• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.385-390
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• 1999

액젓중의 ATP 관련물질의 정확한 분석방법을 확립하기 위하여 현재 사용되고 있는 HPLC법과 새로운 분석방법인 효소법을 비교$\cdot$검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. HPLC 분석법에 의한 멸치 및 까나리육중의 ATP 관련물질총량은 각각 9.332$\mu$mo1/g 및 9.468$\mu$mo1/g이었고, 멸치 및 까나리 액젓중의 ATP 관련물질총량은 각각 3.989$\mu$mol/g 및 4.145$\mu$mol/g 으로 원료육의 $42.7\%$ 및 $43.8\%$였다. 그리고, Hx량은 ATP 관련물질총량의 $85\%$ 정도를 차지하였다. HPLC 법으로 ATP 관련물질을 분석시에 식염의 영향은, 식염농도가 $2.5\%$일 때, IMP, HxR 및 Hx 표준물질의 검출율은 $83.8\~86.4\%$였다. 그리고, IMP, HxR 및 Hx는 254nm에서, 그리고 uric acid는 290nm의 파장에서만 검출되었다. 2. 효소법으로 ATP관련물질 분석시에는 IMP, HxR 및 Hx 표준물질의 검출율이 거의 100\%$였으며, 식염의 영향은 없었다. 멸치 및 까나리 액젓중의 ATP 관련물질총량은 각각 8.942$\mu$mol/g 및 9.424$\mu$mol/g으로, 원료 멸치육 및 까나리육보다 약간 적었다. 효소법으로 분석한 멸치 및 까나리 액젓중의 요산량은 각각 4.357$\mu$mol/g 및 4.632$\mu$mol/으로, 총ATP관련물질의 $48.7\%$ 및 $49.2\%$를 차지하였다. 3. 이상의 결과로부터, 액젓중의 ATP 관련물질을 분석시에는 HPLC 법이 적당하지 못하며, ATP 관련물질을 이들 분해효소를 사용하여 인위적으로 요산으로 전부 분해시켜 측정하는 효소법으로 분석해야할 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2022

To develop a value-added anchovy Engraulis japonicus sauce, the processing conditions and quality characteristics of a rapidly fermented and high-purity anchovy sauce (RRAS) were examined by adding 5-10% (w/w) radish Raphanus sativus L. RRAS exhibited higher yield, total nitrogen content, and amino nitrogen and calcium contents as well as lower salinity than those of conventional anchovy sauce (control). The salinity, yield, and total amino acid contents of RRAS and control were 17.2-17.7% and 19.6%, 81.2-88.7% and 61.0%, and 13,117.8-14,174.9 mg/100 g and 10,041.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The major amino acids recorded were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, ornithine, lysine, and histidine. The histamine contents of RRAS and control were 8.3-8.6 mg/100 g and 19.2 mg/100 g, respectively, while the protease activity levels were 0.901-0.958 unit/mg and 0.695 unit/mg, respectively. Overall, this study establishes that RRAS can not only significantly shorten the salt fermentation period, but can also serve as an anchovy sauce with superior nutritional quality and higher levels of amino acid and calcium.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2001

The number of covered carts selling snack foods along the streets are increasing in Korea and people enjoy eating foods at these carts. However there are only a few reports on the contamination or sanitary condition of the food carts. This study was performed to investigate the sanitary condition of food and water at the street food carts in the eight major areas of a city. Water and several kinds of food, kimbop(laver rollers) ddeokbokki(stir fried rice cake in hot pepper paste) oemuk(fish cakes) fish cake soup, and soy sauce were collected from four street carts from each of the 8 areas from June to August in 2001 The standard plate counts(SPCs) and coliform groups were examined according to the Food Code of Korea. The nufitness rates of SPCs of the samples were 0~15.6%: 15.6% in kimbop:6.3% in fish cake soup; and 3.1% in water samples SPCs were not detected in some samples. of ddeokbokki, oemuk and soy sauce. The unfitness rates of coliform groups were 0~62.5%; 46.9% in kimbop; 6.3% in ddeokbokki,;22.9% in oemuk 62.5% in fish cake soup; and 3.1% in soy sauce. Coliform groups were not detected in water sample The numbers and unfitness rates of SPCs and coliform groups showed increasing tendencies over time within a day. The higher the air temperature was the more increase of bacteriological growth was observed These results indicate that the level of bacteriological contamination of foods and water in the street carts should be monitored and strict inspection is necessary. There should be legal consequences for serving contaminated food to the public.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2004

