• Title/Summary/Keyword: fixture

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Analysis of Heat Dissipation Characteristics for Standard 25 [W] LED Module of Korea Expressway Corporation: Using CFD Analysis (CFD 해석을 이용한 한국도로공사 표준 25 [W] LED 모듈의 방열 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Se-Il;Her, In-Sung;Lee, A-Ram;Jung, Min-Joo;Yu, Young-Moon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.27 no.8
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    • pp.541-546
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    • 2014
  • Korea Expressway Corporation established standard of LED lighting fixture in Dec. 2013. To raise compatibility, the standard requires a fixed form and it is applied to street lights and tunnel lights, etc. Because streetlight has different circumstance condition from tunnel light that is down light and exposed to constant wind velocity over height of 8 meters, in case of LED module which has the same shape, characteristic of radiant heat can be different. In this paper, we designed 25 [W] LED Module that is designated by standard of Korea Expressway Corporation and analyzed characteristics of radiant heat about natural convection and forced convection. It is dropped 10.12[$^{\circ}C$] that max temperature is decreased by increasing 20 mm of bended height of heatsink at the condition of natural convection. Radiant heat characteristic of bended height 35 mm became 78.08[$^{\circ}C$] at the condition of natural convection, 55.30[$^{\circ}C$] at the condition of forced convection so that 22.78[$^{\circ}C$] is decreased that is 29.1[%] decrease. Bended height 55mm became 67.96[$^{\circ}C$] at the condition of natural convection, 48.04[$^{\circ}C$] at the condition of forced convection so that 19.92[$^{\circ}C$] is decreased that is 29.3% decrease.

Assessment of Yield Characteristics of Gas Pipeline Materials by Observing Surface-Local Deformation (미소 표면변형 관찰을 통한 가스배관 부재의 항복특성 평가)

  • Lee, Yun-Hee;Baek, Un-Bong;Cheong, In-Hyeon;Nahm, Seung-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Houck
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2008
  • A combination of the instrumented indentation and 3D morphology measurement has been tried in order to perform a real-time property measurement of degraded materials in gas pipelines; three-dimensional indent morphologies were recorded using a reflective laser scanner after a series of insturmented indentations on three metallic specimens. Dimensions of the permanent deformation zone and contact boundary were analyzed from the cross-sectional profile over an remnant indent and used for estimating yield strength and hardness, respectively. Estimated yield strength was comparable with that from uniaxial tensile test and actual hardness implying material pile-up effects was lower than the calculated value from indentation curve by $20{\sim}30%$. It means that this 3D image analysis can explain the material pile-up effects on the contact properties. Additionally, a combined system of indentation and laser sensor was newly designed by modifying a shape of the indentation loading fixture.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Interior Elements of Frank Lloyd Wright's Residential Design (F. L. Wright의 주택특성과 실내디자인 요소분석에 관한 연구)

  • 서수경
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • no.5
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 1995
  • Frank Lloyd Wright, a master of the 20th Century Ar-chitecture, contributed tremendously in creating a wholly new form of American architecture called Prairie Style. His idea behind the development of the building structur-al system, organic relationships between inner and outer space, horizontal vertical lines, and idea of extending and expanding interior spaces came from nature. He had completed over 390 projects throughout his life and 90% of those projects were residential design. The most typical characteristic shared by many of his residential design was that each design element, whether it is functional or aesthetical, has close relationship to or-ganic nature, human scale, theoretical floor plants, and maximum emphasis on horizontal lines in respect to na-ture. His concept of "flow of spaces" reformed common the-ory of room next to room in a enclosed space. His sense of "wall" was no longer the side of a box. Careful selec-tion of finishing materials, colors, and natural images en-hance the design as well. F.L. Wright was an artist, designer, and architect who believed the exterior space should have direct relationship to the interior space. His architectural philosophy was not only to design exterior of architecture but also to ful-fill his space through the careful development of interior elements such as furniture, and lighting fixture. Even the patterns for leaded glass windows were designed to have unified appearance from outside to inside of the house. The objective of this study was to analyze floor plans, spatial organizations, and interior design elements of the houses which represent the best of F.L. Wright's design principles and philosophy behind Prairie Style. The meth-od used to collect informations for this study was based on books, articles, journals, and actual site visits. actual site visits.

