• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1999

This study was carried out to describe the growth of Ruditapes philippinarum on Chohwa and Toksan tidal flat in Kwangyang Bay, from June 1994 to July 1995. On the Chohwa tidal flat, the mean gran size, organic content and chlorophyll-a of the surface sediment were the range of 2.50-4.46 , 4.99-5.11%, 14.53-19.90 $\mu\textrm{g}$ cm$\^$-3/, and on the Toksan tidal flat, 0.83-1.66 , 2.22-2.34%, 6.20-6.90 $\mu\textrm{g}$ cm$\^$-3/, respectively. The shell length of R. philippinarum increased rapidly from spring to summer, and gently from summer to autumn, and ceased during winter. Fresh weight increased during spring and autumn, and decreased during summer and winter. condition factors also showed the same variations of weights. Synthesized annual growth pattern of 4 year classes in shell length fitted the von Bertalnffy growth model well. The annual growth of weight fitted the Gompertz model relatively well. The values of w, initial shell growth rate, and AGR$\sub$max/, maximum weight growth rate, on the Chohwa tidal flat were lower than those on the Toksan tidal flat. Comparing the growth patterns in the same tidal flat, growth rate was higher on the lover tidal flat than those on the higher tidal flat. In conclusion, the Chohwa tidal flat maintaining higher density showed lover growth rate, because of relatively insufficient food supply and inhabiting space.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.191-209
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• 2022

This paper is a review of studies that focus on the prediction of a won/dollar exchange rate before and after the covid 19 pandemic. The Korea economy has an unprecedent situation starting from 2021 up till 2022 where the won/dollar exchange rate has exceeded 1,400 KRW, a first time since the global financial crisis in 2008. The US Federal Reserve has raised the interest rate up to 2.5% (2022.7) called a 'Big Step' and the Korea central bank has also raised the interested rate up to 2.5% (2022.8) accordingly. In the unpredictable economic situation, the prediction of the won/dollar exchange rate has become more important than ever. The authors separated the period from 2015.Jan to 2022.Aug into three periods and built a best fitted ARIMA/ARDL prediction model using the period 1. Finally using the best the fitted prediction model, we predicted the won/dollar exchange rate for each period. The conclusions of the study were that during Period 3, when the usual relationship between exchange rates and economic factors appears, the ARDL model reflecting the variable relationship is a better predictive model, and in Period 2 of the transitional period, which deviates from the typical pattern of exchange rate and economic factors, the SARIMA model, which reflects only historical exchange rate trends, was validated as a model with a better predictive performance.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.52-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of modern Korean men's pants design from 1962 to 1998 by reviewing fashion magazine advertisements and pictorials. For theoretical study, the characteristics and the importance of apparel advertisements and the changes of modern Korean men's fashion trend were reviewed. For sample selection, first, 932 pictorials of men';s wear designs from Joongang Magazine, Shin Dong-A, Bokjangwolbo, Meot, Men's Life, WWD, and SFAA's photograph album, published from 1962 to 1998 were selected and then excluded some samples that could not clearly identify the pants design. Content analysis method was used to analyze the content of magazines and pictorials. The final samples are classified into pattern, color, length, silhouette, and existence or non-existence of turn-up. Frequency and $x^2$-test were conducted using a SAS statistics package to analyse the data. The results were as follows. ; (1) Solid pattern was the most prevailed throughout the last four decades and followed by stripe, check, the others, abstract, dot and floral. There is no significant difference in the type of men's pants pattern between each decade. (2) It showed a significant difference in colors of men's pants between decades. The colors in men's wear are divided into nine categories and the order of occurrence are as follows; multi-color is the most frequently shown and followed by brown, gray, blue, black, green, pink, yellow, and red. More various colors appeared over the period, however, multi color was the most popular in all decades but in the 60s. (3) Full length of pants style occupied more than 96% throughout all four decades. Due to the popularity of sports wear in men's fashion during the 90s, the shorts style appeared not only in sports wear and casual wear but also in suit style. (4) There is a significant difference in silhouette of men's pants between decades. The silhouette of men's pants were divided into four types and their order of occurrence are as follows; basic, baggy, fitted, and loose silhouette. Basic silhouette was the most prevailed throughout the whole four decades. (5) A significant difference was shown in the existence or non-existence of turn-up of men's pants between decades. Non-existence of turn-up of men's pants was the most prevailed throughout the whole four decades.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.577-589
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• 2021

