flexural strength and ductility of a given conventionally reinforced concrete beam.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2010

This paper presents the experimental studies of the flexural behavior of steel-concrete composite beams. Herein, steel-concrete composite beams were constructed with a welded steel I section beam and concrete slab with different material strength. Four simply supported composite beams subjected to two-point concentrated loads were tested and compared to investigate the effect of high strength engineering materials on the overall flexural response, including failure modes, load deflection behavior, strain response and interface slip. The experimental results show that the moment capacity of composite beams has been improved effectively when high-strength steel and concrete are used. Comparisons of the ultimate flexural strength of beams tested are then made with the calculated results according to the methods specified in guideline Eurocode 4. The ultimate flexural strength based on current codes may be slightly unconservative for predicating the moment capacity of composite beams with high-strength steel or concrete.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2017

Concrete pavements are subjected to traffic and environmental loadings. Repetitive type of such loading cause fatigue distress which leads to failure by forming cracks in pavement. Fatigue life of concrete pavement is calculated from the stress ratio (i.e. the ratio of applied flexural stress to the flexural strength of concrete). For the correct estimation of fatigue life, it is necessary to determine the maximum flexural tensile stress developed for practical loading conditions. Portland cement association PCA (1984) and Indian road congress IRC 58 (2015) has given charts and tables to determine maximum edge stresses for particular loading and subgrade conditions. It is difficult to determine maximum stresses for intermediate loading and subgrade conditions. The main purpose of this study is to simplify the analysis of rigid pavement without compromising the accuracy. Equations proposed for determination of maximum flexural tensile stress of pavement are verified by finite element analysis.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2004

In this study, analysis and design programs of bending of RC beams strengthened with fiber sheets are developed by using Visual Basic Language. The program consists two groups, ultimate strength method and nonlinear flexural analysis method. Ultimate strength method regards concrete compressive stress as a rectangular stress block and do not consider tensile stress of concrete and load-deflection curves. On the other hand, nonlinear flexural analysis considers tensile stress of concrete, load-deflection curves, state of stress distribution and failure strain of strengthening material. Also, the analysis method used in this study regards nonlinear flexural stress as compressive stress of concrete. This program can be a good tool for determining the bending strength of strengthened RC beams and estimating the amount of fiber sheets for practical use.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.63-67
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flexural strength ratio(Mr=$\Sigma$Mc/$\Sigma$Mb) with High-Strength Concrete up to 800Kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Five specimens were tested under reversed cyclic loadings. The primary variables were flexural strength ratio of the beam-column, compressive strength of concrete and loading patterns. The results showed that the failure at the beam-column joint in case of high strength concrete was severe more than in case of normal strength concrete when flexural strength ratio 1.4. Thus the part for low limit of flexural strength ratio(Mr=1.4) should be revised for high strengthconcrete.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.125-145
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• 2011

Pushover analysis has gained significant popularity as an analytical tool for realistic determination of the inelastic behaviour of RC structures. Though significant work has been done to evaluate the demands realistically, the evaluation of capacity and realistic failure modes has taken a back seat. In order to throw light on the inelastic behaviour and capacity evaluation for the RC framed structures, a 3D Reinforced concrete frame structure was tested under monotonically increasing lateral pushover loads, in a parabolic pattern, till failure. The structure consisted of three storeys and had 2 bays along the two orthogonal directions. The structure was gradually pushed in small increments of load and the corresponding displacements were monitored continuously, leading to a pushover curve for the structure as a result of the test along with other relevant information such as strains on reinforcement bars at critical locations, failure modes etc. The major failure modes were observed as flexural failure of beams and columns, torsional failure of transverse beams and joint shear failure. The analysis of the structure was by considering all these failure modes. In order to have a comparison, the analysis was performed as three different cases. In one case, only the flexural hinges were modelled for critical locations in beams and columns; in second the torsional hinges for transverse beams were included in the analysis and in the third case, joint shear hinges were also included in the analysis. It is shown that modelling and capturing all the failure modes is practically possible and such an analysis can provide the realistic insight into the behaviour of the structure.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 탄소섬유판이 표면 매입된 철근 콘크리트 보의 휨 거동 효과를 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여, 탄소섬유판이 표면 매입된 T 형 철근 콘크리트 보를 제작하여 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과, 표면매입(NSM) 탄소섬유판으로 보강된 철근콘크리트 부재의 휨 강성 및 극한강도는 섬유판으로 보강되지 않은 보에 비하여 크게 증진되며, 그 최대 증가율은 보강되지 않은 부재의 경우보다 약 247%로 나타났다. 위 철근콘크리트 부재의 파괴는 부재 길이 방향으로 섬유 소선이 풀리는 표면매입 탄소 섬유판의 파괴로 시작되며, 탄소섬유판의 파단이 이어지는 2차 파괴가 발생하였다. 표면매입 탄소섬유판은 콘크리트와의 완정한 합성거동을 유도하여 따라서 탄소섬유판을 표면에 매입하는 방식은 노후 구조물 보강방식으로 매우 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.