• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2022

Objective : To evaluate the surgical outcomes of partial pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PPSO) in patients with thoracolumbar fractures and compare the outcomes of PPSO for burst fractures with those for posttraumatic kyphosis (PTK). Methods : From June 2013 to May 2019, 20 consecutive adult patients underwent PPSO for thoracolumbar fractures at the levels of T10 to L2. Of these patients, 10 underwent surgery for acute fractures (burst fractures), and 10 for sequelae of thoracolumbar fractures (PTK). Outcomes of PPSO were evaluated and compared between the groups. Results : Twenty patients (each 10 patients of burst fractures and PTK) with a mean age of 64.7±11.1 years were included. The mean follow-up period was 21.8±11.0 months. The mean correction of the thoracolumbar angle was -34.9°±18.1° (from 37.8°±20.5°preoperatively to 2.8°±15.2° postoperatively). The mean angular correction at the PPSO site was -38.4°±13.6° (from 35.5°±13.6° preoperatively to -2.9°±14.1° postoperatively). The mean preoperative sagittal vertical axis was 93.5±6.7 cm, which was improved to 37.6±35.0 cm postoperatively. The mean preoperative kyphotic angle at the PPSO site was significant greater in patients with PTK (44.8°±7.2°) than in patients with burst fractures (26.2°±12.2°, p=0.00). However, the mean postoperative PPSO angle did not differ between the two groups (-5.9°±15.7° in patients with burst fractures and 0.2°±12.4° in those with PTK, p=0.28). The mean angular correction at the PPSO site was significantly greater in patients with PTK (-44.6°±10.7°) than in those with burst fractures (-32.1°±13.7°, p=0.04). The mean operation time was 188.1±37.6 minutes, and the mean amount of surgical bleeding was 1030.0±533.2 mL. There were seven cases of perioperative complications occurred in five patients (25%), including one case (5%) of neurological deficit. The operation time, surgical bleeding, and complication rates did not differ between groups. Conclusion : In cases of burst fracture, PPSO provided enough spinal cord decompression without corpectomy and produced sagittal correction superior to that achieved with corpectomy. In case of PTK, PPSO achieved satisfactory curve correction comparable to that achieved with conventional PSO, with less surgical time, less blood loss, and lower complication rates. PPSO could be a viable surgical option for both burst fractures and PTK.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-73
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• 1995

An Effect of Muscle Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Recent statistics shows that the aged are the fastest growing segment of our population by increasing life span. The age group of over 60 shows multiple health problems and the most serious handicapping problem of these. are related to the changes in muscular skeletal system. With aging, people lose. their muscle mass and muscle strength resulting from biological changes and physical inactivity. Studies documented a 30-50% loss of muscle mass in an advanced age and thus, ordinary life activities can be seriously affected due to weakened muscle strength. Preservation of muscle strength of lower limb is especially important in the aged. Since it is readily affected from reduced physical activity in old age, sometimes to the detriment of moving or walking. So muscle strength exercise program designed for the elderly to improve leg muscle strength and leg muscle endurance. The research design used was nonequivalent control group pretest - protest design. The purposes of this study were to test the effect of muscle strength exercise program utilizing Leg Press on muscle strength, muscle endurance, instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), cognitive perceptual variables and quality of life. Forty nine subjects participating in this study consisted of twenty four male and twenty five female. Twenty four experimental group subjects were selected from C-institution in Chung Buk province, and twenty five control group subjects were selected from O-institution in Chung Nam province. The mean age of subjects was 72.8 years. Muscle strength training program utilizing Leg Press for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 9 weeks. The data was collected from August, 1993 to October, 1993. Data were analyzed with $X^2-test$, t-test, ANCOVA test, Kruskal Wallis 1-Way ANOVA test using SPSS PC program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The experimental group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength (leg lift strength, back lift strength and grip strength) and muscle endurance than control group after the experiment $\ulcorner$F=52.35(p=.001), F=54.07(p=.001), F=6.97(p=.011), F=18.17(p=.001)$\lrcorner$ 2) Experimental group were significantly higher scores on IADL than control group(F=7.51, p=.009). 3) Experimental group showed significantly higher scores on economical state and self esteem aspects of the quality of life scale than control group $\ulcorner$F=10.59(p=.002), F=6.97(p=.011)$\lrcorner$. But there were no differences in emotional state, physical and functional state and relationship with reatives in the quality of life between groups. 4) Scores on IADL showed a significant difference with the level of muscle strength and muscle endurance $\ulcornerx^2=7.73(p=.025),\;x^2=8.86\;(p=.011)\lrcorner$ 5) Scores on self esteem and physical and functional state aspects of the quality of life scale showed a significant difference with the level of IADL $\ulcornerx^2=11.39(p=.003),\;x^2=9.02(p=.011)\lrcorner$. 6) Scores of experimental group after the experiment in cognitive perceptual variables (perceived benefit on exercise, perceived health status, self efficacy, emotion on exercise) were significantly higher than those of control group $\ulcorner$F=32.09(p=.001), F=5.07(p=.029), F=20.63 (p=.001), F=30.38(p=.001)$\lrcorner$. As a result of this study, the effect of strength training exercise program with Leg. Press had improved muscle strength, muscle endurance, IADL, and the perception of self esteem, physical and funtional state, and economical state. Thus strength training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disablity and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely. The subjects in the experimental group have maintained their exercises till six months after the cessation of the experiment. This seem to illustrate that changes in cognitive perceptual variables and the improvement in health status have reinforced motivation for the continuation of voluntary exercises. A further study is necessary to determine the factors affecting maintainance of muscle strength exercise and to assess the effect of weight training program on bone density.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.826-831
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• 2005

