• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

Gel-like compounds containing flammable solvents were prepared to use fur cleaning agents in field of innovative industries and general purposes. And experiments were conducted to improve the defects of liquified flammable solvents from the view point of safety and health hazards. Flammable solvents used in this study were several single component flammable solvents(turpentine oil, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP), d-limonene) and multi component flammable solvent(gasoline and ethanol). For gelation of flammable solvents, commercially Known as Aerosil(equation omitted) 200 fumed silica and triethanolamine(TEA) were used as gelation agent dispersant. The analyses on properties of gel-like compounds was studied by gelation and viscosity test pH test, volatility test and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) measurement. The experimental results indicate that gel-like compounds containing flammable solvents have pH stability, high viscosity, volatile organic compounds(VOC) control by the decrease of volatility and odor component generation, fluidity control etc. From the experimental values, it can be predicted that the safety in the working place is improved by manufacturing flammable solvents into gel-like compounds.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2001

Explosive limit is one of the major physical properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. Explosive limits are used to classify flammable liquids according to their relative flammability. Such a classification is important for the safe handling of flammable liquids which constitute the solvent mixtures. Explosive limits of all compounds and solvent mixtures can be calculated with the appropriate use of the fundamental laws of Raoult, Dalton, Le Chatelier and activity coefficient models. In this paper, Raoult,s law and van Laar equation(activity coefficient model) are shown to be applicable for the prediction of the explosive limits in the flammable ethylacetate-toluene system. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with literature data within a given percent. From a given results, by the use of the proposed equations, it is possible to predict explosive limits of the other flammable mixtures. It is hoped eventually that this method will permit the estimation of the explosive Properties of flammable mixtures with improved accuracy and the broader application for other flammable stances.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2008

The flammable gas monitoring system is to be provided in cargo pump rooms of tankers in accordance with the requirements of SOLAS regulations, and flammable gas detectors are to be arranged in a proper position. In this paper, simulation tests and CFD analysis are carried out under the actual ventilation conditions of pump rooms in the ship in service. Based on the results, a new guidelines for an arrangement of flammable gas detectors are suggested.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.76-82
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• 1997

Flash points ire used to classify flammable liquids according to their relative flammability. Such a classification is important for the safe handling of flammable liquids which constitute the solvent mixtures. MRSM(modified response surface methodology)-1 and MRSM-2 models we suggested for the prediction of the flash points in the flammable ternary system. By means of this methodology, it is possible to predict the flash points of the flammable mixtures system using computer graphics in the triangular coordinate for the ternary system. The proposed methodology(MRSM) has been tested and compared successfully with previously reported flash points in journal for the ternary system.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

폭발한계는 가연성물질의 화재 및 폭발 위험성을 결정하기 위해 사용되는 중요한 연소 특성치 가운데 하나이다. 폭발한계는 상대 연소에 따라 가연성물질을 구분하는데 사용된다. 이런 구분은 가연성물질의 안전한 취급, 처리, 수송을 위해서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 가연성혼합물의 구성하는 각 순수성분의 연소열과 기상 조성을 이용하여 폭발한계를 예측하였다. 제시된 방법론에 의한 계산값은 적은 오차범위에서 문헌값과 일치하였다. 따라서 제시된 결과로부터 가연성혼합물의 폭발특성치 예측 방법과 다른 가연성혼합물의 폭발한계 예측에 폭넓게 적용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 화재현장에서 유류와 관련되어 실화나 방화의 매개체로 사용되어 화재가 발생했을 때 석유류의 정확한 분석기법을 개발하기 위하여 발화지점 주변의 온도분포, 연소되고 남은 물질의 흔적과 GC/MS 분석으로 물질의 종류를 확인하는 것을 가연성 고체와 비교해서 실험하였다. 연구결과 천장에 도달하는 온도는 휘발유와 시너는 점화되자마자 불꽃이 생성되어 천장의 온도가 매우 빠르게 상승하여 그곳에 물질이 있을 경우 2차 화재발생이 전개될 것으로 나타났다. 연소된 후에 바닥에는 가연성 고체와 유류가 상이한 특징적인 패턴을 형성하였다. 연소된 장판은 탄화수소계열이지만 가스검지관을 통해 반응을 확인한 결과 가연성 고체는 아무런 반응을 띠지 않았으나 유류는 즉시 반응을 하였고 그 연소물질을 7일이 경과된 후에 GC/MS로 분석한 결과 유류의 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 화재조사가 복잡한 과정이지만 물질의 특성을 통한 세밀한 조사는 유류화재를 입증하는 데 중요하고 GC/MS분석기기를 통해 실체를 확인하는 과정이 요구된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 1993