시판 액젓류에 대해 객관적이고 과학적인 품질평가방법 및 품질 표준화를 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 현재 시중에 시판되고 있는 멸치액젓 19종과 까나리액젓 23종에 대하여 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 분석하여 품질을 파악하고, 액젓류의 관능적 특성과 품질지표와의 상관성을 비교 검토하였다. 수분의 경우 멸치액젓은 규격에 적합한 것으로 나타났으나 까나리액젓은 1종이 수산전통식품 품목별 품질기준을 초과하였다. 식염 농도의 경우 일부 제품에서 높은 식염함량을 나타내 국내 품질규격에 적합하지 않는 고식염 제품들이 제조되고 있음을 알수 있었다. pH, 회분, 비중, 순추출물, 휘발성염기질소, 총질소 및 아미노산질소함량은 제조회사별로 다양하게 나타나 품질에 상당한 차이를 보였으며 이들 중 총질소 및 아미노산질소함량이 식품공전규격이나 수산전통식품 품목별 품질기준에 미달인 제품이 멸치액젓 2종, 까나리액젓 3종이었으며, 멸치액젓에 국한한 한국산업규격인 총질소 1.2% 이상에 미달인 제품은 모두 4종으로 나타나 품질에 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사와의 상관관계에서 현재 규격기준인 총질소와 아미노산질소 및 비중, 순추출물, 고형분, 휘발성염기질소가 상관성이 큰 것으로 나타나 품질평가 기준의 지표로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2000

액젓을 분광광도계로 최대 흡수파장을 scanning 하고, 12개월 숙성된 멸치액젓에 glucose, MSG, IMP, 카라멜색소 및 타르색소를 첨가하여 저장기간에 따라 색도의 변화를 측정하여 액젓의 품질 판정을 위한 지표로서의 사용가능성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 액젓의 종류별, 희석비별, 첨가색소별, 첨가물별에 따라서 scanning한 결과, 453nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타내었고, 분광광도계로 453 nm에서 측정한 시판 멸치액젓의 색도는 직시색차계로 측정한 ${\delta}E$값 (색차)보다 감도가 더 좋았으므로, 액젓의 색도 측정시 직시색차계보다는 분광광도계로 453 nm에서 측정하는 것이 더 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. 숙성기간 중에는 색도값이 일정하게 증가하였으며, 까나리액젓이 멸치액젓보다 그 값이 높았다. 첨가물의 영향은, 당 (glucose)과 질소화합물 (MSG, IMP)을 첨가한 시료는 저장기간 동안 색도값이 일정하게 증가 하였으며, 농도별에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 색소의 영향은, 카라멜색소를 첨가한 액젓의 색도값은 첨가농도가 높을수록 높았으며, 저장기간중에 일정하게 증가하였다. 한편, 타르색소를 첨가한 액젓은 첨가농도 $0.003{\%}$ 및 $0.005{\%}$에서 저장 15일 후에 색도값이 급격히 증가하였으며, 저장기간 중에도 일정하게 증가하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2022

To develop a value-added anchovy Engraulis japonicus sauce, we examined processing conditions and quality characteristics of rapidly fermented, high purity anchovy sauce (RPAS) by adding 30% (w/w) intermediate salt-fermented anchovy material. RPAS had higher total nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents, and lower salinity than traditional anchovy sauce (TAS). The total amino acid contents of RPAS and TAS were 17,626.8 and 12,808.2 mg/100 g, respectively, and the major amino acids were alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, cystine, valine, and leucine. The histamine contents of RPAS and TAS were 12.6 and 25.2 mg/100 g, respectively, and the protease activity levels were 0.851 and 0.595 unit/mg, respectively. These results demonstrate that RPAS was more flavorful, and could shorten the salt-fermentation period by more than half compared to TAS, and can serve as a high-end fish sauce.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.645-654
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• 1989

The historical background of fish fermentation in Asia and other regions of the world is reviewed. The classification of fermented fish products in different regions is attempted with respect to the technology involved. The fermented fish products are largely divided into three groups; (1) high-salt, (2) low-salt, and (3) non-salt fermented. High-salt fermented products contain over 20％ of salt and are represented by fish sauce, cured fish and fish paste. Low-salt fermented products contain 6-18％ salt and are subdivided into lactic fermented products with added carbohydrate and acid pickling associated with low temperature. Non-salt fermented products are represented by the solid state bonito fermentation and some alkaline fermentation of flat fishes. The local names of the products in different regions are compared and classified accordingly. The microbial and biochemical changes during fish fermentation are considered in relation to the quality of the products, and their wholesomeness is reviewed.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1976년도 제7회 학술발표회
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• pp.182.3-182
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• 1976

