• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2001

This study was to develop a kerosene flame weeder. An air compressor was driven though the PTO of a tractor to provide necessary air for fuel combustion and proper pressure to supply fuel from fuel tank to the nozzle. It was found that the flame was extinguished very easily by wind and vibration of the tractor. This trouble could be solved by attaching a burner cap, which is a modified venturi tube, at the end of the nozzle. The constructed flame weeder was tested for the weeding capability in the prepared field. Weed extinction rate and weight decrease rate were analysed. Measured maximum flame temperature was 1,121$\^{C}$ when the fuel consumption was 13.41 kg/h and fuel supply pressure was 88.2 kPa. The maximum temperature occurred at 20cm from the front end the burner, and it decreased to 46$\^{C}$ as the distance increased to 110cm. The flame length of up to 70cm, where the flame temperature was higher than 372$\^{C}$, would be used for weeding purpose. Weed extinction rate and weight decreasing rate increased as the fuel consumption increased. The flame weeder was evaluated to be a practical weeder through improvement as the weed extinction rate and weight decrease rate were analysed to be 75% and 85%, respectively when the fuel consumption was 116.87kg/ha.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic forming is covered such as \circled1 development of organic farming, \circled2organic farming organizations, \circled3standards and certification, \circled4implementation of EU council regulation, \circled5state support, \circled6implementation of Agenda 2000, \circled7training and education, \circled8advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by \circled1cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, \circled2incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure ; \circled1choice of appropriate species and varieties, \circled2appropriate rotation programs, \circled3mechanical cultivation, \circled4protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, \circled5diversified ecosystems, \circled6flame weeding, \circled7natural enemies, \circled8bio-dynamic preparations, \circled9mulching and mowing, \circled10grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫steam sterilization.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2000

This paper is aim to report the core aspects of Codex guideline for organically grown food which is finalized by FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission on May 2000 in 28th session of the Codex committee on food labelling. The chapter of animal production had discussed for a long time before it was finalized in Ottawa/canada as well as use of GMO(Genetically modified organism), manure from factory farming, animal welfare, and fodder inputs consisting of at least 85% for ruminants and 80% for non-ruminants. As the guideline for Codex set out the several things which is very difficult for Asian country, Organic farmer in Korea should pay an attention to maintain/increase the fertility and biological activity by cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting plants in an appropriate multi-annual rotation programme, and incorporation in the soil of organic material from holding producing in accordance with the guidelines. Pest, diseases and weeds should be controlled by choice of appropriate varieties, appropriate rotation, mechanical cultivation, diversified ecosystems, flame weeding, animal weeding and steam sterilization. The use of plant growth hormone, GMO and manure from industrial management system are not allowed, and closed recycling system, rotation, resistant seeds again pest and disease should be practiced in organic farming. But these are not unfortunately practiced in the country. In the conclusion it was strongly suggested to enact the Basic Standard for Korean organic agriculture which contains the core principles of Codex guidelines, and to try the importation of the most advanced theory, skills and technology from leading country in organic farming.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.34-58
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic farming is covered such as (1)development of organic farming, (2) organic farming organizations, (3)standards and certification, (4)implementation of EU council regulation, (5)state support, (6)implementation of Agenda 2000, (7)training and education, (8)advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by (1)cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, (2)incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure; (1) choice of appropriate species and varieties, (2)appropriate rotation programs, (3)mechanical cultivation, (4)protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, (5)diversified ecosystems, (6)flame weeding, (7)natural enemies, (8)bio-dynamic preparations, (9)mulching and mowing, (10)grazing of animals, (11)mechanical controls, (12)steam sterilization.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2014

본 연구는 예방적 잡초방제 중 하나인 가묘상의 이용방법을 체계화 하고자 처리방법과 처리시기를 달리하여 옥수수 밭에서 수행하였다. 가묘상 처리 적기를 찾기 위하여 5월 초부터 6월 초까지 1주 단위로 실시하고 3주와 7주 후 발생 잡초를 조사하였다. 잡초 억제 효과가 가장 좋았던 가묘상 처리시기는 5월 하순 이후 처리, 처리 방법으로는 화염 제초가 얕은 경운 처리보다 다소 좋았다. 또한 5월 중순 이후 가묘상 1회 처리시 무처리구 대비 27-52%였던 잡초억제율이 2회 처리시 70-90%로 높아져 가묘상의 활용 가능성을 보여주었다. 옥수수 생육 및 수량 또한 5월 하순 이후 처리구가 가장 좋았다. 이 결과를 종합했을 때 가묘상 처리 적기는 5월 하순 이후였으며 얕은경운 또는 화염으로 2회 처리를 하면 효과적인 초기잡초관리를 수행할 수 있었다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2014

유기재배 밭에서 가묘상과 헛묘상을 이용한 잡초관리 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 봄, 가을 노지작물 재배시험을 수행하였다. 가묘상은 작물재배 2-4주 전에 설치한 후 갈퀴를 이용하여 천경하거나 화염처리로 제초하였다. 배추, 콩, 고추, 옥수수를 재배한 봄작기 시험에서 가묘상처리에 따른 잡초억제율은 각각 65-73%, 50-55%, 9-55%, 8-33%로 많은 차이를 나타내었다. 작물의 생육과 수량을 고려할 때 배추, 콩, 옥수수 등은 가묘상을 이용한 잡초관리 가능성이 있다고 판단된다. 헛묘상을 이용한 가을작기 시험은 배추, 시금치, 당근을 재배하였는데 잡초억제율은 각각 18?39%, 40?77%, 37?38%로 가묘상을 이용한 봄작기보다 낮았고 생육과 수량도 좋지 않아 적용 가능성이 적었다.