• 태양에너지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.37-53
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• 1987

This study has been prepared for the purpose of developing the system performance prediction method of natural circulation solar hot water system. The storage tank of the natural circulation solar hot water system equipped with flat-plate solar collector is located at higher elevation than the solar collectors. Therefor, the storage tank temperature distribution formed accordance with configuration of storage tank by flow rate of circulating fluid affect system collection efficiency. In this study measure the storage tank temperature distribution with various experimental system under real sun condition and present the theoretical prediction method of the storage tank temperature. Moreover measure the flow rate not only day-time but also night-time reverse flow rate with die injection visual flow meter. Main conclusion obtain from the present study is as follows; 1) The storage tank temperature distribution above the connecting pipe connection position is the same as that of the fully mixed tank and below the connection position is the same as that of stratified tank. 2) The system performance sensitive to the storage tank temperature distribution. Therefore detailed tank model is necessary. Average storage tank temperature can be calculate 3% and storage tank temperature profile can get less than 10% difference with this model system.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회, 한국에너지공학회 1993년도 춘계 공동학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.70-78
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• 1993

Heat pipes, applied to flat plate solar collectors, have a long and slender configuration with relatively low heat flux on the evaporator. Such a heat pipe has a tendency to build-up a liquid pool at the lower half of evaporator zone, and at this pool occurs such complicated phenomena of evaporation and fluid dynamics as superheat, sudden generation of bubble, its likely explosive growth process and flooding etc. In the present study, we tried to solve those problems by means of adjusting the two principle design parameters, liquid fill charge and wick length, using 4 heat pipes and 3 thermosyphons, with different values of parameter respectively. The corresponding results can be summarized as followings, - The thermal conductance of heat pipes was largely improved by el eliminating wick from adiabatic and condenser zone. - But on evaporator zone wick is inevitable to reduce behavior of the build -up of liquid pool , where arise diverse internal complex phenomena. - The liquid fill charge should have to be increased by 10∼20％ more than the quantity to saturate the wick.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.157.1-157.1
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• 2016

In this work, we experimentally investigated the solar absorption performance of Cu-based scalable nanostructured surfaces and compared their performance with the conventional TiNOX. We fabricated Cu-based nanostructured surfaces with a controlled chemical oxidation process applicable to a large area or complex geometry. We optimized the process parameters including the chemical compounds, dipping time and process temperature. We conducted both lab-scale and outdoor experiments to characterize the conversion efficiency of each absorber surfaces with single and double glazing setup. Lab-scale experiment was conducted with $50mm{\times}50mm$ absorber sample with 1-sun condition (1kW/m2) using a solar simulator (PEC-L01) with measuring the temperature at the absorber plate, cover glass, air gap and ambient. From the lab-scale experiment, we obtained ${\sim}91^{\circ}C$ and $94^{\circ}C$ for CuO and TiNOX surfaces after 1 hr of solar illumination at single glazing, respectively. To measure the absorber performance at actual operating condition, outdoor experiment was also conducted using $110mm{\times}110mm$ absorber sample. We measured the solar flux with thermopile detector (919P-040-50). From outdoor experiment, we observed ${\sim}123^{\circ}C$ and $131^{\circ}C$ for CuO and TiNOX with 0.6 kW/m2 insolation at double glazing, respectively. We showed that the suggested nanostructured CuO solar absorber has near-equivalent collection efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art TiNOX surfaces even with much simpler manufacturing process that does not require an expensive equipment.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.479-484
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• 1986

농가(農家) 규모에서 활용(活用)이 가능한 경제적(經濟的)이며 제작(製作)이 간편한 태양열(太陽熱) 건조장치(乾燥裝置)로 평판식(平板式)과 튜브식(式) 집열기(集熱器)를 설계 제작하고 이들의 열이용(熱利用) 효율(效率)을 비교 분석(分析)하였는데, 집열판(集熱板)으로 흑색(黑色) 도색 함석판과 흑색(黑色) 비닐 필름을 사용하였을때 이들의 열이용(熱利用)의 효율(效率)은 평판식(平板式)에서 최대 48.2%, 평균 42.8%였고, 튜브식(式)에서 최대 25.4%, 평균 22.9%였다. 평판식(平板式)과 튜브식(式) 집열기(集熱器)에서 일사량(日射量), 방향계수, 공기의 풍량(風量)을 측정(測定)하여 공기의 온도상승도(溫度上昇度)를 예측(豫測)할 수 있는 실험식(實驗式)을 구하여, 필요한 건조(乾燥) 조건에 따라 집열면적(集熱面積)및 풍량(風量)을 결정할 수 있었다. 튜브식(式) 집열기(集熱器)를 사용해 고추를 건조(乾燥)한 결과(結果) 건조조작(乾燥操作)을 수행할 수 있었으며 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 노천건조(露天乾燥)에 比(비)헤 2배에 달하였다. 따라서 튜브식(式) 집열기(集熱器)를 농가(農家) 규모에서도 태양열(太陽熱) 이용(利用) 건조(乾燥)시설로 활용할 수 있었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2015

