• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.407-415
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study is to examine the effects of different types of tasks on gait functions of chronic stroke patients when different types of dual tasks were applied while the patients were implementing practical and continuous circuit tasks using their upper and lower extremities circulating many workbenches. METHODS: Forty-four chronic stroke patients were divided into a dual motor circuit task training group, a dual cognitive circuit task training group and a simple task training group. Before training, all the patients were identically encouraged to receive conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes by a physical therapist were thereafter made to train for 30 minutes, five times a week for a total of eight weeks with individual additional tasks. The dual motor circuit task training consisted of continuous circuit training motor tasks and additional motor tasks and the dual cognitive circuit task training consisted of tasks combining the same circuit training motor tasks and additional cognitive tasks. The simple task training consisted of natural walks on a flat terrain to the front, rear and lateral sides of the terrain. Changes in functional gait abilities made through the training were evaluated using GAITRite. SPSS Win 12.0 was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: As for the gait variables that showed significant differences in comparison between the groups over the training period, the dual motor circuit task training group showed more significant differences than the dual cognitive circuit task training group and the simple task training group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training(p<.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, it could be seen that the practical and continuous dual circuit task training was more effective than simple task training on gait. In comparison between the types of dual tasks, the dual motor circuit task training group showed more effects than the dual cognitive circuit task training group.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose : This study is to examine the effects of different task-related circuit training by types of tasks on the depression and quality of life in stroke patients. Method : Forty-four chronic stroke patients were divided into a dual motor circuit task training group, a dual cognitive circuit task training group and a simple task training group. Over the course of eight weeks, before training, all the patients were identically encouraged to receive conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes, five times a week for a total of eight weeks with individual additional tasks. The dual motor circuit tasks training consisted of continuous circuit training motor tasks and additional motor tasks and the dual cognitive circuit task training consisted of tasks combining the same circuit training motor tasks and additional cognitive tasks. The simple task training consisted of natural walks on a flat terrain to the front, rear and lateral sides of the terrain. Result : As for the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life(SS-QOL) that showed significant diffe rences in comparison between the groups over the training period, the dual motor circuit task training group showed statistically significant differences in both different types of tasks at 8 weeks(p<.05). The score of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) decreased in three groups, in the HADS showed significant changes over the training time in the three training groups(p<.05). Conclusion : It could be seen that the practical and continuous dual circuit task training was more effective than simple task training on quality of life. In comparison between the types of dual tasks, the dual motor circuit task training group showed more effects than the dual cognitive circuit task training group. This researcher hopes that the results of this study will be actively applied as rehabilitation methods for chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1092-1101
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• 2003

Most of 3D character animation adjusts the gait of their characters for various terrains, using motion capture data through the motion capture equipments. This motion capture data can be naturally presented as real human motions, which are to be adjusted according to the various types of terrain. In addition, there would be a difficulty applying motion capture data for other characters in which the motion data will be captured again or edited for the existing motion data. Therefore, this paper proposes a method that is to generate walking motion for various terrains, such as flat, inclined plane, stair, and irregular face, and a method that is to calculate the trajectory of the swing leg and pelvis. These methods are able to generate various gaits controlled by the parameters of body height, walking speed, stride, etc. In addition, the positions and angles of joint can be calculated by using inverse kinematics, and the cubic spline will be used to calculate the trajectory of the joint.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.645-651
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• 2007

In general, contours in digital vector maps, which represent terrain characteristics and shape, are created by 3D digitizing the same height points using aerial photographs on the analytical or digital plotters with stereoscopic viewing. Hence, it requires lots of task, and subjective decision and experience of the operators. DTMs are generated indirectly by using contours since the national digital maps do not include digital terrain model (DTM) data. In this study, model key points which depict the important information about terrain characteristics were extracted from the contours. Further, determination of the efficient and flexible grid sizes were proposed to generate optimal DTM in terms of both quantitative and qualitative aspects. For this purpose, a progressive sampling technique was implemented, i.e., the smaller grid sizes are assigned for the mountainous areas where have large relief while the larger grid sizes are assigned for the relatively flat areas. In consequence, DTMs with multi-grid for difference areas could be generated instead of DTMs with a fixed grid size. The multi-grid DTMs reduce computations for data processing and provide fast display.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.110-120
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• 2020

