• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.375-379
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• 1999

식품공정에 있어서 비가열 살균기술로 개발되고 있는 고전압 펄스 전기장(PEF)을 사과주스에 적용하여 실용성 있는 비가열 처리 신선 사과주스의 개발 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 PEF와 가열처리한 사과주스를 저장하면서 비타민 C, 색깔, 향기성분, 관능평가 등 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. PEF 처리와 가열 처리한 사과주스의 $5^{\circ}C$ 저장중 색깔은 큰 차이가 없었으나 비타민 C 함량은 PEF처리한 사과주스가 가열처리한 사과주스에 비하여 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 신선 주스와 거의 같은 함량을 보였다. 향기성분도 대조구에 비하여 가열처리한 사과주스는 약 70% 이상의 심한 향기성분의 손실을 나타낸 반면 PEF처리한 사과주스는 약 15%의 향기성분의 손실만을 나타내었다. 관능적 기호도도 PEF 처리한 사과주스는 신선 사과주스와 차이가 없었으나, 가열처리한 사과주스에 비하여 유의적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). PEF 처리 사과주스는 $5^{\circ}C$에서 30일간의 저장기간 동안 품질 변화가 거의 없었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2016

The effects of thyme and rosemary on the quality characteristics of sausages during cold storage were investigated. Sausages were prepared with thyme and rosemary powder (1 and 2%) and stored for 6 weeks at 10℃. The pH was significantly decreased in sausages by addition of thyme and rosemary compared to that observed in the control before and after storage. At 4 weeks of storage, the residual nitrite content was decreased by thyme and rosemary compared to the control. Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) were increased during storage, whereas redness (a*) and whiteness (W) were decreased before and after storage by addition of thyme and rosemary. The amount of TPC and lactic acid bacteria was lower at the end of storage in sausage containing thyme and rosemary. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity of sausages was increased by addition of thyme and rosemary compared to that in the control before and after storage. In particular, T2 (0.2% thyme addition) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity during storage. In a sensory evaluation, flavor and overall acceptability were lower in sausages containing thyme and rosemary than in the control. However, at the end of storage (6 wk), aroma, flavor and overall acceptability were not significantly different among the sausage samples.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2001

Conducting polymer 센서가 부착된 전자코를 이용하여 장마, 단마, 대화마의 향기 패턴을 분석하였고, 관능평가도 병행하여 3가지 마 품종의 관능적 특성을 비교하여 보았다. 관능평가 결과, 장마는 아삭아삭한 조직감과 단맛이 강했고, 대화마는 끈적거리고 느끼하지만 고소함과 조직감이 단단하였으며, 단마는 마고유의 향이 강하고 장마와 대화마 중간 정도의 조직감을 보여주었다. 마의 향기에 대한 전자코의 감응도(intensity)는 단마에서 가장 높았고 대화마에서 가장 낮은 값의 변화를 보여주었다. 32개 센서의 표준화된 감응도에 대해서 주성분 분석을 실시했을 때 품종들 사이의 품질특성값은 모두 2미만의 값을 나타내어 각 품종들 간에 향기패턴의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났고 제 1주성분과 제2주성분의 고유값도 각각 33%, 16%로 매우 낮았다. 그러나 감응도 변화가 $1.216{\sim}1.561$로 상대적으로 높은 8개의 민감한 센서만를 선택하여 주성분분석한 결과 단마와 대화마 사이의 품질특성값은 2.057로 향기패턴의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 제1주성분의 고유값도 85.95%로 매우 높았다.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-41
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• 2001

