• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2018

This study aims to explain the difficulties children with articulation and phonological disorders have in producing alveolar fricative sounds. The study will perform a comparative analysis revealing how ordinary children produce alveolar fricative sounds through five different acoustic variables, and consequently identifying objective differences, compared to children with articulation and phonological disorders. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the differences between 10 children with articulation and phonological disorders and 10 ordinary children according to a phonation type of alveolar fricative sounds (/s/ and /$s^*$), a type of vowel (/i/, /ε/, /u/, /o/, /ɯ/, /ʌ/, /ɑ/), and a structure of syllables (CV, VCV) through acoustic variables including a central moment, skewness, kurtosis, a center of gravity and variance. That is, children with articulation and phonological disorders, when compared to ordinary children, have difficulties with concentrating an agile and momentary friction with strength when articulating alveolar fricative sounds, which uses strong energy and accompany tension. Furthermore, the values of alveolar fricative sounds of children with articulation and phonological disorders appeared to spread evenly over the average range, which means that the range of overall the standard deviation values for children with functional phonological disorders is wider than that of ordinary children. For a future study, if the mispronounced sounds relating to omission, substitution, and addition can be compared and analyzed for various target groups, it could be used effectively to help children with functional phonological disorders.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2015

This study aims to rediscover the meaning and value of Soswaewon construction represented in Kim In-Hu's 48 poems on the basis of the concept and idea of soundscape. It classified the landscape resources through the various emotional elements such as the sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste, and warmth described in the 48 poems of Soswaewon, and also interpreted the meaning and value of Soswaewon construction. Appreciating various sounds of Soswaewon, Kim In-Hu understood a sound as an important element of the landscape. Also, he abundantly wrote down the interesting changes of Soswaewon which vary depending on time or seasons. The 48 poems contain the scent and feel of Soswaewon as well as the soundscapes which can be heard with ears. A variety of sounds heard in Soswaewon are the whole senses which are combined with the chill of Soswaewon, the fragrance of trees and the mystery of the mountain, etc, and they mean the wider world much more than the value of physical sounds. Soundscapes of Soswaewon are becoming an emotional space which intactly conveys not only the musical inspiration but also the scent of life to us.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2012

The oscillometric method and Korotkoff sound method are the most common ways to measure the blood pressure. A new automatic blood pressure measurement device, which uses both oscillometric method and Korotkoff method, was developed. A pressure sensor was used to obtain cuff pressure and oscillation signal, and a microphone was used to detect Korotkoff sounds. Forty-five measurements from fifteen subjects were used for analysis. Correlation coefficients between the traditional auscultatory method and Korotkoff sound method were 0.9820 and 0.9721 for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, respectively. Standard deviations of differences for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 1.3019 and 1.4495, respectively. Correspondingly, correlation coefficients between the traditional auscultatory method and oscillometric method using newly developed algorithm were 0.9651 and 0.9136 for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, with the standard deviations of 1.42 and 1.73, respectively. The results showed that the newly developed algorithm for oscillometirc method provide accurate blood pressure values, moreover, Korotkoff sound method using microphone provides even higher accuracy. Therefore, a new automatic device which utilizes both oscillometric method and Korotkoff sound method would provide the accurate and reliable blood pressure values.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the effect of office layouts and ambient office sounds on the performance of office workers involved with a proof-reading test (simple task). Twenty subjects, who were professional researchers and computer programmers, were from three different office layouts: 1) Nine subjects from a combined office type with open meeting places and closed individual offices; 2) five from an open office with rectangular individual workstations, and 3) six from an open office with triangular individual workstations. Architects and consultants working in the field of office have reported from interviews and their own observations that occupants' satisfaction differs as their office layouts vary although the sizes are the same. This finding leads to the hypothesis of this experiment. Proof-reading test results were obtained from three different office layouts (combined office type, rectangular and triangular individual workstations in open offices) under two different sound conditions (quiet background sound and ambient sound of their own workplace) for 10 minutes. The test analysis shows the mean test score of subjects from the triangular individual workstations in open offices is significantly different from the mean test scores of subjects from the combined office type and the rectangular individual workstations in open offices.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to classify apparel fabrics according to rustling sounds and to analyze their transformed colors and mechanical properties. The rustling sounds of apparel fabrics were recorded and then transformed into colors using Mori's color-transforming program. The specimens were clustered into five groups according to sound properties, and each group was named as 'Silky', 'Crispy', 'Paper-like', 'Worsted', and 'Flaxy', respectively. The Silky consisted of smooth and soft silk fabrics had the lowest value of LPT, $\Delta$f ARC, loudness(z) and sharpness(z). Their transformed colors showed lots of red portion and color counts. The Crispy with crepe fabrics showed relatively low loudness(z) and sharpness(z), but diverse colors and color counts were appeared. The Paper-like showed the highest value of LPT, $\Delta$f and loudness(z). The Worsted composed of wool and wool-like fabrics showed high values of LPT, $\Delta$f loudness(z) and sharpness(z). The transformed colors of the Paper-like and Worsted showed the blue mostly but color counts were less than the others. The Flaxy with rugged flax fabric had the highest fluctuation strength, and their transformed colors showed diversity.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.131-142
• /
• 2004

