• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2002

This paper was investigated to clarify the possibility of a biodegradation of materials adsorbed on different porous granular-activated carbons (GACs) such as coal-& coconut-based GAC. Total organic carbon, humic substance and ammonia were used to compare their removal efficiencies. The objective of this study is to determine the adsorption capacity of bioregenerated GAC. When raw water reacted with chloride, the yield of THMs increased as a function of the input amount of chloride. The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) was investigated in water treated with chlorine when humic acid was used as THM precursor. As the input amount of chloride in raw water increased by two or five-fold to remove the $NH_3$, the chloroform of the THMs significantly increased also five or ten-fold. It was found that the chloroform was significantly removed by the treatment of biological activated carbon (BAG) in comparison with the ozone treatment, and the removal efficiency of THMs in coal-typed GAC was $10-30\%$ better than coconut-typed GAC due to the biological degradation on the surface of the activated carbons.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of organic loading rates on simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in an innovative fixed-film aerobic bioreactor. The fixed-film bioreactor (FFB) was composed of a two-compartment aeration tank, in which a synthetic filamentous carrier was submerged as biofilm support media, and a settling tank which polyvinylidene media (Saran) was used as settling aid for suspended solids. Three different organic loading rates, ranging from 0.92-2.02 kg chemical oxygen demand/$m^3$/day were applied by varying hydraulic retention time (HRT). The total soluble organic carbon removal efficiencies were in the range of 90-97%. The removal efficiency of ammonia was found to be in the range of 70-84%. Total nitrogen removal efficiency was found to be in the range of 40-45%, which indicates that denitrification reactions occurred simultaneously in the attached biofilm on the fibrous media in the aeration tank. The settling performance of suspended solids was significantly improved due to the presence of Saran media in the settling compartment, even for a short HRT. The fixed-film aerobic bioreactor used in this study demonstrated efficient treatment efficiency even at higher organic loading rates and at short HRTs.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

졸가시나무 탄화물에 대해 주요 기능 특성을 규명하였다. 졸가시나무 탄화물을 지금까지 보고된 탄화물들과 비교해 보면, 고정탄소율 85% 이상이었고, 비중은 1.0 이상으로 다른 상업용 흑탄이나 백탄보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. MBA (0.73 mg/g), 흡습성 및 수소이온농도는 낮은 경향이었으며, 발열량은 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 원적외선 방사율은 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 졸가시나무 탄화물의 기능성을 이용한 사용 시는 기능 성질에 따른 선택적 사용이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.118-133
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• 2024

The sapwood portion of fast-growing teak is mostly ignored due to its inferior quality. One of the possibilities for utilizing sapwood waste is to convert it into activated carbon that has good adsorption capabilities. The raw materials used in this research were sapwood of 14-year-old fast-growing teak sapwood (FTS) waste, which was taken from three trees from community forests in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region. FTS waste was taken from the bottom of the tree up to a height of 1.3 m. The activation process is conducted with an activation temperature of 750℃, 850℃, and 950℃. The heating duration consists of three variations: 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The quality evaluation parameters of activated carbon include yield, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, adsorption capacity of benzene, adsorption capacity of methylene blue, and adsorption capacity of iodine. The results showed that the activated carbon produced had the following quality parameters: yield of 75.61%; moisture content of 1.27%; volatile matter content of 9.98%; ash content of 5.43%; fixed carbon content of 84.58%; benzene absorption capacity of 8.58%; methylene blue absorption capacity of 87.73 mg/g; and iodine adsorption capacity of 948.19 mg/g. It can be concluded that activated carbon from FTS waste has good iodine adsorption, which fulfilled the SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard. Due to the iodine adsorption ability of FTS waste activated carbon, the conversion of FTS waste to activated carbon is categorized as a potential method to increase the value of this material.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2009