In this study, an analysis was performed on the performance of the solar water heating system with geo-thermal heat pump for a detached house. This system has a flat plate solar collector ($8\;m^2$) and a 3 RT heat pump. The heat pump acts as an auxiliary heater of the solar water heating system. These systems were installed at four individual houses with the same area of $100\;m^2$. The monitoring results for one year are as follows. (1) The average daily operating time of the solar system appeared to be 313 minutes in spring (intermediate season), and 135 minutes and 76 minutes in winter and summer respectively. The reason for the short operating time in summer is the high storage temperature due to low water heating load. The high storage temperature is caused by a decrease in collecting efficiency as well as by overheating. (2) The geothermal heat pump as an auxiliary heater mainly operates on days of poor insolation during the winter season. (3) Despite controlling for total house area, hot water consumption varies greatly according to the number of people in the family, hot water usage habits, etc. (4) The yearly solar fraction was 69.8 to 91.5 percent, which exceeds the maximum value of 80% as recommended by ASHRAE. So the solar collector area of $8\;m^2$ appeared to be somewhat greater for the house with an area of $100\;m^2$. (5) The observed annual efficiency of solar systems was relatively low at 13.5 to 23.6%, which was analyzed to be due to the decrease in thermal efficiency and the overheating caused by a high solar fraction.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2018

The heating performance of a solar thermal seasonal storage system applied to a 1,320 m2 glass greenhouse was analyzed numerically, and the economic feasibility depending upon the number of boreholes was evaluated. For this study, the gardening 16th and 19th zucchini greenhouse of Jeollanam-do agricultural research & extension services was selected. And the heating load of the glass greenhouse selected was 1,147 GJ. BTES(Borehole Thermal Energy Storage) was considered as a seasonal storage, which is relatively economical. The number of boreholes was selected from 25 to 150. The TRNSYS was used to predict and analyze the dynamic performance of the solar thermal system. Numerical simulation was performed by modelling the solar thermal seasonal storage system consisting of flat plate solar collector, BTES system, short-term storage tank, boiler, heat exchanger, pump and controller. As a result of the analysis, when the number of boreholes was from 25 to 50, the thermal efficiency of BTES system and the solar fraction was the highest. When the number of boreholes was from 25 to 50, it was analyzed that the payback period was from 5.2 years to 6.2 years. Therefore it was judged to be the number of boreholes of the proposed system was from 25 to 50, which is the most efficient and economical.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.264-272
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• 1979

곡물(穀物)의 천일(天日) 건조(乾燥)와 연료(燃料)를 열원(熱源)으로 하는 열풍(熱風) 건조(乾燥)의 문제점(問題點)을 보완(補完)하기 위(爲)한 시도(試圖)로서 구조(構造)가 간단(簡單)하고 제작비(製作費)가 저렴(低廉)한 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)와 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)를 설계(設計) 제작(製作)하여 활용(活用)에 필요(必要)한 기초적(基礎的)인 것을 연구(硏究) 검토(檢討) 하였으며, 실제(實際) 곡물(穀物)을 grain bin에 넣고 집열기(集熱機)를 부착(附着)하였을 때 건조(乾燥) 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 1978년도(年度) 대전(大田) 지방(地方)의 일조(日照) 시수(時數)에 의(依)한 수평면(水平面) 일사량(日射量)은 5월(月)이 $16,814\;KJ/m^2{\cdot}day$로 가장 높았고 12월(月) $4,254\;KJ/m^2{\cdot}day$로 가장 낮았으며 기록치(記錄値)와 계산치(計算値)에 의(依)한 유의성(有意性)은 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 곡물(穀物) 건조(乾燥) 기간(期間)(10월(月) 21일(日)${\sim}$28일(日))동안 오전(午前) 오후(午後) 두차례에 걸쳐 집열기(集熱機)의 효율(效率)을 산출(算出) 하였던 바, 일사량(日射量)이 클수록 효율(效率)도 높았으며 11${\sim}$12시(時)사이의 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 평균(平均) 효율(效率)은 28.12 로서 튜브형(型)의 16.75 보다 11.37 %가 높았다. 3. 건조(乾燥) 기간중(期間中) 12시(時)를 기준(基準)으로 한 grain bin 입구(入口)의 온도(溫度)는 대비구(對比區)가 20.02, 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)에 연결(連結)된 grain bin이 40.5, 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin이 $55.1^{\circ}C$로서 큰 차이(差異)를 나타냈으며 grain bin내(內) 곡물(穀物) 추적(推積) 두께에 따른 온도(溫度) 변화(變化)에서 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)와 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin은 곡물층(穀物層)이 두꺼울 수록 낮았으나 대비구(對比區)는 별차이(別差異)가 없었다. 4. 초기(初期) 수분(水分) 함량(含量)이 27.4%인 곡물(穀物)을 17.0%(생체중(生體中) 14.5%)까지 떨어 뜨리는데 25 cm 곡물(穀物) 두께에서 대비구(對比區)가 32, 튜브형(型)의 grain bin이 18, 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin이 11시간(時間)이 걸렸으며, 곡물(穀物) 추적(推積) 두께는 건조(乾燥) 속도(速度)에 커다란 영향(影響)을 미쳤고, 건조(乾燥) 특성(特性)은 초기(初期) 감률(減率) 건조기(乾燥期)를 걸쳐 항률(恒率) 건조기(乾燥期)로 되었다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1993