It is generally reported that field learning and a class using regional materials motivate learning and give a positive effect on learning of geology unit, science subject. The purpose of this study is to develop and to suggest regional materials for learning of geology unit, science subject at Jaeundo. The results of this study are as follows. Regional materials were developed at three locations (namjin dockyard area, yangsan beach area and dunjang beach area) of the study area. Namjin dockyard area (A site) is composed of terrain of sea cliff, sand beach and mud flat. Sedimentary rocks, weathering phenomenon of rocks and strata of various shape are distributed in sea cliff of A site. Yangsan beach area (B site) is composed of coastal terrain as sea cliff and sand beach about 1.5km long. Sedimentary rocks and rhyolite are distributed in sea cliff of B site. Tafoni formed by weathering process of rocks are developed on sedimentary rock outcrop of B site. Dunjang beach area (C site) is composed of coastal terrain of sea cliff, sand beach about 2km long and sea stack. Stratified sedimentary rocks are distributed in sea cliff of C site. Sea stack located in near halmi island on the west side of dunjang beach area is a good sample showing erosion process of sea cave for a long time. Unique geomorphology and geology phenomena distributed in 3 sites at Jaeundo can be used as regional materials for learning of geology unit, science subject. And, Regional materials shall be used in conjunction with the text book data of geology units. These 3 sites of the study area are worth using as field learning course for elementary and middle school students.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

In this paper, we suggest a method to simulate high-quality iguana animation by using low-quality motion capture data. Iguana motion data captured using a small number of markers cannot express its movement precisely, and even with a realistic skin mesh, it shows unnatural movement because of limited degrees of freedom. In order to solve this problem, we propose to simulate a natural and flexible movement by applying a soft-body simulation technique which models the movement of an iguana according to muscle forces and body's elastic forces. We construct a motion graph from the motion capture data to describe the iguana's various movements, and utilize it to select appropriate movements when the iguana moves. A target point on a terrain is set from the user's input, and a graph path is planned based on it. As a result, the input movement of iguana walking on a flat ground transforms to a movement that is adapted in an online manner to the irregular heights of the terrain. Such a movement is used to calculate the ideal muscle lengths that are needed for soft-body simulation. Lastly, a tetrahedral mesh of the iguana is physically simulated to adapt to various situations by applying a soft-body simulation technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2013

Small mobile robots which use round wheels are suitable for driving on a flat surface, but it cannot climb the obstacle whose height is greater than the radius of wheels. As an alternative, legged-wheels have been proposed by many researchers due to its better climbing performance. However, driving and climbing performances have a trade-off relationship so that their driving performance should be sacrificed. In this study, in order to achieve both driving and climbing performances, a new transformable wheel was developed. The developed transformable wheel can have a round shape on a flat surface and change its shape into legged-wheel when it makes a contact with an obstacle. For design of the transformable wheel, the performance of legged-wheel was analyzed with respect to the number and curvature of the leg, and then the new transformable wheel was designed based on the analysis. Contrary to the existing transformable wheels that contain additional actuators for the transformation, the developed transformable wheel can be unfolded without any additional actuator. In this study, in order to validate the transformable wheel, a simple robot platform was fabricated. Consequently, it climbed the obstacle whose height is 2.6 times greater than the wheel radius.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2004

To study the effect of cloud on the variabilities of turbulent fluxes over the flat terrain, we used the gradient method to analyze the dynamic and thermodynamic data from the meteorological 9-m mast (0.75, 3 and 9 m) in Villafria airport in Spain. The decrease of the surface wind speed is governed by cooling at the surface following the evening transition. The sensible heat flux and the momentum flux are increased with the dynamic factor rather than the thermodynamic factor, and the sensible heat flux was not affected by the thermal condition. The global radiation did not play an important role in the variation of the sensible heat flux in the cloudy day, but the atmospheric surface layer was characterized rather by the wind intensity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2003

The flow structure around the free end of a finite circular cylinder (FC) embedded in an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over open terrain was investigated experimentally with varying the free end shape. The experiments were carried out in a closed-return type subsonic wind tunnel. A finite cylinder with an aspect ratio (L/D) of 6 was mounted vertically on a long flat plate. The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter is about Re=7,500. The velocity fields near the FC free end were measured using the single-frame double-exposure PIV method. As a result, for the FC with a right-angled free end, there is a peculiar vortical structure, showing counter-rotating twin vortices near the FC free end. It is caused by the interaction between the entrained irrotational fluids from both sides of FC and the downwash flow from the FC free-end.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Gravity, magnetic and high-resolution seismic surveys were carried out in the Powell Basin to examine tectonic structure and recent sedimentation on Dec. 2002. The trend of negative gravity anomalies along the spreading axis of the Powell Basin changes from northwest to east-west toward south. Both boundaries of the basin with the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Orkey micro-continent show negative magnetic anomalies, which indicates that the boundaries were continental rift areas in the initial stage of spreading. Magnitude of the magnetic anomalies corresponding to the axis of the basin is rather small compared to those of normal spreading axises in other regions. Such small anomalies would be caused by reduction of magnetic strength of oceanic crust below thick sediments due to thermal alternation. High-resolution (3.5 kHz) seismic profiles reveal that top of the South Scotia Ridge is a flat terrain coverd with thin coarse sediments by glacial erosion. Thick oceanic sediments are deposited in the central part of the basin. Little deformation in the oceanic sediments indicates that the Powell Basin has been in stable tectonic environment after spreading of the basin stopped.