목 적 : 객관적이고 표준화된 검사(BSID-II)를 통해 단독 태아 경뇌실확장증의 임상적 예후를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 6월부터 2002년 5월까지 본원에서 출생한 만삭아중 산전 초음파에서 다른 동반 기형이 없는 10-15 mm 정도의 단독 경뇌실확장증의 소견은 107례에서 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이 중 외래에서 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 40명과, 성별, 연령, 임신주수, 출생체중이 유사한 대조군 34명을 대상으로 발달 검사를 시행하였고 그 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 단독 경뇌실확장증군 40명 중 남아가 21명, 여아가 19명이었고, 12 mm 미만은 35명, 12 mm 이상은 5명이었다. 산전 혹은 출생 후 초음파 추적 관찰시 감소되거나 그대로인 경우가 35명, 진행된 경우가 5명이었고, 일측성 뇌실확장이 25명, 양측성인 경우가 15명이었다. 단독 경뇌실확장군 중 발달지연은 11명(27.5%)이었고 이 중 경미한 발달지연은 10명(25%), 의미있는 심한 발달지연은 1명(2.5%)이었고 대조군 중 경미한 발달지연은 5명(14.7%), 심한 발달지연은 1명(2.9%)이었으며 발달지연을 보인 단독 경뇌실확장군의 91%와 대조군의 80%가 경미한 발달지연이었다. 단독 경뇌실확장군의 발달 검사 평균점수는 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다; MDI($92.75{\pm}12.95$ vs $94.71{\pm}14.14$, P=0.47), PDI($100.33{\pm}14.14$ vs $101.27{\pm}10.70$, P=0.75). 뇌실확장이 소실되거나 진행되지 않는 경우, 뇌실 크기가 12 mm 이하, 그리고 여아인 경우 발달 검사 평균점수는 더 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 양측성과 일측성의 여부는 발달정도와 관련이 없었다. 결 론 : 산전 초음파 검사에서 단독 경뇌실확장증을 보인 경우 발달 검사에서 정상 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 단독 경뇌실확장증이 있는 경우 경미한 발달지연의 위험성을 보일 경향이 더 높은 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