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Proposal of VMD for a Footwear Shop at Department Stores - Focused on a Footwear Shop for Women at a "H" Department Store -

  • Lee, Mi-Young;Kim, Soon-Ku
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.28-40
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    • 2002
  • For modern man and woman, footwear is considered a fashion for expressing oneself, and not merely a protective tool for the feet. The purpose of this research is to increase the effect of sales promotional activities by emphasizing product image and by enhancing sales environment. Towards this end, this research focuses on the study of environment at footwear stores that meet the challenges incurred by the changing lifestyles of consumers and the ensuing dynamics of the society in general. Research is based on an in-depth, thorough study of the previous research works and entails examining theoretical background and the concept of Visual Merchandising Display (VMD). Research will focus on the analysis of current situation at footwear stores located in department store based on material research on footwear stores and theoretical examination. Research on the current situation of footwear stores at department store will be conducted from the VMD perspective. In the end, this research paper will make suggestions on the VMD measures for footwear stores with the aim of increasing sales by satisfying consumers' sensibility and purchasing desire. Suggestions will be made based on the results of the research. -Study of current VMD status per fixture centered on 18 brands at department store -Suggestions for VMD at footwear stores based on the survey results of customer purchasing behavior This research intends to develop structured VMD methodology for footwear stores based on the research centered on VMD research of footwear stores at department store. Significance of this research lies in its aim to contribute to the sales increase, no matter how trivial it might be. Going a step further, this research work could be considered one of the foundations for defining the role of VMD methodology at footwear stores. Suggested results are as follows. (1) Need to cast away from simple, one-dimensional type of display method at footwear stores and transform into product image oriented VMD (2) Need to highlight product image by fully leveraging props and by developing footwear display methods that are suitable for different types of fixtures (3) Need to stabilize VMD by developing footwear manual that enables efficient management by store operator.

Surface alterations following instrumentation with a nylon or metal brush evaluated with confocal microscopy

  • Kim, Young-Sung;Park, Jun-Beom;Ko, Youngkyung
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.310-318
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: Surface alterations of titanium discs following instrumentation with either a nylon brush or a metal brush were evaluated. Methods: A total of 27 titanium discs with 3 surface types (9 discs for each type), including machined (M) surfaces, sandblasted and acid-etched (SA) surfaces, and surfaces treated by resorbable blast media (RBM), were used. Three discs were instrumented with a nylon brush, another 3 discs were instrumented with a metal brush, and the remaining 3 discs were used as controls for each surface type. Surface properties including the arithmetic mean value of a linear profile (Ra), maximum height of a linear profile (Rz), skewness of the assessed linear profile (Rsk), arithmetic mean height of a surface (Sa), maximum height of a surface (Sz), developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr), skewness of a surface profile (Ssk), and kurtosis of a surface profile (Sku) were measured using confocal microscopy. Results: Instrumentation with the nylon brush increased the Ra, Sa, and Sdr of the M surfaces. On the SA surfaces, Ra, Sa and Sdr decreased after nylon brush use. Meanwhile, the roughness of the RBM surface was not affected by the nylon brush. The use of the metal brush also increased the Ra, Sa, and Sdr of the M surface; however, the increase in Sdr was not statistically significant (P=0.119). The decreases in the Rz, Sz, Ra, Sa, and Sdr of the SA surfaces were remarkable. On the RBM surfaces, the use of the metal brush did not cause changes in Ra and Sa, whereas Rz, Sz, and Sdr were reduced. Conclusions: Titanium surfaces were altered when instrumented either with a nylon brush or a metal brush. Hence, it is recommended that nylon or metal brushes be used with caution in order to avoid damaging the implant fixture/abutment surface.

Influence Factors for the Safety Assessment on the GPE Blocks during On-shore Transportation (GPE 블록의 연안운송시 안전성 평가를 위한 영향인자)

  • Kim, Sung-Chang;Hong, Ki-Sup;Shin, Dae-Kyun;Yu, Byeong-Seok;Kim, Kwan-Hong;Suh, Yong-Seok;Paeck, Se-Jin
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.595-602
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    • 2009
  • Great number of ships has been built by Korean Shipyards since early of 2,000 due to the expanding worldwide trade. Most of shipyards have enlarged the weight of erection block and many blocks have been assembled in block fabrication factories outside the shipyards to reduce the shipbuilding period. Especially, Giga blocks that exceed 2,000 tons are often assembled by the block fabrication factories outside the shipyard. Generally, the blocks are transported to building dock in shipyard by towing barges. Accident can be occurred during the sea transportation and it may bring about not only the delay of delivery but also a disaster on the ocean environments. Transportation condition of GPE (Grand Pre-Erection) block differs from the ocean going conditions of marine vessels. Special consideration should be included before transportation work in order to guarantee the safety of GPE blocks and barge carriers. In this paper, several examples, which have been investigated to set up the safety standard of transportation of the GPE blocks on coastal routes, are introduced. For the barge transportation on coastal sea route, the design criteria are discussed, considering the design wave, the acceleration induced by wave, structural strength, and the fixture condition of blocks.