Soil seed bank community contributes to the long-term conservation of plant diversity and vegetation dynamics, and their decreasing diversity and density with soil depth provide critical perspectives (deterministic and stochastic) for understanding the community disassembly process. We analyzed changes in species composition and diversity and structuring patterns by soil layer (top and bottom), including surface vegetation, in Gwangneung Forest, a mature forest with a vegetation climate in the temperate central part of the Korean Peninsula. From two layers of soil collected with a vertical difference of 10 cm, 934 specimens of 27 families, 40 genera, 44 species, three varieties, and 47 taxa, germinated. Although species diversity and germination density decreased in most comparative characteristics, including growth type, there was no statistical significance due to large deviations. Within-group variability of species composition was similar in the upper and lower soils, as was the decline pattern in co-occurred species (ζ-diversity) and change in species retention probability. The structuring process of the community composition in the two soil layers was fitted with an exponential correlation rather than a power function, demonstrating the dominance of the stochastic process. The pattern in diversity and species turnover according to soil depth in Gwangneung Forest was discovered to be structured by stochastic random events, such as seed vertical movement rather than interaction with trait characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

Purpose: The present study was conducted to compare the centration of RGP lens on cornea when lens was fitted based on keratometric astigmatisms measured by keratometer and the lens centration when fitted by corneal topography. Methods: Thirty eight eyes of 19 male and female in their twenties were applied RGP lens with 9.9 mm of diameter by the keratometric astigmatisms classified by the measurement with a keratometer. Then, lens centrations were estimated using high speed camera and compared with the lens centration when fitted by total keratometric astigmatism using corneal topography. The relationship of the steepest location of cornea and lens centration was further compared. Results: With the rule astigmatism, lens centration was not changed even with the difference in central and total keratometric astigmatisms. When the relationship of the steepest part of cornea measured by corneal topography and lens centration was analyzed, the lens centration in vertical direction was exactly correlated with the steepest part of cornea in 52.3% of subjects. In the case of non-correlation, the steepest part of cornea was mostly upper part of cornea, however, lens centration was located on lower part of cornea. The lens centration in horizontal direction was exactly correlated with the steepest region of cornea in 65.6% of subjects. In non-correlated case, the difference in cornea curvatures between the steepest and the flattest parts was smaller than 0.05 mm in 76.9% of subjects. Conclusions: From these results, we conclude that corneal topographic patterns may more contribute the centration of RGP lens on cornea than the difference in central and total keratometric astigmatisms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2012

This study establishes the initial data to develop a well-fitted underwear pattern by categorizing and analyzing torso types based on body measurements of women in their 50s and 60s. The results are as follows: First, the statistical assessment on the body measurements showed meaningful differences among age groups in twenty seven items (except for bust breadth, hip width armscye depth, hip depth, neck base circumference, armscye circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference, bishoulder length, shoulder length, front interscye, back interscye, weight and inclined angle of left shoulder). Women in their early 50s and late 60s (respectively) showed the highest values in height and depth. Second, there are five body factors according to the results of the factor analysis: Factor 1 (circumference, width, and depth of upper body measurements) - the degree of body depth and obesity, Factor 2 (height and vertical length) - The vertical torso length, Factor 3 - the size of shoulder, Factor 4 - the vertical upper body length, and Factor 5 - the size of shoulder angle. Third, the results of the cluster analysis showed that there are four distinctive body types. The largest number of the study subjects was related to Type 3 (30.69%), followed by Type 2 (26.78%), Type 1 (25.84%), and Type 4 (16.69%), respectively. For distribution of age groups by body type, Type 3 was the most common among the 60s group while Type 2 appeared most frequently among the 50s.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.547-552
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• 2002