The effect of smoking on the quality sausage Sausages were prepared from beef, port, chickens, games, fish and shellfish with polyphosphate salt and spices. Sausage history goes back to 3,000 years of age. The procedure of sausage 1) Meat Curing 2) Meat Control 3) Add Spices 4) Permissible Ingredients 5) Grinding 6) Mixing Emulsion 7) Stuffing 8) Showing 9) Smoking 10) Cooking 11) Drying 12) Packaging Sausage Product to get information on the effect of smoking onto the quality of meat produces. Sausage was smoked under a given conditions. Smoking was conducted as 35f$^{\circ}C$to 6$0^{\circ}C$ the related humidity of smokehouse was still at 60 to 70 percent. Results are as follows: 1. The Penetrated smoke in sausage was prolonged < p.<0.02 when sausage was smoked 2hours at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ the penetrated amount of free acetone in sausage was 0.5mg%. 2. Peroxide value of sausage as heating treatment both at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and at 5$0^{\circ}C$ was prolonged. 3. When sausage was heated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, bacteria of sausage increased In number while at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ bacteria of sausage increased In number fourteen hours. 4. When sausage was treated with smoking the distribution of free amino acids in sausage was changed markedly. 5. The longer smoking time of the products was the higher the content. 6. In case of oak wood smoke flavoring all of test samples. 7. Rapid decrease of does-response mutagenic curve of the smoke flavoring of oak wood and apple wood by in the peak of curve and phenol in the smoke flavoring. Continuous efforts are required to make sausages easily in the butcher shops and in the restaurants. 8. Sausage texture evaluation has 13 rules. It is Elasticity, Surface Moisture, Surface Smoothness, Center Hardness, Skin Toughness, Cohesiveness, Denseness, Moisture Release, Cohesiveness of Mass, Lumpiness, Graininess (of Contents), Skin separation, Oiliness and sensory 11 rules evaluation is color, texture, mold, flavor, sweet test, salty, sourness, bitter, and savory taste. 9. Smoked, component, peroxide value, bacteria, color, free amino acid, tenderness, flavor, shrinkage are important values.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.248-258
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 쌀가루에 구아바 분말을 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%를 첨가하여 쿠키로 제조한 후 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 구아바 분말을 첨가한 쌀 쿠키의 수분함량은 $5.90{\pm}0.12{\sim}6.02{\pm}0.13$이었다. 구아바 분말을 첨가한 쌀 쿠키의 L 값과 b 값은 구아바 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 구아바 분말을 첨가한 쌀 쿠키의 경우 구아바 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 퍼짐성은 작아지고 구아바 분말 쌀 쿠키의 경도는 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 구아바 분말을 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다 색(color), 맛(taste), 향(flavor), 조직감(texture), 전체적인 기호도(overall acceptability), Top grain score에 있어서 구아바 분말 20% 첨가구가 전반적으로 높게 평가되어 구아바 분말을 첨가한 쌀 쿠키 제조 시 구아바 분말 20%를 첨가하는 것이 가장 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2004

To develope a sauce using Gochujang which can give foreigners good overall acceptance such as good flavor, taste, color, viscosity and versatility to many foods, we studied on the rheological properties and color control, recipes with spices, herbs, syrup, salt and flavor ingredients and sensory evaluation by Chinese, American and Japanese including Korean. From the survey, the Americans suggested that the proper fellow food of Gochujang sauce be fried chicken, barbecue, hamburger and pina, and hoped to reflect red color, low viscosity, hot taste, low sweetness, salty and sourness and diet effect. The Chinese suggest pork and fried food as a fellow with Gochujang sauce and showed similar opinion in the sensory attributes like the Americans except sweetness. When 5% of starch and xanthan gum was added to sauce, respectively, the yield stress of Gochujang sauce showed 33.21 Pa similar to tomato ketchup. In fluidity measured by voistic flow meter, Gochujang sauce showed 6.2 cm/30sec more or less faster than tomato ketchup which showed 4.7 cm/30sec. Gochujang sauce tended to show strong red color and lightness as pH decreased. The pH adjustant and Paprica oleoresin(2%) improved a value to 12.11 and L value to 24.24 similar to tomato kechup(a:12.42, L:25.48). The 1st gochujang sauce product show 4.50 to 5.75 pots in the overall acceptance in the consumer test including foreigners and koreans. However, the 2nd Gochujang sauce product showed 5.90 points and 6.30 points in the pina and fried chicken, respectively, in the same consumer test. Therefore, we propose that Gochujang can be used for developing sauce products which is most acceptable for various foreigners.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2008

In this study, the soy food intake behaviors including perception and intake frequency of soybean foods by sociodemographic variables were analyzed in housewives. The perception of housewives for soy foods showed that soybean paste, soybean curd, and Dambuk were high in the descending order for nutritional quality and health promotion effect, and soybean paste received the highest score in taste and flavor. Soybean sprouts received the highest evaluation score in the economic aspect. In the aspect of safe food, soybean paste received the highest evaluation score, as mush as a traditional food. The analysis of perception by sociodemographic variables showed that soybean curd, Dambuk, and soybean sprouts had higher perceptions as education level increased, and soy milk had higher perceptions in subjects with younger age and with employment. In the intake frequency, more than 50% of the subjects had soybean curd, soybean sprouts, and soybean paste more than once a week. The analysis for correlation between the intake frequency of soy foods and the degree of perception showed that taste and flavor had high correlation with the intake frequency of soy foods except soybean sprouts. The intake frequency of soybean paste, Dambuk, and soy milk had positive correlations to familiarity and that of soy milk had positive correlations to nutrition and health perception, and those of soybeam paste, soybean sprouts, and soy milk had positive correlations to safe food perception. From the above results, housewives in Korea had very high perceptions to nutritional quality and health promotion effect of soy foods and the degree of perception and accompanied intake frequency had significant differences by age, education level, and economic level among sociodemographic variables.

