• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.367-370
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• 2010

We present a case of posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation in a patient with an aberrant vertebral artery (VA) course combined with bilateral high-riding VA. An aberrant VA which courses below the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) that does not pass through the C1 transverse foramen and without an osseous anomaly is rare. However, it is important to consider an abnormal course of the VA both preoperatively and intraoperatively in order to avoid critical vascular injuries in procedures which require exposure or control of the VA, such as the far-lateral approach and spinal operations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

In order to utilize coal fly ash (hereafter : coal ash ) discharged from coal boiler as a material for civil engineering usage such as snow melter or soil improver, we have to prevent leaching hazardous elements such as fluorine boron and heavy metals from the coal ash because the leaching concentrations of some elements in the ash exceed the Japanese standards for environmental soil quality. Through the laboratory experiments and mill trials we confirmed that the leaching concentrations of fluorine, boron and heavy metals were maintained below their environmental standards by mixing with fixation chemicals and curing for a short time.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.664-667
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• 2008

Since the advent of pedicle screw fixation system, posterior spinal fusion has markedly increased This intemal fixation system has been reported to enhance the fusion rates, thereby becoming very popular procedure in posterior spinal arthrodesis. Although some previous studies have shown the complications of spinal instruments removal, i.e. loss of correction and spinal collapse in scoliosis or long spine fusion patients, there has been no study describing the benefit or complications in lumbar spinal fusion surgery of one or two level. In order to clarify the effect of removal of instruments on mechanical motion profile, we simulated a finite element model of instrumented posterolateral fused lumbar spine model, and investigated the change of mechanical motion profiles after the removal of instrumentation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1992

Meniscectomy is indicated for the internal derangement of disk with perforation and gross morphological changes, nonreactive to conservative treatment procedures. After the meniscectomy, permanent disk replacement can be followed. Variable materials have been introduced for disk replacement. Of them, relatively harder replacing materials should have been fixed with surgical wire only. This poor fixation method provide inadequate retentive force and conclusively can be attributed to postoperative noise, poor prognosis. We tried to use biocompatible fibrin adhesive in order to obtain additional fixation force in the method above mentioned and treated two patients with the late stage of internal derangement of disk In both cases, satisfactory results were obtained.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 1989

This is a retrospective study on 219 patients with mandibular fracture. The patients were treated in the Dept. of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery of WON KWANG UNIV. HOSPITAL from Aug. 1, 1984 to Sept. 30. 1988. The results were as follows. 1. The mandibular fractures occured most frequently in the twenties(35%) and male were predominant (74.7%) than females. 2. The most frequent etiologic factor was traffic accident(34.3%). 3. The most common location of fracture was symphysis(37.1%). And angle(27.6%), condyle(25.7%), ramus(1.6%) were next in order of frequency. 4. In mandible fracture, they have an average 1.8 fracture line. 5. The use of plate & screw system were more increased in the comparison of each year. 6. Intermaxillary fixation period was more reduced from the concept of 6 weeks fixation, due to the use of Plate & screw system. 7. Postoperative acute wound infection was developed 9.6% in 219 mandibular fracture patients. The compression osteosynthesis was most common cause of acute wound infection than any other treatment method. 8. Postoperative malocclusion was developed 4% in 219 mandibular fracture. And the compression osteosynthesis was most common cause of malocclusion. 9. Acute wound infection was detailed by the approach method. The Intraoral & extraoral combination method was most common cause on acute infection and intraoral, extraoral approach method was next in order of frequency. 10. Normal mouth opening process was proportioned to IMF period. The short IMF period have a fast normal mouth opening process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1995

Weak persistence of white clover （Trifolium repens L.） under continuous grazing has been limited its availability in the mixture with grasses. The experiment was done to determine the effect of defoliation interval on $N_2$ fixation. nitrogen and carbohydrate partitioning of contrasting white clover cultivars. Individual plants of Osceola（large leaf）, Grasslands Huia （me-dium leaf）, and Aberystwyth S184 （small leaf） were grown in 15cm plastic pot containing a 1：2：1 soil：sand：Promix mixture for 55 days, and then clipped to remove all fully expanded leaves every 7, 14 or 28 days. To measure the cultivar response, plants were sampled immediately before final harvest （0） and on 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after the final harvest, and then seperated leaves and petioles, stolons and roots for chemical analysis. Total nonstructural carbohydrate （TNC） concentrations of stolons and roots, and nitrogen con-centration of all the fractions inclined with increased defoliation interval. Those of Osceola, large leaved, were greater than the other cultivars showing different partitioning patterns between stolons and roots. Concentration of TNC was less in roots than in the other fractions while that of nitrogen declined in the order of leaves and petioles, roots and stolons. $N_2$ fixation rate of larger leaved cultivar, Osceola, was higher than that of smaller leaved cultivar. TNC and nitrogen concentrations of all the fractions and $N_2$ fixation rate were reduced as defoliation was imposed, defoliation interval declined or regrowing period become shorter. The partitioning patterns of TNC and nitrogen among the fractions were modified by defoliation interval and cultivars.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1989