목적: 연골 모세포종은 드문 원발성 양성 골종양으로 대부분이 장관골의 골단에 호발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 19례의 환자를 대상으로 골단과 견인골단에 발생한 연골모세포종을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1987년 8월부터 2005년 8월까지 연골모세포종으로 치료 받은 19례의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 평균 추시기간은 5년이었다. 발생 연령은 평균 17.6세였으며 남자가 15명, 여자가 4명이었다. 수술적 치료로는 소파술, 소파술 및 골이식술, 소파술 및 시멘트 충전술을 시행하였다. 후향적 연구 방법을 통해 골단과 견인골단에 발생한 연골 모세포종에서 발생 연령, 증상의 기간, 종양의 크기, 성장판의 개폐여부, 병적골절여부, 재발여부 및 동맥류성 골낭종의 동반여부 등의 차이를 분석하였다. 결과: 발생부위는 골단이 11례, 견인골단이 8례였다. 골단에 발생한 경우는 대퇴골 원위부가, 견인골단은 대퇴골 대전자가 가장 많았다. 평균 발생 연령은 골단이 14.2세, 견인골단이 22.3세로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 골단에 발생한 11례중 3례에서는 성장판 유합후에 발생하였으며, 견인골단에서는 전례(100%)에서 유합후에 발생하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 종양의 크기는 견인골단에 발생한 경우 통계적으로 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 연골 모세포종은 주로 장관골의 골단에 호발하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 20세 이상에서는 견인골단에서 주로 발생하여 진단에 주의를 요한다. 두 그룹간 발생 연령, 성장판의 개폐여부 및 종양의 크기가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며 증상의 기간, 병적골절, 재발, 동맥류성 골낭종의 동반여부에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of classic heat stroke in Korea and to identify factors of prognosis for heat stroke by comparing a survival group with a non-survival group. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 27 patients with heat stroke who visited the Emergency Department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from March 2001 to February 2005. First, we divided the patients into two groups, the classic heat stroke group and the exertional heat stroke group, and compared them. Second, we compared the survival group with the non-survival group. Age, sex, cause, place where patients were found, underlying diseases, cooling time, performance of endotracheal intubation, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, initial vital sign, and laboratory findings were reviewed. Results: Five of 27 patients in heat stroke died. The classic heat stroke group had 20 patients. They were old and had more patients in the bathroom than the exertional heat stroke group had. The non-survival group showed lower blood pressure, lower initial GCS score, and higher respiratory rate than the survival group. In laboratory findings, the non-survival group also showed lower$HCO_3-$ level, lower albumin level, lower glucose level, more prolonged PT, and higher CK-MB level than the survival group. Delay in recognition of heat stroke and cooling were poor prognostic factors in heat stroke. Conclusion: The classic heat stroke group had patients who were old and found in the bathroom. Early recognition and treatment of heat stroke is important to reduce mortality. Cooling time, initial GCS score, mean arterial pressure, resipratory rate, $HCO_3-$, PT, CK-MB, and albumin seem to be meaningful when forming a prognosis for heat stroke patients.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to develop a Dietary Education Program focused on Slow Life (DEPSL) and verified its effectiveness in elementary school children using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The DEPSL was developed effectively according to the systematic program development model, ADDIE. The developed DEPSL was applied to the Education group (EDU), which was total of 130 students aged 12-13 in an elementary school by trained instructors for five weeks. The control group (CON) composed of 100 students of the same age was not given any dietary education. Pre- and post- questionnaires were collected from the students in both groups to compare the change in students' dietary life during educational intervention between EDU and CON. EDU showed significant positive effects in all extended TPB variables (p< .01), but CON showed a significant difference only in the 'knowledge' and 'behavior intention' (p< .05). In addition, the extended TPB model verified its conformity to determine if the effect of education leads to a change in the children's behavior. In conclusion, the DEPSL has a positive impacts on dietary life in school children. Nevertheless, further research will be needed to develop various and specialized dietary education programs with different level of grades in other school areas.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.729-733
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• 2001

Objective : Antifibrinolytic treatment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has been shown to have no significant effect on outcome since a reduction in the rate of rebleeding was offset by an increase in the incidence of hydrocephalus and ischemic events. As the results of early aneurysm surgery and a change of strategy in the intensive medical treatment, outcome in patients with cerebral ischemia has been improved. On the other hand, rebleeding still remains as a major cause of death. A short course of tranexamic acid(TA) was tried to study its efficacy and safety in reducing the incidence of rebleeding before aneurysm surgery. Methods : A total of 507 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm operated within 3 days after the attack from 1990 to 1999 were included in this study. Group A consisted of 302 consecutive patients treated from 1990 through 1995 served as control. Two hundred-five patients in group B were treated with TA from 1996 through 1999. Both groups were evaluated for comparability of demographic and clinical variables including age, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade, aneurysm location, hypertension, day of surgery, and initial hydrocephalus. The relationships of TA with rebleeding, ischemia, and chronic hydrocephalus were also studied. Results : There was no significant difference in patient demographics and clinical characteristics between group A and group B. Sixteen patients(5.3%) suffered a recurrent hemorrhage in group A and three(1.5%) in group B(p<0.05). Chronic hydrocephalus requiring a shunt was found in a significantly greater proportion in group B than in group A(p<0.05). The incidence of cerebral ischemia was not elevated in group B compared with group A. Conclusion : Considering the fact that the reduction of fatal rebleeding outweighed the increased incidence of hydrocephalus, the authors believe that a short course of TA is beneficial in diminishing the risk of rebleeding prior to early surgical intervention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8259-8263
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• 2014