Speaker identification system basically functions by comparing spectral energy of an individual production model with that of an input signal. This study aimed to develop a new speaker identification system from two parameters from the spectral energy of numeric sounds: difference sum and correlation coefficient. A narrow-band spectrogram yielded more stable spectral energy across time than a wide-band one. In this paper, we collected empirical data from four male speakers and tested the speaker identification system. The subjects produced 18 combinations of three-digit numeric. sounds !en times each. Five productions of each three-digit number were statistically averaged to make a model for each speaker. Then, the remaining five productions were tested on the system. Results showed that when the threshold for the absolute difference sum was set to 1200, all the speakers could not pass the system while everybody could pass if set to 2800. The minimum correlation coefficient to allow all to pass was 0.82 while the coefficient of 0.95 rejected all. Thus, both threshold levels can be adjusted to the need of speaker identification system, which is desirable for further study.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.249-258
• /
• 2003

This study attempted to examine a speaker identification method using difference sum and correlation coefficient determined from a pair of intensity level matrices of band-pass-filtered numeric sounds produced by ten female speakers of similar age and height. Subjects recorded three digit numbers at a quiet room at a sampling rate of 22 kHz on a personal computer. Collected data were band-pass-filtered at five different band ranges. Then, matrices of five intensity levels at 100 proportional time points were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients and the sum of absolute intensity differences between a pair of given matrices were determined within and across the speakers. Results showed that very high correlation coefficient and small difference sum generally occurred within each speaker but some individual variation was also observed. Thus, the matrix pair with a higher coefficient and a smaller difference sum was averaged to form each individual's model. Comparison among the speakers yielded generally low coefficients and large differences, which suggests successful speaker identification, but among them there were a few cases with very high coefficients and small differences. Future studies will focus on finer band ranges and additional spectral parameters at some peak points of the intensity contour at a low frequency band.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.159-162
• /
• 1995

Five patients underwent surgery to treat velopharyngeal incompetence with an inferiorly based pharyngeal flap, and were evaluated postoperatively with a nasoendoscopy. In all patients, velopharyngeal closure occurred during speech of fricative sounds and swallowing. During speech of closed vowel sounds, patients younger than 10 years of age, compared with patients more than 20 years of age, demonstrated a grater improvement in velopharyngeal closure postoperatively. The present study supported the concept that an early pharyngoplasty should be made to obtain improved speech and articulation.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.980-987
• /
• 2005

It is very difficult to reduce ambient noise level in the downtown. The best method is to improve the sound amenity of the districts, considering concept of soundscape. This study aims to survey the effect of introducing sound and masking to reduce the background noise level. We carried out the evaluating test for 18 introducing sounds varied S/N ratio(-5, 0, +5) in the city riverside. In these test, subjects evaluated the sound environment with five bipolar adjective scales. It was evaluated that introducing sounds improved the sound environment, and that S/N +5 dB was very appropriate to mask the background noise. But the hearing level was suggested to be S/N 0 dB or less.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.607-610
• /
• 2005

It is very difficult to reduce traffic noise level in the downtown. The best method is to improve the sound amenity of the districts, considering concept of soundscape. ?his study aims to survey the effect of introducing sound and masking to reduce the background noise level. We carried out the evaluating test for 18 introducing sounds varied S/N ratio(-5, 0, +5) in the city riverside. In these test, subjects evaluated the sound environment with five bipolar adjective scales. It was evaluated that introducing sounds improved the sound environment and that S/N + 5dB was very appropriate to mask the background noise. But the hearing level was suggested to be S/N 0 dB or less.