In this paper, the path loss in domestic terrain environments for IMT-2000 are measured and considered. Domestic terrain environments are classified and received power is measured at 1.9201GHz. In addition, the Path loss is calculated with consideration of the radiation pattern of antennas based on the results of measurement. For the consideration of path loss in domestic terrain environments, each path loss are fitted with the same slope of a reference model as "COST-231 HATA Urban Model", and then both are compared. As a result, all of the path loss in domestic terrain environments are lower than the path loss of a reference model as "COST-231 HATA Urban Model". We found that a difference of path loss in domestic terrain environments and a reference model is 5dB in urban, 8dB in sparse urban, 12dll in dense suburban, 13dB in suburban, 19dB in sparse suburban, and 29dB in road.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.621-634
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• 2012

With comparative analysis of running-type brassieres on the market about suitability for middle-aged women, this study is to provide basic data of running-type brassieres' pattern which is highly suitable. In the pursuit of this purpose, this study carried out wearing experiment targeting 3 middle-aged women with normal body shape which is 85B of chest circumference. The result is as follows. The significant difference was recognized in the breast. The products were rated in order of C>A>B>D, E, F, G>H by the observers, and C>B>D>A>F>E=G>H by the subjects. The significant difference was recognized in the armhole area. The products were ranked in the order of C, D>B, G, E>A, F, H by the observes and D, C>B>G>F>A>H by the subjects. The significant difference was also recognized in 6 categories(14~19) for the torso. According to the overall average values, the products were rated in the order of B, C, D>A, D, F, G by the observers and B=D>C>H>F>G>A>E by the subjects. The overall evaluation exhibited the significant difference. The products were ranked in the order of D>C>E>B>H>A>G>F by both observers and subjects. Therefore it was confirmed that the product D was appropriate in general. To conclude of comparative analysis about 8 kinds of running-type brassieres on the market, the average values of the product C and D in all categories had high marks for each category. The product C was comfortable and capable of covering the breast well, however, a gap was formed in outside-up part. The product D, made from lacy fabric, was very comfortable and well-fitted but there was inconsistency between the mold-cup and the breast shape.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2015

Inactivation of microorganisms in grains used for saengshik, a formulated health food, was attempted by corona discharge plasma jet (CDPJ). The initial microbial counts of the grains were in the range of $1.7{\times}10^3-9.9{\times}10^5CFU/g$. The CDPJ-inactivation effect was increased with electric current in the range of 1-1.5 A. Regarding span length between the tips of the electrodes and the treatment surface, the highest inactivation effect was observed at 25 mm. The inactivation pattern fitted well to the Singh-Heldman model. Bacteria were more labile to the CDPJ inactivation than yeasts and molds. Among tested grains, white rice showed the highest sterility followed by pressed barley and brown rice. Despite the inactivation by plasma, the thiobarbituric acid content of the grains remained unchanged over 10 min of treatment. Our results indicated the potential of the CDPJ treatment to improve the hygiene of saengshik products with no remarkable changes in lipid quality.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.556-568
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• 2018

In this study, we surveyed the current status and sizing system of the custom dress shirts sold through online shopping, compared with the sizing system of the ready-made dress shirts. We tried to collect the information needed to make the well fitted dress shirts for middle-aged men from this study. The 17 online custom dress shirt brands were selected and the sales type, sales price, design options and size options of each brand were analyzed. The sizing systems of online custom dress shirt brands were compared with the sizing system of the 10 ready made dress shirt brands. The result showed that online custom dress shirts brands offered a variety of design options and size options to meet the consumers' individuality, taste and demand for good fit. In the ready-made brands, all 10 brands were using the same size notation system. In the same size designation, the difference in product size among the ready-made brands showed a tendency to be smaller than the online custom brands. The online custom brands had the different size notation system among brands. The size notation, the number of size designation and the size interval were different for each brand. Also, in the online custom brands, the product size among brands differed from each other in the same size designation. Therefore, the standardized size information and sizing system for middle-aged men that could be used as criteria when making the product size and pattern design in online custom brands were needed.