고정층 반응기에서 활성탄 흡착제를 사용하여 질소 기류에서 벤젠 증기의 파과곡선을 측정하였다. 흡착실험은 흡착온도 $25{\sim}50^{\circ}C$, 질소 가스의 유량 $80{\sim}150cm^3/min$, 흡착제의 공급량 3~5 g, 그리고 벤젠 증기의 농도는 포화조의 온도를 $25{\sim}40^{\circ}C$로 변화시켜 행하였으며, 파과곡선의 비선형해석으로부터 비활성화 모델의 흡착속도상수와 비활성속도상수를 구하고 비활성화 모델과 흡착 등온 모델과의 상관관계를 고찰하였다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of methyl iodide at high temperature conditions up to $250^{\circ}C$ by TEDA-impregnated activated carbon, which is used for radioiodine retention in nuclear facility, was experimentally evaluated. In the range of temperature from $30^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$, the adsorption capacity of base activated carbon decreased sharply with increasing temperature but that of TEDA-impregnated activated carbon showed higher value even at high temperature ranges. Especially, the desorption amount of methyl iodide on TEDA-impregnated carbon represented lower value than that on unimpregnated carbon. The breakthrough curves of methyl iodide in the fixed bed packed with base carbon and TEDA-impregnated activated carbon at high temperature were compared. TEDA-impregnated activated carbon would be applicable to adsorption process up to $150^{\circ}C$ for the removal of radioiodine in a nuclear facility.

• 에너지공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2004

이산화탄소를 해양에 대량으로 처리하는 기술이 지구온난화현상을 완화시키는 기술의 하나로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이산화탄소를 해수에 용해시키기 위해서 중층심해 1,000m와 1,500m 깊이에 분사된 액체 이산화탄소의 용해거동을 계산한 결과, 해저 약 500m 깊이에서 이산화탄소는 액체에서 기체로 상변화를 일으키며, 이산화탄소와 해수의 접촉면에 생성되는 하이드레이트는 용해에 장애물로 작용하였다. 또한 움직이는 배에서 이산화탄소를 분사하는 방법이 고정파이프라인에서 분사하는 방법보다 용해에 더 효과적이었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.698-703
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• 1999

For the nitrate removal in recirculating aquaculture system, a denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, was isolated from municipal sewage and the cells were immobilized in modified-polyvinly alchol (PVA) gel beads. The immobilized cells in both the fixed-and fluidized-bed reactors showed 98% of denitrification efficiency with 6hr HRT, and the removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) was above 90%. Form scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, it was known that biofilm formed in fixed-bed reactor was thicker than that formed in fluidized-bed reactor as operation time passed.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2021

철강 산업에 있어서 CO2 배출량 감소는 중요한 이슈이며, CO2 배출 감소를 위해 코크스를 일부 대체할 수 있는 탄재 연료의 연구는 필요하다. 한편, 바이오매스 연료는 고정 탄소를 일부 함유하고 있으며, 반탄화 공정을 통해 연료내 탄소의 함량을 증가시킬 수 있다. 바이오매스 연료 중 커피박은 약 55 mass%의 탄소를 함유하고 있으며, 국내에서 연간 약 27만 ton이 매립 또는 소각되고 있다. 또한, 연간 커피 소비량의 증가로 인한 재활용 공정에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 반탄화 공정을 통한 커피박 내 고정 탄소의 농도에 미치는 온도의 영향을 연구하였다. 또한, 반탄화 커피박의 용해 실험을 통해 금속 샘플 내 탄소 농도와 용해 효율에 대한 코크스와 혼합비의 영향을 조사하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2015

The merits of activated carbon for removal of organic compounds have been well known in the various industrial fields. Fixing methods with activated carbon in the non-woven fabric have the advantages of fast adsorption and ease of handling when compared with bonding and coating methods. In this study, we have examined deodorization of non-woven fabrics fixed with activated carbon. We have been tested the deodorization of various kinds activated carbon and non-woven fabric structures. The effective mixing ratio of activated carbon was 5% on the weight of fabrics, which are closely related to the fabric structure. The activated carbon with higher mesh size show the better deodorization effect.