A laboratory study was made for developing an fermentative method of producing conventional Korean soy sauce type of product from sandfish and defatted soy bean Koji of Aspergillus oryzae as raw material and enzme source, respectively. As an attempt to shorten the fermentation period, the admixture, consisting of pre-chopped sandfish slurry and the Koji of Asp. oryzae (100：15, wet fish weight/dry Koji weight) with added water equal to the fish weight (v/w), was first allowed, while being agitated at 450rpm, to undergo digestion for a 5 hour period at $50^{\circ}C$ with no added salt and then then, after adding 20％ salt (w/v), the hydrolysate mixture was ripened for up to 13 weeks at $30^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C,$ At intervals, an aliquot was withdrawn for determining microbiological, chemical and organoleptic changes taking place in the sandfish-defatted soy bean koji mixture during both digestion and ripening period.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권1호통권97호
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• pp.107-123
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• 2007

There were fifty two kinds of fermented soybean sauce before 17th century thirteen recorded in ${\ulcorner}$Sangayorock${\lrcorner}$, two in ${\ulcorner}$Sasichanyo${\lrcorner}$, one in ${\ulcorner}$Yongjechongwha${\lrcorner}$, nine in ${\ulcorner}$Soowonjabbang${\lrcorner}$, one in ${\ulcorner}$Domoondaejak${\lrcorner}$, six in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyoebogam${\lrcorner}$, four in ${\ulcorner}$Gushangchalyo${\lrcorner}$, five in ${\ulcorner}$Guhwangboyubang${\lrcorner}$, two in ${\ulcorner}$Yorock${\lrcorner}$, four in ${\ulcorner}$Chisengyoram${\lrcorner}$ and five in ${\ulcorner}$Joobangmoon${\lrcorner}$. These books had thing to know when making fermented soybean sauce like kinds of soybean sauce, how to make it, its ingredients and quantities to be used, how to make fermented soybean sauce in haste, and how to remake wrong made fermented soybean sauce, etc. Before 17th century, fermented soybean malt was divided into two kinds the only soybean malt and the mixed soybean malt that had bean, wheat, wheat flour and wheat bran. The bean only soybean malt was further divided into mashed soybean malt (Beans were steamed and mashed into past.) and unmashed soybean malt (Beans maintained their shape without being mashed.) while mashed soybean malts were made in Winger, in January of February, unmashed and mixed soybean malts were made in Summer, in July. When made fermented soybean sauce, mashed and unmashed soybean malts were used as they were and mixed soybean malt was dried and powdered for use. Fermented soybean sauce before 17th century could be classified by the features of soybean malts being used, Normal fermented soybean sauce was made from bean only soybean malts and other ingredients. Shi(시) was made from unmashed soybean malts, in which beans maintained their shape, and Gowhajang and Jeupjang were made from mixed soybean and wheat bran. Fermented soybean sauce was also made from old fermented soybean sauce, yeast. water leftover after boiling bean leaves, and soybean chaff without soybean malt. There were also side dish type soybean sauce like Kongjaban today and fish and meat sauce made from flesh ingredients. To make fermented soybean sauce in haste, the soybean sauce was heated. Beside there were how to maintain fermented soybean sauce and how to remake wrong made fermented soybean sauce.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2010

This study examined ways to improve the functional properties of commercial soy sauce using gelatin hydrolysates from the refiner discharge of Alaska pollock, Theragra chalcogramma. The total nitrogen content and pH of gelatin sauce prepared by dissolving the second-step gelatin hydrolysates (15 g), salt (20 g), sugar (5 g), glucose (2.5 g), inosine monophosphate (IMP) (0.5 g), black pepper (0.1 g), caramel powder (0.1 g), ginger powder (0.05 g), garlic powder (0.05 g), vinegar (3 mL), and fructose (3 mL) in water(100 mL) were 1.71% and 5.35, respectively. The results of a sensory evaluation indicated that when preparing blended soy sauce, the optimal blending ratio of gelatin sauce to commercial soy sauce was 20:80 (v/v). Because the total nitrogen content and pH of the blended soy sauce were 1.52% and 5.31, respectively, the blended soy sauce could be sold as a soy sauce. The oxidative property of the blended soy sauce was similar to that of 20 mM ascorbic acid, and its angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) -inhibiting activity was 1.5 mg/mL. The results suggest that the antioxidative and ACE-inhibiting activities of commercial soy sauce can be improved by blending gelatin sauce (20) with commercial soy sauce (80). The total amino acid content of the blended soy sauce was 9,107.3 mg/mL, which was higher than that (8,992.4 mg/100 mL) of commercial soy sauce. However, the taste value of the blended soy sauce was 415.8, which was lower than that (431.2) of commercial soy sauce.