A Study on the Analysis of Radiation Dose for Thermoplastic Material and 3D Print Filament Materials (열가소성 플라스틱 재질과 3D 프린트 필라멘트 재질에 대한 방사선량 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Dong-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 2021
  • This study is a prior research to manufacture a thermoplastic mask, which is a fixture used in radiation therapy, by 3D printing. It proceeded to analyze the filament material that can replace the thermoplastic. Among the commercially available filament materials, a material having similar characteristics to that of a thermoplastic mask was selected and the radiation dose was compared and analyzed. The experiment used Monte Carlo simulation. The shape in which the mask fixed the head was simulated for the ICRU sphere. The photon fluence was calculated at the skin Hp (0.07), the lens Hp (3), and the whole body Hp (10) by applying a thermoplastic plastic material and a filament material. As a result, when looking at the relative dose based on the thermoplastic plastic material, the difference was approximated within 4%. The material showing the most similar dose was PA-nylon. In selecting an appropriate filament material, it should be selected by comprehensively considering various conditions such as economical efficiency and radiation effects. It is thought that the results of this study can be used as basic data.

Prognosis in case of nerve disturbance after mandibular implant surgery in relation to computed tomography findings and symptoms

  • Na, Ji Yeon;Han, Sang-Sun;Jeon, KugJin;Choi, Yoon Joo;Choi, Seong Ho;Lee, Chena
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.127-135
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) imaging findings and clinical symptoms of patients who complained of neurosensory disturbances after mandibular implant surgery, and to investigate the relationships of these parameters with the prognosis for recovery. Methods: CT scans were reviewed in 56 patients with nerve disturbance after mandibular implant surgery. Two oral radiologists classified the imaging findings into intrusion, contact, close, and separate groups according to the distance from the inferior border of the implant to the roof of the mandibular canal (MC). The symptoms of 56 patients were classified into 8 groups and the frequency of each group was investigated. Patients were categorized according to symptom improvement into no recovery and recovery groups, and the relationships of recovery with the CT classification and specific symptom groups were analyzed. Results: Thirty-eight of the 56 nerve disturbance cases showed improvement. The close and separate groups in the CT classification had a strong tendency for recovery (90.9% and 81.8%, respectively) (P<0.05). Although the lowest recovery rate was found in the intrusion group, it was non-negligible, at 50%. The 6 patients with a worm crawling feeling all improved, while the 8 cases with a tightening sensation showed the lowest recovery rate, at 12.5%, and the symptom of a tightening sensation occurred only in the intrusion and contact groups. Conclusions: The closer the implant fixture was to the MC on CT images, the less likely the patient was to recover. Regarding paresthesia symptoms, while a worm crawling feeling is thought to be a predictor of recovery, a tightening sensation appeared to be associated with a lower recovery rate.

Transfer learning in a deep convolutional neural network for implant fixture classification: A pilot study

  • Kim, Hak-Sun;Ha, Eun-Gyu;Kim, Young Hyun;Jeon, Kug Jin;Lee, Chena;Han, Sang-Sun
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.219-224
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of transfer learning in a deep convolutional neural network for classifying implant fixtures. Materials and Methods: Periapical radiographs of implant fixtures obtained using the Superline (Dentium Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), TS III(Osstem Implant Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), and Bone Level Implant(Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) systems were selected from patients who underwent dental implant treatment. All 355 implant fixtures comprised the total dataset and were annotated with the name of the system. The total dataset was split into a training dataset and a test dataset at a ratio of 8 to 2, respectively. YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once version 3, available at https://pjreddie.com/darknet/yolo/), a deep convolutional neural network that has been pretrained with a large image dataset of objects, was used to train the model to classify fixtures in periapical images, in a process called transfer learning. This network was trained with the training dataset for 100, 200, and 300 epochs. Using the test dataset, the performance of the network was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results: When YOLOv3 was trained for 200 epochs, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and confidence score were the highest for all systems, with overall results of 94.4%, 97.9%, 96.7%, and 0.75, respectively. The network showed the best performance in classifying Bone Level Implant fixtures, with 100.0% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Conclusion: Through transfer learning, high performance could be achieved with YOLOv3, even using a small amount of data.

Treatment of Transverse Patella Fracture with Minimally Invasive Load-Sharing Patellar Tendon Suture and Cannulated Screws (최소 침습 기법 슬개건 부하 분산 봉합술과 유관 나사못을 이용한 슬개골 횡골절의 치료)

  • Lee, Beom-Seok;Park, Byeong-Mun;Yang, Bong-Seok;Kim, Kyu-Wan
    • Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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    • v.56 no.6
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    • pp.540-545
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    • 2021
  • A transverse fracture is the most common type of displaced patella fracture requiring surgery. These fractures are commonly fixed with parallel Kirschner wires or screws that cross the fracture line, often with an additional tension band. Nevertheless, conventional fixation methods of patella fractures have prevalent complications caused by the protrusion of wires or pins. These complications necessitate additional surgery for hardware removal, increase medical cost, and can limit the function of the knee joint. This paper reports cases treated with a minimally invasive load-sharing percutaneous suture of the patella tendon. The procedure provides reliable fixation for transverse patella fractures, minimizes soft tissue injuries, preserves blood flow, and reduces postoperative pain. In addition, the procedure also reduces the irritation and pain caused by the internal fixture, thereby reducing the risk of restricted knee joint movement.