• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.284-294
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• 2018

Statistical methods have been widely used to estimate the remaining battery runtime of mobile smart devices, such as smart phones, smart gears, tablets, and etc. However, existing work available in the literature only considers a particular statistical method. Thus, it is difficult to determine whether statistical methods are applicable to estimating thr remaining battery runtime of mobile devices or not. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of statistical methods applicable to estimating the remaining battery runtime of mobile smart devices. The statistical estimation methods evaluated in this paper are as follows: simple and moving average, linear regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, auto regressive, polynomial curve fitting, and double and triple exponential smoothing methods. Research results presented in this paper give valuable data of insight to IT engineers who are willing to deploy statistical methods on estimating the remaining battery runtime of mobile smart devices.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.587-597
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• 1998

In this study, the Periotest value was measured with Periotest to evaluate precision fit of the 2-unit and 3-unit implant-supported prosthesis by modifying the size and location of ill-fitted conditions. The 2-unit prosthesis was fabricated with the right implant fitted incorrectly and the 3-unit prosthesis with the right and center implant fitted incorrectly. To evaluate the effects of the ill-fitted sizes, 4 groups were divided.:The control group being the accurately fabricated sample group fitted properly. Group 1 was constructed with $40{\mu}m$ ill-fitted conditions, group 2 with $70{\mu}m$ and group 3 with $100{\mu}m$ ill-fitted conditions. The Periotest value was measured at each implant site after tightening 10Ncm. The result was follows : 1. The PTV on the ill-fitted area in the 2-unit implant-supported prosthesis increased as the ill-fitted conditions increased. There was a statistically significant difference among groups(p<0.05). In the same ill-fitted sample, the PTV depending on the measured location demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) 2. The PTV on the ill-fitted area of the 3-unit implant-supported with an ill-fitted condition in the right implant increased as the ill-fitted conditions increased. There was a significant difference among groups (p<0.05). In the same ill-fitted sample, the PTV depending on the measured location demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). 3. In the 3-unit implant-supported prosthesis with ill fitting conditions in the center implant, the PTV on the ill-fitted area demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the control group, group 1 and group 2 (p<0.05). In the same ill-fitted sample, the PTV depending on the measured location demonstrated significant difference between the gap side and the adjacent side with over $70{\mu}m$ ill-fitted conditions (p<0.05). The results suggest that Periotest is a valuable objective method for evaluating the precision fit of an implant superstructure.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.39-58
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• 2004

After SERVQUAL was proposed as a measure of perceived service quality, several arguments have been made against its validity and some competing measures have been developed. This paper reviews those controversies. Particularly, it compares the concept of expectation in the research of service quality with that in the research of satisfaction, re-purchase intention and suggests the authors' opinion. In addition, the paper suggests sequential casual relations among expectation, perceived performance and perceived service quality. With the help of previous researches concerning "SERVQUAL" and the related topics, six variables concerning travel services were identified. The six variables are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurances, empathy and costs. Seven hypotheses were developed using these variables. The review of literature covers service's concept, model and method of service quality evaluation, and relationship among the concepts which is related to the service quality. The results of our study suggest further research is necessary to clarify which one is a better tool because we have a conflicting research outcome in terms of model fitting. The study also shows that assurances and costs have positive effect on customer satisfaction. It also turned out that customer satisfaction has positive effect on repurchase intention.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2018

To obtain denture retention, support, and stability in Class III edentulous cases with flat alveolar ridges and extensive flabby tissue is very difficult. The patient was a 72-year-old male who wore ill-fitting 20 year old dentures made by non-medical institutions. There was flabby tissue on the maxillary anterior ridge. The patient showed Angle Class III skeletal relationship with severe protruded mandible. First, temporary dentures were fabricated to restore the masticatory function, and final dentures were made through non- pressure impression technique and careful the arrangement of the posterior resin teeth. Improvement of the retention and stability of the denture during the occlusal force application is reported.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.17-29
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• 2016