The is a retrospective study on the transoral approach to open reduction of the Mandibular fractures. Our study was based on a series of 64 patients with mandibular fractures among 99 patients of facial bone fractures who had been treated by transoral approach with or without extraoral approach at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University from January 1981 to October 1988. We studied favorite sites of open reduction, fixation methods, results and prognosis related to transoral approaches of Mandibular fractures, and which compared with extraoral approaches. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The transoral open reduction was used more frequently in Mandibular fractures(64.6%) than Midfacial bone fractures(35.4%). Among 64 patients of mandibular fractures, 47 patients(73.4%) were treated only by transoral approach and others(26.6%) were treated by both trans- and extra-oral approach. Among 92 sites of mandibular fractures, 75 sites(81.5%) were treated by transoral approach and 17(18.5%) were treated by extraoral approach. 2. The most favorite site for transoral approach compared with extraoral approach was Symphysis(100%), and Angle(62.5%) was next in order of frequency on Mandibular fractures. 3. Direct Interosseous Wiring(DIW) was most commonly used for fixation(64.6%) and Miniplate osteosynthesis was used next in 28.1%. 4. Simple(39.1%) and Compound(52.2%) fractures were frequently indicated for transoral approach, however comminuted fractures were rarely indicated. 5. The direction of fracture lines on Angle of the mandible did not influence to determine whether transoral approach should be selected or not. However this area seemed to be more difficult to reduce exactly by transoral procedure than other areas because simultaneous superior and inferior fixation was applied predominantly on this area. 6. The success rate of reduction and fixation analyzed from us was more excellent in Direct Interosseous Wiring(29/53=54.7%) than in Rigid Internal Fixation(9/29=31.0%). But it might be depended upon various factors as like as sugeon's skill. 7. The postoperative complication due to transoral open reduction of mandible was not high(12.0%) and this rate was similar with other published reports.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.679-685
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• 2014

Background Frontal sinus fractures, particularly anterior sinus fractures, are relatively common facial fractures. Many agree on the general principles of frontal fracture management; however, the optimal methods of reduction are still controversial. In this article, we suggest a simple reduction method using a subbrow incision as a treatment for isolated anterior sinus fractures. Methods Between March 2011 and March 2014, 13 patients with isolated frontal sinus fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through a subbrow incision. The subbrow incision line was designed to be precisely at the lower margin of the brow in order to obtain an inconspicuous scar. A periosteal incision was made at 3 mm above the superior orbital rim. The fracture site of the frontal bone was reduced, and bone fixation was performed using an absorbable plate and screws. Results Contour deformities were completely restored in all patients, and all patients were satisfied with the results. Scars were barely visible in the long-term follow-up. No complications related to the procedure, such as infection, uncontrolled sinus bleeding, hematoma, paresthesia, mucocele, or posterior wall and brain injury were observed. Conclusions The subbrow approach allowed for an accurate reduction and internal fixation of the fractures in the anterior table of the frontal sinus by providing a direct visualization of the fracture. Considering the surgical success of the reduction and the rigid fixation, patient satisfaction, and aesthetic problems, this transcutaneous approach through a subbrow incision is concluded to be superior to the other reduction techniques used in the case of an anterior table frontal sinus fracture.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.381-389
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• 2013

In order to study the effect of organic fertilizer on dry matter (DM) yield, nitrogen fixation and transfer from pea to barley, an experiment was carried out from May to June in 2008 in Incheon. A completely randomized block design with three replications was used for the experiment and one reference plot assigned each treatment for nitrogen fixation evaluation. Seeding mixture was 40kg barley and 80kg pea per ha. N rate of 40, 80 and 120kg/ha as organic fertilizer was applied at seeding. The equivalent of 1kg per ha as $(15NH_4)_2SO_4$ Solution at 99.8 atom N was applied to the plots ($30{\times}20cm$) at mid April. Forage was harvested from each plot in ripening stage at ground level and separated into barley and pea. Nitrogen fixation was 32.4%, 23.4% and 0% at three different organic N levels. Transfer rate were from 47.6% to 21.8% in difference method and 24.6% and 21.4% on $^{15}N$ dilution method. N Transfer amount were from 92.8kg/ha to 41.9kg/ha on difference method and 47.3kg in the 40kg N plots and 49.7kg in the 80kg N plots on $^{15}N$ dilution method but there was no N transfer in 120kg N organic fertilizer plots. Benefit from increased organic fertilizer was not clear in terms of nitrogen fixation and transfer from pea to barley in barley and pea mixtures.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 1983

Effects of nitrogen applied to grown alone and in mixture with grass and legumes of forage crops on the yield of dry matter, absorptivity, and the amount of nitrogen fixation were studied using $^{15}N$ ammonium sulfate. 1. The amount of nitrogen fixation in legume was decreased in order of alfalfa > red clover > birdsfoot trefoil, and red clover gave highest soil-nitrogen dependency. 2. Fertilizer nitrogen for the yield of dry matter was highly effective only in orchardgrass, and effective at the early stages of alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil in case of a mixed sowing. 3. Alone and mixed sewings showed the yield of dry matter in decreasing order of alfalfa > red clover > orchardgrass > birdsfoot trefoil and orchardgrass + alfalfa > orchardgrass + red clover > orchardgrass + birdsfoot trefoil, respectively. 4. The plot of with nitrogen showed greater nitrogen uptake than the plot of without-nitrogen throughout the plots. In case of grown alone, however, difference in the absorptivity of various forage crops was decreased in order of alfalfa > red clover > orchardgrass > birdsfoot trefoil. 5. Regardless of nitrogen application, nitrogen uptake amount of orchardgrass was higher in the plot of mixture then in the plot grown alone, except the with nitrogen plot of red clover grown in mixture at the ratio of 3 : 7.