• 화훼연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

식물재료로는 꽃차로 이용되고 있는 식물 중 한의학 서적에 약효가 기록되어 있는 55종을 대상으로 하였다. 이들 식물의 한의학적인 약효를 해표약, 이수약, 청열약, 사하약, 보익약, 보기약, 보혈약, 온리약, 이기약, 방향화습약과 활혈약 등 11군으로 분류하였다. 또한 이 식물들은 열(열, 온, 미온, 평, 량, 한), 맛(달다, 쓰다, 맵다, 시다, 짜다), 독성(있다, 없다) 별로 분류되었다. 꽃차의 음용은 일반적으로 모든 사람에게 이용가능할 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 꽃차를 음용 할 때는 본인의 체질과 건강상태에 맞는 꽃차를 선택하는 것이 중요하다. 독성이 있는 식물을 꽃차로 음용 할 때는 주의를 기울여야하고 몸이 허약한 사람은 음용을 금해야 한다. 앞으로 좀 더 많은 임상적인 연구가 진행된다면 꽃차의 건강학적 효능에 따른 상품화가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.506-520
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• 2023

Objective: Japanese Brown (JBR) cattle, especially the Kochi (Tosa) pedigree (JBRT), is a local breed of moderately marbled beef. Despite the increasing demand, the interbreed differences in muscle metabolites from the highly marbled Japanese Black (JBL) beef remain poorly understood. We aimed to determine flavor-related metabolites and postmortem metabolisms characteristic to JBRT beef in comparison with JBL beef. Methods: Lean portions of the longissimus thoracis (loin) muscle from four JBRT cattle were collected at 0, 1, and 14 d postmortem. The muscle metabolomic profiles were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The difference in post-mortem metabolisms and aged muscle metabolites were analyzed by statistical and bioinformatic analyses between JBRT (n = 12) and JBL cattle (n = 6). Results: A total of 240 metabolite annotations were obtained from the detected signals of the JBRT muscle samples. Principal component analysis separated the beef samples into three different aging point groups. According to metabolite set enrichment analysis, post-mortem metabolic changes were associated with the metabolism of pyrimidine, nicotinate and nicotinamide, purine, pyruvate, thiamine, amino sugar, and fatty acid; citric acid cycle; and pentose phosphate pathway as well as various amino acids and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. The aged JBRT beef showed higher ultimate pH and lower lactate content than aged JBL beef, suggesting the lower glycolytic activity in postmortem JBRT muscle. JBRT beef was distinguished from JBL beef by significantly different compounds, including choline, amino acids, uridine monophosphate, inosine 5'-monophosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and betaine, suggesting interbreed differences in the accumulation of nucleotide monophosphate, glutathione metabolism, and phospholipid metabolism. Conclusion: Glycolysis, purine metabolism, fatty acid catabolism, and protein degradation were the most common pathways in beef during postmortem aging. The differentially expressed metabolites and the relevant metabolisms in JBRT beef may contribute to the development of a characteristic flavor.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.716-723
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to improve the quality characteristics of pork intestine through different pretreatment processes. Methods: We washed pork intestine by both physical (tap water, UV, and sonication) and chemical methods (alcohol, acetic acid, flour and NaCl) as pretreatment process. The physicochemical (pH, color, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and microbial properties of pre-treated pork small intestine were evaluated. Results: The nature of the pretreatment method influenced the pH value of pork small intestine. The acetic acid treatment resulted in the lowest pH value. In physical method, the color value and the number of microorganism were significantly affected by sonication as compared to other treatments. TBARS value of pork small intestine after all the treatments was lower than the control. However, VBN exhibited no significant differences in its value irrespective of the nature of treatment. Appearance and control exhibited lowest value in response to sonication treatment. However, off-flavor and overall acceptability were higher in sonication treatment than other treatments. In chemical method involving NaCl and flour treatments, lightness and redness were lower than other treatments. Lowest VBN and TBARS values were noted in alcohol and acetic acid treatmentsand no growth of E. coli and coliform bacteria was observed. The other treatments resulted in lower values of VBN, TBARS, and microbial counts than the control. Appearance and color value after alcohol, acetic acid, and flour treatment were lower than the control and NaCl treatment. Off-flavor and overall acceptability of by-product after alcohol, flour, and NaCl treatments were higher than the control and acetic acid treatment. Conclusion: Overall, we present NaCl treatment and sonication treatment in the form of a combination pretreatment method as the optimal condition for processing pork intestine.