평판형 태양열 집열기에 적용되는 열파이프는 증발부에 상대적인 낮은 열유속으로 길이가 길고 가느다란 형상을 갖는다. 이러한 열파이프는 증발부의 하단부에서 액체 Pool이 형성하는 경향이 있다. 그리고 이 Pool에서 과열, 급속한 기포의 생성, 기포의 폭발적인 성장과정과 Flooding 등의 복잡한 증발과 유체 역학적 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 4개의 열파이프와 3개의 열사이폰을 이용하여 주 설계변수인 작동유체의 충전량과 위크의 설치 영역을 조절함으로써 이러한 문제를 해결하도록 하였다. 이에 대한 결과들은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다$^{1)}$ . 열파이프의 유효 열전도도는 단열부와 응축부에 위크를 제거함으로써 상당히 개선할 수 있었다$^{2)}$ .액체의 충전량은 위크를 적실수 있는 양보다 약 40%정도 증가시켜야 한다$_{3)}$ . 증발부에서 위크는 핵비 등의 단속적 발생에 의한 불안정한 작동과 포기 시동과정에서 응답시간을 줄이는데 유용한 효과를 갖는다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

태양열은 지구에서 가장 풍부한 재생에너지 중의 하나이지만, 일반적으로 태양열이 풍부한 계절과 열부하가 큰 계절이 서로 달라 사용에 제한이 있다. 유럽과 캐나다에서는 하절기의 풍부한 태양열을 저장하고 그 열을 동절기 난방부하에 활용하여 에너지를 절감하는 태양열 계간축열시스템을 활용하고 있다. 최근 물탱크방식 및 지중축열방식의 태양열 계간축열시스템이 국내에 소개되어 실증연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 연간 2,164 GJ의 난방부하를 가진 경기도 화성시의 유리온실 1개동에 $2,000m^2$의 평판형 태양열 집열기, $20,000m^2$의 지중 계간축열조를 사용하고 단기축열조를 사용하지 않는 보어홀 방식의 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템을 모델링하여, 운전제어조건에 따른 태양열 이용률을 평가하였다. 시간에 따른 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템의 동적성능예측을 위하여 TRNSYS 18 프로그램을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제안한 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템은 태양열 집열과 지중 계간축열조 방열에 각각 차온 제어 하였을 때, 5년간 평균 약 60%의 태양열 이용률을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 시스템은 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템의 구성과 제어방법을 단순화하고 성능을 확보하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

This study was conducted in the process that the basic plan of the formation of the thermal energy complex in the Iwon reclaimed land of Taean was being made. Targeting for the large-sized greenhouse to be made in this area, it examined the cooling and heating load and the amount of ventilation, and also analyzed the economic efficiency of heating. The research results are as per the below: The minimum ambient temperature of this area was measured on January 7, 2001, which was $-18.7^{\circ}C$, and the maximum ambient temperature of this area was measured on July 24, 1994, which was $36.7^{\circ}C$. The maximum heating load was 39,011 MJ/h, but the date when the maximum heating load was not consistent with the date when the minimum temperature was measured. The maximum cooling load was 88,562MJ/h, It was approximately 2.3 times of the maximum heating load, which was measured at 14:00 hours on September 4, 2000. The maximum amount of ventilation heat was 138,639MJ/h. Assuming the rate of solar heat use as 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100%, the total sum of cost-benefit would be ￦-193,450,000, ￦-634,930,000, ￦-3,372,960,000, and ￦-9,850,420,000, respectively 20 years later. The break-even point of the geothermal heat pump would be about 4 years for 10% use, about 3 years for 20% or 50% use, and approximately 6 years for 100% use. It was found that 50% use would be most advantageous. In case two systems are combined, the break-even point will be 10 years, 8 years, and 11 years respectively.