Aims: To determine the clinical characteristics, pathological features, local and distant failure patterns in patients with carcinoma of major salivary glands treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 106 cases of major salivary gland tumor seen at our centre (1998-2008). Sixty five cases of major salivary gland carcinoma were selected for analysis (exclusions: benign, palliative, non-carcinomas). The patient population treated by surgery and PORT was divided into two groups: 1) Patients who underwent surgery and immediate PORT (Primary PORT); 2) Patients with recurrent carcinoma who underwent at least two surgeries and received PORT in the immediate post-operative period of the last performed surgery (Recurrent PORT). Recurrence free survival (RFS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Median age was 35 years with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of cancers were located in the parotid gland (86.2%) and the most common histology was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (43%). Thirty nine cases (60%) were primary while 26 (40%) were recurrent. Optimal surgery was performed in 59/65 patients (90.8%). 43 patients (66.2%) underwent neck dissection, of which 14 (32.5%) had nodal metastasis. Overall, 61 (93.8%) patients complied with the prescribed radiotherapy. Median dose of PORT was 60 Gy. Median follow-up was 13.1 months (range 2-70). Relapse free survival was 50.4% at 60 months. Some 12 cases (18.5%) recurred with a median time to recurrence of 16.9 months. Conclusions: Surgery and PORT is an effective treatment for major salivary gland carcinoma with over 90% compliance and <20% recurrence. Early treatment with postoperative radiotherapy may increase the survival rate in major salivary gland carcinoma patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3799-3804
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• 2013

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Malaysia. The prognosis of the disease is excellent if detected at an early stage, but the majority of Malaysian patients present at late stages. We aimed to assess the awareness of cancer warning signs and anticipated delay in help-seeking as possible contributors to this phenomenon. Materials and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey using the Colorectal Cancer Awareness Measure was initiated in Perak, Malaysia. A total of 2,379 respondents aged 18 years and above were recruited using a multi-stage sampling in five locations. Analysis of covariance was used to examine independent sociodemographic predictors of scores for symptom awareness. Results: Younger age, being female, a higher education, and higher income were significantly associated with better scores for both recall and recognition of warning symptoms. Among the ethnic groups, Malays had better recognition of symptoms whereas Chinese recalled the most symptoms. Passing bloody stool was associated with the least anticipated delay and unexplained anal pain had the highest anticipated delay. Conclusions: The level of awareness across all ethnicities in Malaysia is generally low, especially among minorities. Targeted public education, which is culturally and linguistically appropriate, should be developed to encourage early help-seeking and improve clinical outcomes.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the prevalence and type of urinary incontinence (UI) after a stroke, to find the differences in urinary symptoms according to continence or incontinence, and to find the degree of impact of UI on daily life. Method: For data collection, we had a structured interview with a questionnaire. The subjects were 239 post stroke patients. Results: Among the subjects(mean age: $65{\pm}10$), 66.1 percent had an infarction, and 25.5 percent had a hemorrhage. And 26.4 percent of subjects were within 2 weeks and 28.9 percent from 1 year to 5 years since their episodes of a stroke. Forty five point six percent of subjects had various types of UI: urge 25.7 percent, stress 14.7 percent, functional 20.2 percent, and mixed 39.4 percent. There were significant differences in frequency, nocturia, decreased stream, and incomplete emptying between the incontinent and continent groups. Subjects reported UI influenced various aspect of daily life, 54.1 percent as cause of distress, 53.2 percent on overall quality of life, and 40.4 percent on sleep. The Mixed UI, including urge UI, had higher impact on daily life than others. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of UI, mixed, urge, and functional type as most prevalent, and it had a strong impact on daily life of post stroke patients.