To develop baseball catcher leg guards, 3-dimensional (3D) methodologies, which are 3D human body data, reverse engineering, modeling, and printing, optimized guard design for representative positions. Optimization was based on analysis of 3D body surface data and subjective evaluation using 3D printing products. Reverse engineering was used for analysis and modeling based on data in three postures: standing, $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion, and $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion. During knee flexion, vertical skin length increased, with the thigh and knee larger in anterior area compared to the horizontal dimension. Moreover, $120^{\circ}$ knee flexion posture had a high radius of curvature in knee movement. Therefore, guard designs were based on increasing rates of skin deformation and numerical values of radius of curvature. Guards were designed with 3-part zoning at the thigh, knee, and shin. Guards 1 and 2 had thigh and knee boundaries allowing vertical skin length deformation because the shape of thigh and knee significantly affects to its performance. Guard 2 was designed with a narrower thigh and wider knee area than guard 1. The guards were manufactured as full-scale products on a 3D printer. Both guards fit better in sitting than standing position, and guard 2 received better evaluations than guard 1. Additional modifications were made and an optimized version (guard 3) was tested. Guard 3 showed the best fit. A design approach based on 3D data effectively determines best fitting leg guards, and 3D printing technology can customize guard design through immediate feedback from a customer.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.313-322
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• 2000

Objectives : To estimate mumps incidence during the study period and to evaluate the completeness of case reporting. Methods : Capture-recapture methods, originally developed for counting wildlife animals, were used. The data sources were 1) the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System (NNCDRS; 848 cases), 2) the School Health Reporting System, temporarily administered by the Division of Education (SHRS; 1,026 cases), and 3) a survey of students (785 cases). We estimated the number of unobserved mumps cases by matching the three data sources and fitting loglinear models to the data. We then determined the estimated total number of mumps cases by adding this to the number of observed cases. Completeness was defined as the proportion of observed cases from each source to the total of estimated cases. Results : The total number of observed cases was 1,844 and the total number of estimated cases was 1,935 (95%, CI: $1,878\sim2,070$). The overall completeness was 43.8% of the NNCDRS, 53.0% of the SHRS, and 40.6% of the survey. However, completeness varied by area and age. Conclusion : Although the completeness of NNCDRS data appeared higher than in the past, it is difficult to generalize this result In Korea, it is possible to estimate the size of health hazards relatively cheaply and quickly, by applying capture-recapture methods to various data using a multiple data collection system.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.595-600
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• 2012

This study is to assess the application of SWAT-CUP(Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Calibration Uncertainty Programs) and to extend daily flow data from 8-day interval flow data which has been measured by Korean Ministry of Environment(MOE). Model sensitivity analysis and calibration were performed with sequential uncertainty fitting(SUIF-2), which is one of the programs interfaced with SWAT, in the package SWAT-CUP. The most sensitive parameters were SOL_K.sol, CH_N2.rte, CN2.mgt, SOL_BD.sol, ALPHA_BF.gw, ALPHA_BNK.rte, SOL_AWC.sol, CH_K2.rte, SFTMP.bsn, GW_DELAY.gw. Following the sensitivity analysis, SWAT-CUP calibration was carried out using 8-day interval flow data from January 2008 to December 2010. The results were then assessed based on the visual agreement and simulated flow plots and the performance statistics generated $R^2$ and NSE which are 0.71 and 0.61 respectively. Results of these statistics indicated that there was a good agreement between the observed and simulated flow. To extend daily flow data from 8-day interval flow data, parameters, which were estimated by SWAT-CUP, re-entered for SWAT model. As a result, the observed flow data were found to reflect the trend of simulated flow data. From these results, it is thought that this method could be used to provide daily flow data using 8-day interval flow data.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2011