Numerical method is applied to predict the time variation behavior of flammable mixture formation in a two dimensional enclosure from the beginning of gas leak. Additionally experimental method is used to consider qualitative aspects. Characteristics of flammable mixture formation such as distribution of flow and fuel mass fraction at various locations in the enclosure are determined for the following parameters: the various locations of leak at the bottom and aspect ratio of the enclosure. In the case of gas leak with small leak velocity from the bottom of enclosure gravitational force affects the formation of flammable mixture. Aspect ratio of the enclosure also affects the formation of flammable mixture. The volume of the region of recirculating flow is dominant factor affecting the formation mixture.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1992

A general theory is developed which enables closed-cup flash points of mixtures of flammable and non-flammable liquid to be estimated from a knowledge of a certain properties of flammability diagram by thermodynamic method. The estimated equations is shown the effect of both the flame inhibiting properties of the vapor of the non-flammable component and the relative volatility of that component. The vapor phase flame inhibition effect results in a even greater elevation of flash points than the rotative volatility of that component. Especially in cases of similar vapor phase flame inhibition of the non-flammable component, the rotative volatility is affected greater elevation of flash points(extinguishing effect).

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Unwanted effects of electrostatic phenomena occur in various industries. Electrostatic problems originating from the human body in flammable atmospheres in the industry are especially concerning. A substantial volume of experimental data on the electrostatic charging voltages created on the human body owing to the rubbing of apparel were generated and reviewed during this study. The data were reviewed to determine whether the resultant charging levels of the human body are hazardous in flammable atmospheres. This study was conducted under several conditions, such as different fiber types used in apparel, shoe types, and relative humidities (RHs). The following conclusions were drawn in this study. ① The electrostatic charging levels of the human body owing to the rubbing of apparel increase with the increase in the surface resistances of apparel; however, the electrostatic charging levels may be different depending on the condition of the cloth surface. ② The discharging energy of 1.98-18.5 [mJ] from the human body exceeds the minimum ignition energy of most flammable materials, when removing an overcoat made of polyester, cotton and wool under severe conditions such as wearing height-raising shoes for men. ③ When removing antistatic apparel, the maximum discharging energy of 0.128 mJ from the human body is dangerous if the minimum ignition energy of the flammable material is between 10^-5-10^-4 [J] Grade; however, a minimum ignition energy of 10^-3 J Grade of the flammable material is considered safe. ④ While wearing antistatic shoes, the electrostatic charging voltage generated in the human body when removing an overcoat is 30 V; therefore, wearing such shoes is a suitable countermeasure when handling flammable materials. However, the antistatic abilities of shoes reduce when thick socks are worn. ⑤ As RH increases, the electrostatic charging levels of the human body decrease. ⑥ The electrostatic charging levels of the human body from removing a cotton overcoat can ignite the majority of flammable materials when RH is less than 30% under severe conditions such as wearing height-raising shoes for men.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.61-64
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• 2001

Demand for development of 154kV Less-Flammable Power transformer is now increasing greatly instead of a oil-immersed transformer for preventing disasters and Less-flammability of substations. The most important point in developing Less-flammable transformer is cooling system. This paper describes the study on cooling characteristic of Less-flammable transformer.