In this study, main parameters: aperture, first bend and second bend which express a structure of ear canal are extracted in order to modeling and manufacture the ready-made ear shells of hearing aids. The proposed parameter extraction method consists of 2 important algorithms, aperture detection and feature detection. In the aperture detection algorithm, aperture of 3-D scanned virtual ear impression and parameters relating to ear shell of hearing aid are determined. The feature detection algorithm detects first bend, second bend, and related parameters. Through these two algorithms, parameters for aperture, first bend, and second bend are extracted to model the ready-made ear shell of hearing aid. The values of these extracted parameters from 36 people's right ear impression are analyzed and measured statistically. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that it is possible to classify ready-made ear shell parameters by age and size. The ready-made ear shell parameters are classified 3-size for 20 years old and 2-size for 60 years olde. Using 3D rhino program, virtual ready-made ear shell is reconstructed by parameters of every type, and simulated to model it. A final product was produced by transferring simulation result with rapid prototyping system. The modeled ready-made ear shell is evaluated with the objective and subjective method. Objective method is the comparison volume ratio and overlapped volume ratio of ear impression from randomly chosen 18 people and ready-made ear shell. And subjective method is that the final product of ready-made ear shell is used by users and the satisfaction number drawn from well fitting and comfortable testing was evaluated. In the result of the evaluation, it has been found that volume ration is 70%, big and middle size ready-made ear shell products are possible, and the satisfaction number is high.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2001

By using a phenomenological approach, model equations incorporating the resistance-in¬series concept were established to evaluate quantitatively concentration polarization in the boundary layer in feed adjacent to the membrane surface in the vapor permeation and separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCS)/$N_2$ mixture through po]y(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane. The vapor permeations of various VOCS/$N_2$ mixtures through PDMS membrane were carried out at various feed flow rates. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as, methylene chloride, chlorofonn, 1,2-clichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane were used as organic vapor. By fitting the model equations to the experimental penneation data. the model parameters were detennined. respectively. Both the mass transfer coefficient of VOC across tbe boundary layer and concentration polarization modulus as a measure of the extent of concentration polarization were eitimated Quantitatively by the mooe1 equations with the determined model parameters. From the analysis on the detennined model parameters, the boundary layer resistance due to the concentration polarization of VOCs component was found to be more significant when the condensability of voe was greater. This study seeks to emphasize the importance of the boundary resistance on the vapor penneation of the vapor/gas mixtures with high permeability and high selectivity towards the minor component VOC.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.467-480
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• 2014

The estimation of wind speed values used in codes and standards is an integral part of the wind load evaluation process. In a number of codes and standards, wind speeds outside of tropical cyclone prone regions are estimated using a single probability distribution developed from observed wind speed data, with no distinction made between the types of causal wind hazard (e.g., thunderstorm). Non-tropical cyclone wind hazards (i.e., thunderstorm, non-thunderstorm) have been shown to possess different probability distributions and estimation of non-tropical cyclone wind speeds based on a single probability distribution has been shown to underestimate wind speeds. Current treatment of non-tropical cyclone wind hazards in worldwide codes and standards is touched upon in this work. Meteorological data is available at a considerable number of United States (U.S.) stations that have information on wind speed as well as the type of causal wind hazard. In this paper, probability distributions are fit to distinct storm types (i.e., thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm) and the results of these distributions are compared to fitting a single probability distribution to all data regardless of storm type (i.e., co-mingled). Distributions fitted to data separated by storm type and co-mingled data will also be compared to a derived (i.e., "mixed") probability distribution considering multiple storm types independently. This paper will analyze two extreme value distributions (e.g., Gumbel, generalized Pareto). It is shown that mixed probability distribution, on average, is a more conservative measure for extreme wind speed estimation. Using a mixed distribution is especially conservative in situations where a given wind speed value for either storm type has a similar probability of occurrence, and/or when a less frequent storm type produces the highest overall wind speeds. U.S. areas prone to multiple non-tropical cyclone wind hazards are identified.